Corrigendum: COVID-19 Confinement and Health Risk Behaviors in Spain

In the original article, the reference for Chen et al. (2009) was incorrectly written as “Chen, P., Mao, L., Nassis, G. P., Harmer, P., Ainsworth, B. E., and Li, F. (2009). Wuhan coronavirus (2019-nCoV): the need to maintain regular physical activity while taking precautions. J. Sport Health Sci. 9, 103–104. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.02.001”. It should be “Chen, P., Mao, L., Nassis, G. P., Harmer, P., Ainsworth, B. E., and Li, F. (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): The need to maintain regular physical activity while taking precautions. J. Sport Health Sci. 9, 103–104. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.02.001”. The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated

Actividad física y absentismo laboral debido a enfermedad

El absentismo laboral debido a enfermedad es un fenómeno multicausal influido por las características del entorno laboral, el puesto de trabajo y el estilo de vida. Su elevado coste es soportado por empresas e instituciones públicas en base a la legislación vigente, y representa una parte importante del presupuesto para muchos países. Sin embargo, no se trata únicamente de una cuestión económica, sino también de una cuestión de salud pública; el absentismo laboral por enfermedad de larga duración ha sido asociado tanto a un mayor riesgo de experimentar pensión por incapacidad permanente, como a un mayor riesgo de mortalidad. Entre sus causas más relevantes se ha señalado a diferentes condiciones y enfermedades crónicas, en ocasiones, específicas de determinadas profesiones y sectores laborales. Así, el dolor de espalda (i.e. zona lumbar y zona cervical), los trastornos mentales (i.e. ansiedad y depresión), y diferentes enfermedades cardiovasculares han sido observadas entre las condiciones más prevalentes en trabajadores de diferentes poblaciones que experimentan absentismo laboral por enfermedad de larga duración. Por otro lado, niveles moderados y altos de actividad física, en especial cuando se realizan en el tiempo libre o con motivo de desplazamiento al centro de trabajo, han sido asociados a menores niveles de, por un lado, absentismo laboral por enfermedad y, por otro, a algunas de las enfermedades crónicas más extendidas en poblaciones generales y específicas de trabajadores. Además, esta asociación inversa se ha observado más pronunciada con niveles mayores de actividad física en el tiempo libre. El objetivo de estos estudios fue el de ampliar el conocimiento acerca de estas relaciones entre actividad física y absentismo laboral por enfermedad, haciendo especial énfasis en su observación con diferentes muestras de trabajadores españoles, trabajadores daneses, poblaciones de trabajadores específicas y condiciones o enfermedades crónicas asociadas a estas situaciones.Los estudios llevados a cabo son de carácter observacional, y utilizaron datos de muestras de poblaciones de trabajadores españoles y daneses. El artículo I es una revisión sistemática de la literatura. Los artículos II y III analizaron dos muestras de trabajadores universitarios (n=1025 y n=757). Los artículos IV y VI realizaron el seguimiento de una muestra tanto general (n=10427) como específica de trabajadores daneses (n=4699). Los artículos V, VII y VIII investigaron muestras generales de trabajadores españoles (n=9512 y n=9885). Herramientas como el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ) fueron usadas para estimar los niveles de actividad física, mientras que el absentismo laboral por enfermedad fue evaluado mediante pregunta incluida en cuestionarios o a través del registro danés para la evaluación de la marginalidad (DREAM). Los análisis fueron ajustados por diferentes variables de control señaladas por la literatura y recogidas en los cuestionarios.Los resultados de la presente Tesis Doctoral mostraron una asociación inversa entre actividad física y absentismo laboral por enfermedad en trabajadores españoles. Dicha asociación se observó más pronunciada con mayores niveles de actividad física y en determinados subgrupos de trabajadores. En la misma línea, también se observó una asociación inversa entre actividad física y determinadas condiciones (dolor de espalda crónico, depresión, ansiedad, hipertensión, diabetes, estrés laboral y limitación de la actividad cotidiana). Por otro lado, la actividad física en el tiempo libre redujo el riesgo de absentismo laboral de larga duración en trabajadores daneses. En conclusión, los resultados sugieren que niveles altos de actividad física se asocian con menor prevalencia y riesgo de absentismo laboral por enfermedad. Estrategias basadas en la promoción de la actividad física en el tiempo libre podrían resultar beneficiosas para la reducción del absentismo laboral por enfermedad.<br /

Risk profile and mode of transmission of monkeypox: A rapid review and individual patient data meta-analysis of case studies

Since May 2022, an outbreak of monkeypox in non-endemic countries has become a potential public health threat. The objective of this rapid review was to examine the risk profile and modes of transmission of monkeypox. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from inception through July 30 to collect case reports/series on patients with monkeypox infection. For meta-analysis, data on the total number of participants and deaths by binary categories of exposure (age, sex, country, other co-infections or existing conditions, and mode of contagion) were used. A total of 62 studies (4659 cases) were included. Most cases came from Africa (84.3%), followed by Europe (13.9%). In 63.6% of the cases, the mode of contagion was human contact, while 22.8% of the cases were by animal contact, and 13.5% were unknown or not reported. The mortality rate was 6.5% throughout these studies. The risk of mortality was higher in the younger age group (risk difference: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.02–0.36), in cases with other co-infections or current chronic conditions (risk difference: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.05) and in the category of low- and middle-income countries (risk difference: 0.06; 95% CI: 0.05–0.08). There were no significant differences with respect to sex or mode of contagion. These results help to understand the major infection pathways and mortality risk profiles of monkeypox and underscores the importance of preventing outbreaks in specific settings, especially in settings densely populated by children, such as day care centres and schools

Dose-response association between handgrip strength and hypertension: a longitudinal study of 76,503 european older adults

To examine the prospective dose-response association between handgrip strength and the incidence of hypertension in a representative sample of older European adults. We retrieved data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) waves 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. Handgrip strength was measured and participants reported whether they had a medical diagnosis of hypertension. We assessed the longitudinal dose‐response associations of handgrip strength with hypertension using restricted cubic splines. During the follow-up, 27,149 (35.5%) were diagnosed with incident hypertension. At the fully adjusted model, the minimum and optimal dose of handgrip strength for a significant reduction in the risk of hypertension was 28 Kg (HR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.89-0.96) and 54 Kg (HR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.78-0.89), respectively. There exists an association between increased handgrip strength and reduced risk of developing hypertension in older European adults

Dose-response association between cardiovascular health and mortality in cancer survivors

Background: There is little knowledge on the dose-response association between cardiovascular health (CVH) and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer deaths among cancer survivors. Aims: We aimed to examine the dose-response association of CVH with all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality. Methods: A total of 1701 US adult cancer survivors were followed-up during a median of 7.3 (IQR 4.0-10.2) years from 2007 to 2018 through the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We used the American Heart Association´s (AHA) Life´s Essential 8 (LE8) as a proxy for CVH. Results: Restricted cubic spline models indicated a close to inverse linear shape for the dose-response association between LE8 score and all-cause mortality with significant risk reductions within the range between 61.25 (Hazard ratio [HR]: 0.76, 95% CI, 0.59-0.98) and 100 points (HR: 0.28, 95%CI, 0.12-0.62), and a curvilinear shape for the dose-response association between LE8 score and CVD deaths with significant risk reductions within the range between 50.25 (HR: 0.72, 95% CI, 0.52-0.99) and 90.25 points (HR: 0.15, 95%CI, 0.02-0.98). No significant dose-response association was observed between LE8 and cancer deaths. Conclusions: Our study showed a close to inverse relationship between higher LE8 and risk of death from all cause, an inverse curvilinear relationship between higher LE8 and the risk for CVD death, and a non-significant association between higher LE8 and the risk of cancer death among US adult cancer survivors, which may translate to a substantial number of annual averted deaths and thus important public health implications

Gender Differences in the Association between Physical Inactivity and Mental-Health Conditions in People with Vision or Hearing Impairment

This study aimed to examine associations between physical inactivity and mental health in Spanish adults with vision or hearing difficulties and explored differences between men and women. Data from the Spanish National Health Survey in 2017 were analyzed (n = 23,089 adults, 15–103 years, mean age 53.4 ± 18.9 years, 45.9% men). Physical inactivity (exposure) was evaluated with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form. Participants self-reported whether they had previously suffered from depression, chronic anxiety and other mental-health complications (outcomes). Associations between physical inactivity and mental-health complications were assessed with multivariable logistic regression in people with difficulty seeing and hearing, after grouping by gender and adjusting for age, body-mass index, education level, living as a couple, smoking and alcohol consumption. The overall multivariable logistic-regression analyses showed that women with vision impairment showed significant associations between physical inactivity and depression (OR 1.403, 95% CI 1.015–1.940) and other mental-health complications (OR 2.959, 95% CI 1.434–6.104). In the overall analyses, there were no significant associations in men and in people with hearing impairment. The age-stratified analyses showed that inactive people with visual impairment who were <65 years old had a higher risk of mental-health conditions. In conclusion, physical activity has been shown to be important in the prevention of mental-health complications. Healthcare practitioners and policy makers should look at appropriate strategies to increase levels of physical activity in people with vision loss, especially in women and in those <65 years old

Minimal Dose of Resistance Exercise Required to Induce Immediate Hypotension Effect in Older Adults with Hypertension:Randomized Cross-Over Controlled Trial

To determine the optimal exercise volume to generate a hypotension response after the execution of a single strength exercise in elderly subjects with hypertension (HT), a randomized crossover design was performed. A total of 19 elderly subjects with HT performed one control session and three experimental sessions of resistance training with different volumes in a randomized order: three, six, and nine sets of 20 repetitions maximum (RM) of a single elbow flexion exercise with elastic bands. The systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean heart rate (MHR) were tested at the beginning and immediately afterwards, at 30 and 60 min, and at 4, 5, and 6 h after the resistance exercise. The results show that the volumes of six and nine sets of 20 RM obtained statistically significant differences in the SBP at 30 and 60 min post-exercise (p &lt; 0.05); in the DBP at 30 min after exercise (p &lt; 0.05); and in the MHR immediately after exercise at 30 and 60 min (p &lt; 0.05), compared to a control session. A single resistance exercise with a minimum volume of six sets of 20 RM generated an acute post-exercise antihypertensive response that was maintained for 60 min in elderly people with controlled HT

Analgesics and ASH medications in workers increase the risk of disability pension and mortality:prospective cohort

Background Relying on medication for musculoskeletal and mental disorders are common, but may have long-term consequences. This study investigates whether use of analgesics and anxiolytic/sedative/hypnotic (ASH) medication increases the risk of disability pension and mortality. Methods After completing a survey in 2005, 7773 female eldercare workers were followed for 11 years in a national register. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for disability pension and mortality from using analgesics and ASH. Results During follow-up, 10.3% obtained disability pension and 2.4% died. For use of analgesics, a frequency-response association for the risk of disability pension existed with HR’s (95% confidence interval) of 1.30 (1.07–1.57), 2.00 (1.62–2.46) and 3.47 (2.69–4.47) for monthly, weekly and daily use, respectively. For ASH, an increased risk of disability pension also existed (HR’s between 1.51 and 1.64). For mortality risk, only daily use of analgesics and ASH remained significant. Population attributable fractions of analgesics and ASH, respectively, were 30% and 3% for disability pension and 5% and 3% for mortality. Conclusions Frequent use of analgesics and ASH medication in workers increase the risk of disability pension and early death. Better management of musculoskeletal and mental health conditions, without excessive medication use, is necessary

Handgrip strength and work limitations:A prospective cohort study of 70,820 adults aged 50 and older

The purpose of the study was to investigate the association between handgrip strength and the incidence of work limitations in European adults aged 50 and older. We conducted a prospective cohort study among adults aged 50 and older from 27 European countries and Israel. Data were collected from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) waves 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 7. Handgrip strength was measured using a hand dynamometer (Smedley, S Dynamometer, TTM) and participants replied to questions about work limitations. Cox regression was conducted for statistical analyses. A total of 70,820 older adults (mean age 61 ± 7.7 years; 54.3 % women) were followed during a mean of 3.8 ± 2.9 years. The fully adjusted model showed that participants with low handgrip strength (<16 kg in women and <27 kg in men) had a significantly higher risk of work limitations compared with participants with normal values of handgrip strength (hazard ratio: 1.36; 95 % confidence interval: 1.28–1.44). Kaplan-Meier trajectories revealed that the survival probability to experience work limitations in the normal handgrip category was 20 % lower than in the low handgrip category in most of the follow-up period. We identified low level of handgrip strength as a risk factor for work limitations in adults aged 50 years or older. This could be used as an accessible measure to screen workers at risk of developing work limitations