Efecto de diferentes métodos de cocción en el contenido de compuestos fenólicos y la actividad antioxidante en brócoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica) y coliflor (Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis).

Las frutas son la primera opción de obtención de compuestos antioxidantes ya que son de fácil consumo y no requieren métodos previos de cocción para ser consumidas, caso contrario ocurre a la mayoría de las hortalizas. Entre los métodos de cocción más frecuentes en las hortalizas se encuentran: a vapor, hervido y microondas, los cuales pueden afectar el contenido de compuestos fenólicos y la actividad antioxidante. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el efecto que ejercen los diferentes tiempos de los métodos de cocción en la concentración de compuestos fenólicos y la actividad antioxidante, en brócoli y coliflor. Se analizaron muestras de brócoli y coliflor sometidas a diferentes tratamientos de cocción: hervido, al vapor y microondas, a los minutos 1, 3, 5 y 10, siendo las muestras crudas el control. Se realizaron extractos hidroalcohólicos por triplicado de cada tiempo de cocción. La capacidad antioxidante fue evaluada con los métodos de ABTS, DPPH y FRAP. El contenido de polifenoles totales se determinó por el método de Folin-Ciocalteu. La cuantificación de compuestos fenólicos se realizó mediante HPLC, utilizando como estándares: ácidos: gálico, cafeico y clorogénico, miricetina, luteolina, kaempferol, apigenina, quercetina y quercetina-3-O-β-D-glucósido. El contenido de compuestos fenólicos (polifenoles totales y compuestos fenólicos individuales) y la actividad antioxidante de las muestras crudas fue similar a lo reportado por otros autores. Los tratamientos de cocción afectaron el contenido de compuestos fenólicos y la actividad antioxidante en las muestras de brócoli y coliflor. El resultado en el contenido de polifenoles totales en la cocción a microondas aumentó 12 y 48% a los 5 minutos en brócoli y coliflor, respectivamente, caso contrario en el método de hervido que disminuyó 60 y 20% a los 10 minutos (en brócoli y coliflor). Con relación al contenido de compuestos fenólicos individuales en ambas hortalizas, el método de hervido mostró una disminución significativa en todos los compuestos. La cocción al vapor por 10 minutos mostró un aumento significativo para brócoli en: ácido clorogénico, quercetina-3-O-β-Dglucósido, miricetina y luteolina (57, 18, 12 y 30%, respectivamente); mientras que en la coliflor se observó un aumento no significativo en 5 de los 9 compuestos analizados. En el análisis de actividad antioxidante, el brócoli cocido al vapor por 10 minutos aumentó 15, 6 y 7% para DPPH, ABTS y FRAP, respectivamente. Para la coliflor, el método por microondas presentó un aumento del 38% en DPPH a 1 minuto de cocción y el 40 y 6% a los 3 minutos para ABTS y FRAP. En ambas hortalizas, solamente se alcanzó la significancia estadística en el método de DPPH. Por lo contrario, las hortalizas hervidas por 10 minutos disminuyeron la actividad antioxidante en comparación con las muestras crudas 60, 47 y 56% para brócoli y 38, 27 y 26% para coliflor en las técnicas de DPPH, ABTS y FRAP, respectivamente. Los diferentes tratamientos de cocción produjeron una hidrólisis parcial de los compuestos fenólicos, la cual puede afectar la actividad antioxidante y la biodisponibilidad de estos compuestos. También, se observó una correlación positiva entre el contenido de compuestos fenólicos y la actividad antioxidante en las muestras de brócoli y coliflor. En conclusión, la cocción al vapor por 10 minutos conservó e incrementó el contenido de compuestos fenólicos (polifenoles totales e individuales) y la actividad antioxidante en brócoli y coliflor, por lo cual es posible considerarlo como el mejor método de cocción para su consumo. Los tratamientos térmicos moderados, como la cocción a vapor, pueden considerarse como herramienta para mejorar el contenido de compuestos bioactivos y aumentar las propiedades benéficas del brócoli y la coliflor

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Nutritional quality of protein flours of fava bean (Vicia faba L.) and in vitro digestibility and bioaccesibility

Fava bean (Vicia faba L.) is a high-protein crop consumed worldwide and is an exceptional plant-based protein source for human consumption. The present study evaluated in vitro nutritional properties of four different protein flours of fava bean: minimal processed flour (MPF), cooked flour (CF), non-polyphenol protein concentrate (NPP), and polyphenol-protein concentrate (PP). NPP showed the highest protein concentration of 94.39 ± 0.76%. The heat treatment significantly increased the in vitro protein digestibility in CF (94.15 ± 2.45%). NPP and PP showed the highest bioaccessibility, 29.85 ± 1.88 and 33.19 ± 1.65%, respectively, no significant differences. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed bioaccessible low molecular weight peptides (<15 kDa) and legumin and vicilin presence. In silico analysis of bioactive peptides of legumin and vicilin presented high occurrence frequencies of bioactivities, as angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitor and dipeptidyl peptidase III/IV inhibitor peptides. This study supports the use and further investigation of fava bean proteins for human nutrition

Histamine and Tyramine in Chihuahua Cheeses during Shelf Life: Association with the Presence of tdc and hdc Genes

Cheese is a product of animal origin with a high nutritional value, and it is one of the most consumed dairy foods in Mexico. In addition, Chihuahua cheese is the most consumed matured cheese in Mexico. In the production process of Chihuahua cheese, maturation is carried out by adding acid lactic microorganisms, mainly of the Lactococcus genus and, in some cases, also the Streptococcus and Lactobacillus genus. As part of the metabolism of fermenting microorganisms, biogenic amines can develop in matured foods, which result from the activity of amino decarboxylase enzymes. In cheeses, histamine and tyramine are the main amines that are formed, and the consumption of these represents a great risk to the health of consumers. In this work, the presence of biogenic amines (histamine and tyramine) was determined by HPLC at different times of the shelf life of Chihuahua cheeses. In addition, the presence of genes hdc and tdc that code for the enzymes responsible for the synthesis of these compounds (histidine and tyrosine decarboxylase, or HDC and TDC) was determined by molecular techniques. A significant correlation was observed between the presence of both histamine and tyramine at the end of shelf life with the presence of genes that code for the enzymes responsible for their synthesis

Ecología política de la minería en América Latina : aspectos socioeconómicos, legales y ambientales de la mega minería

La evaluación que ofrece este volumen permite dar cuenta si no de todos los casos de mega-minería existentes de la región sí de la lógica que esos comparten y que están bien identificados por los autores. Desde una lectura interdisciplinaria, se revisa el papel que tiene Latinoamérica como reserva estratégica minera al tiempo que se indagan algunos casos contemporáneos conflictivos y sus implicaciones con México, Centroamérica y algunos países del Cono Sur. Asimismo se bosquejan ciertos planteamientos de prospectiva; se valoran casos de resistencias sociales y se discuten algunas herramientas jurídico-legales que pueden y deberían acompañar toda lucha social de resistencia, en particular aquellas relacionadas con la defensa de los derechos humanos

Compilación de Proyectos de Investigacion de 1984-2002

Instituto Politecnico Nacional. UPIICS

Demographic, clinical, and functional determinants of antithrombotic treatment in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation

Altres ajuts: Alliance Bristol-Myers Squibb/Pfizer.Background: This study assessed the sociodemographic, functional, and clinical determinants of antithrombotic treatment in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) attended in the internal medicine setting. Methods: A multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted in NVAF patients who attended internal medicine departments for either a routine visit (outpatients) or hospitalization (inpatients). Results: A total of 961 patients were evaluated. Their antithrombotic management included: no treatment (4.7%), vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) (59.6%), direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) (21.6%), antiplatelets (6.6%), and antiplatelets plus anticoagulants (7.5%). Permanent NVAF and congestive heart failure were associated with preferential use of oral anticoagulation over antiplatelets, while intermediate-to high-mortality risk according to the PROFUND index was associated with a higher likelihood of using antiplatelet therapy instead of oral anticoagulation. Longer disease duration and institutionalization were identified as determinants of VKA use over DOACs. Female gender, higher education, and having suffered a stroke determined a preferential use of DOACs. Conclusions: This real-world study showed that most elderly NVAF patients received oral anticoagulation, mainly VKAs, while DOACs remained underused. Antiplatelets were still offered to a proportion of patients. Longer duration of NVAF and institutionalization were identified as determinants of VKA use over DOACs. A poor prognosis according to the PROFUND index was identified as a factor preventing the use of oral anticoagulation

Switching TNF antagonists in patients with chronic arthritis: An observational study of 488 patients over a four-year period

The objective of this work is to analyze the survival of infliximab, etanercept and adalimumab in patients who have switched among tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists for the treatment of chronic arthritis. BIOBADASER is a national registry of patients with different forms of chronic arthritis who are treated with biologics. Using this registry, we have analyzed patient switching of TNF antagonists. The cumulative discontinuation rate was calculated using the actuarial method. The log-rank test was used to compare survival curves, and Cox regression models were used to assess independent factors associated with discontinuing medication. Between February 2000 and September 2004, 4,706 patients were registered in BIOBADASER, of whom 68% had rheumatoid arthritis, 11% ankylosing spondylitis, 10% psoriatic arthritis, and 11% other forms of chronic arthritis. One- and two-year drug survival rates of the TNF antagonist were 0.83 and 0.75, respectively. There were 488 patients treated with more than one TNF antagonist. In this situation, survival of the second TNF antagonist decreased to 0.68 and 0.60 at 1 and 2 years, respectively. Survival was better in patients replacing the first TNF antagonist because of adverse events (hazard ratio (HR) for discontinuation 0.55 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.34-0.84)), and worse in patients older than 60 years (HR 1.10 (95% CI 0.97-2.49)) or who were treated with infliximab (HR 3.22 (95% CI 2.13-4.87)). In summary, in patients who require continuous therapy and have failed to respond to a TNF antagonist, replacement with a different TNF antagonist may be of use under certain situations. This issue will deserve continuous reassessment with the arrival of new medications. © 2006 Gomez-Reino and Loreto Carmona; licensee BioMed Central Ltd

Reduction of cardiac imaging tests during the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of Italy. Findings from the IAEA Non-invasive Cardiology Protocol Survey on COVID-19 (INCAPS COVID)

Background: In early 2020, COVID-19 massively hit Italy, earlier and harder than any other European country. This caused a series of strict containment measures, aimed at blocking the spread of the pandemic. Healthcare delivery was also affected when resources were diverted towards care of COVID-19 patients, including intensive care wards. Aim of the study: The aim is assessing the impact of COVID-19 on cardiac imaging in Italy, compare to the Rest of Europe (RoE) and the World (RoW). Methods: A global survey was conducted in May–June 2020 worldwide, through a questionnaire distributed online. The survey covered three periods: March and April 2020, and March 2019. Data from 52 Italian centres, a subset of the 909 participating centres from 108 countries, were analyzed. Results: In Italy, volumes decreased by 67% in March 2020, compared to March 2019, as opposed to a significantly lower decrease (p &lt; 0.001) in RoE and RoW (41% and 40%, respectively). A further decrease from March 2020 to April 2020 summed up to 76% for the North, 77% for the Centre and 86% for the South. When compared to the RoE and RoW, this further decrease from March 2020 to April 2020 in Italy was significantly less (p = 0.005), most likely reflecting the earlier effects of the containment measures in Italy, taken earlier than anywhere else in the West. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic massively hit Italy and caused a disruption of healthcare services, including cardiac imaging studies. This raises concern about the medium- and long-term consequences for the high number of patients who were denied timely diagnoses and the subsequent lifesaving therapies and procedures