Mujeres y economía

En el marco de la globalización, cada vez en mayor medida las mujeres se hacen presentes en todos los ámbitos de la vida económica, política y social del país, desafiando a las instituciones que no consideran los problemas de igualdad de género y las aspiraciones de participación de la mujer. Al iniciarse el siglo XXI, las mujeres no tienen un sentimiento de triunfo, sino de inseguridad e incertidumbre, de insatisfacción y desconfianza ante su futuro. De ahí que la disminución de la inequidad, la erradicación de la pobreza y el establecimiento pleno de la justicia, del derecho a la igualdad y a la democracia, sean los componentes fundamentales de la transformación que debe experimentar la humanidad en el siglo que comienza. En este trabajo, en cuanto a medidas concretas, quizá lo más relevante sea la propuesta colectiva de aplicar un Programa de Pleno Empleo dirigido principalmente a la población femenina mayor de 15 años y menos instruida

Hacia una alternativa para la equidad de género en la práctica política de los partidos políticos

Uno de los obstáculos que presentan las mujeres en su participación política es la discriminación de género, y se da en todos los ámbitos de la vida política. Naturalmente que los agravios más sentidos están en los partidos y en el parlamento. Las legisladoras dan buena cuenta de ellos, ninguna mujer se escapa, y va desde las miradas burlonas, pasa por las palabras ofensivas y llega hasta el abuso sexual o su utilización para escalar puestos. El ámbito social y familiar no puede excluirse de esta discriminación, hay que decir que son en ellos donde se gesta la sumisión y dependencia de las mujeres, asignándoles roles y actividades que socialmente se menosprecian aunque se diga lo contrario. Se les educa para que su vida se desenvuelva en lo doméstico. Aunque a partir de la última mitad del siglo xx, esta situación ha cambiado, todavía el ámbito de lo doméstico predomina en más de la mitad de las mujeres de nuestro país. Por ello, resulta tan importante que las mujeres salgan a la esfera pública y que entren a la vida política, representa un rompimiento con toda aquella cultura que trata de mantenerlas en la casa ocupándose solamente de los asuntos familiares. Entrar a la arena política, a la esfera donde se toman decisiones que afectan a todo el país, es un reto que las mujeres de nuestro estudio han afrontado y que ha representado una enseñanza: se necesita erradicar de la vida política la discriminación de género

Satisfacción docente y su influencia en la satisfacción del alumnado

En la actualidad, una de las profesiones más afectadas por el Burnout o síndrome de quemado, como se pone de manifiesto en numerosas investigaciones (Ilaja y Reyes, 2016), es la docencia. Esta profesión está marcada por sentimientos contradictorios, ya que los docentes sienten satisfacción por la importancia de la labor que llevan a cabo y por el trato constante con sus alumnos, pero, al mismo tiempo, se enfrentan a constantes conflictos que surgen a raíz de las exigencias del contexto educativo. Entre estas exigencias encontramos la falta de colaboración de las familias, la falta de atención y motivación del alumnado y la limitación de recursos y de libertad para llevar a cabo su labor. Por otro lado, la satisfacción del alumno está influenciada por diferentes factores, tanto internos al individuo (motivación, intereses, implicación en el aprendizaje, etc.), como externos, en los que podríamos enmarcar la labor del docente. Por ello el objetivo de nuestro trabajo es, a través de una revisión teórica y, posteriormente una comprobación empírica, tratar de conocer en qué medida la satisfacción del docente influye en la satisfacción de su alumnado. Para llevara a cabo esta investigación hemos seleccionado una muestra intencional, en concreto hemos seleccionado docentes de un Instituto de Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria, el Valles de Gata, de la localidad de Hoyos, Cáceres, y sus alumnos correspondientes. El cuestionario elegido es la Escala de Satisfacción Laboral para Profesores (ESL-VP) de Anaya y Suárez (2007) y además un cuestionario elaborado para los estudiantes. Tras analizar los resultados comprobamos que la satisfacción docente influye en la satisfacción del alumnado.At present, teaching is one of the professions most affected by the burnout síndrome, as was made evident by numerous investigations (Ilaja & Reyes, 2016). This profession is characterized by contradictory feelings, since teachers feel rewarded by the importance of the work they carry out and by the constant contact with their students, but, at the same time, face constant conflicts that arise as a result of the demands the educational context imposes on them. Among these demands, the lack of collaboration of the families can be noted, along with the lack of attention and motivation of the students, as well as the limited resources and the lack of freedom to carry out their work. On the other hand, student satisfaction is influenced by different factors, both internal (motivation, interests, involvement in learning, etc.), and external. The influence of the teacher coud be included in this last category. For this reason, the objective of this work is to find out through a theoretical review and an empirical verification, to what extent the satisfaction of the teachers influences the satisfaction of their students. To carry out this research a purposive sample was selected. Concretely, teachers and their corresponding students were chosen from a Compulsory Secondary Education Institute call Valles de Gata in Cáceres. The chosen questionnaire was the Job Satisfaction Scale for Teachers (ESL-VP) of Anaya and Suárez (2007), along with a questionnaire designed by the authors. After analyzing the results it was verified that the teacher satisfaction influences the satisfaction of the students.peerReviewe

El Trabajo de Fin de Grado como instrumento de evaluación final de competencias de la titulación y predictor de la empleabilidad y el emprendimiento: propuesta de mejora de su calidad y criterios de evaluación

Este proyecto pretende contribuir a dar respuesta un problema que se ha hecho patente en los últimos años: la falta de consenso por parte de profesores y alumnos sobre lo que constituye un buen TFG para las titulaciones de la Facultad

Clear-Cell Adenocarcinoma of Vesical Origin: A Case Study of Metastatic Disease Treated with Chemotherapy

Vesical clear cell adenocarcinoma is an uncommon tumour. The description of nearly all published cases focuses on histological issues, providing few clinical particulars and limited followup. The treatment choice is resection. No publications have been found regarding systemic treatments for advanced disease. We present a case of metastatic clear cell adenocarcinoma of the bladder treated with chemotherapy

Evaluation of Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes Exposed In Vitro to Neonicotinoid Insecticides News

Calypso (thiacloprid), Poncho (clothianidin), Gaucho (imidacloprid), and Jade (imidacloprid) are commercial neonicotinoid insecticides, a new class of agrochemicals in México. However, genotoxic and cytotoxic studies have not been performed. In the present study, human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were exposed in vitro to different concentrations of the four insecticides. The genotoxic and cytotoxic effects were evaluated using the alkaline comet and trypan blue dye exclusion assays. DNA damage was evaluated using two genotoxicity parameters: tail length and comet frequency. Exposure to 9.5 × 10−6 to 5.7 × 10−5 M Jade; 2.8 × 10−4 to 1.7 × 10−3 M Gaucho; 0.6 × 10−1 to 1.4 × 10−1 M Calypso; 1.2 × 10−1 to 9.5 × 10−1 M Poncho for 2 h induced a significant increase DNA damage with a concentration-dependent relationship. Jade was the most genotoxic of the four insecticides studied. Cytotoxicity was observed in cells exposed to 18 × 10−3 M Jade, 2.0 × 10−3 M Gaucho, 2.0 × 10−1 M Calypso, 1.07 M Poncho, and cell death occurred at 30 × 10−3 M Jade, 3.3 × 10−3 M Gaucho, 2.8 × 10−1 M Calypso, and 1.42 M Poncho. This study provides the first report of genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in PBL following in vitro exposure to commercial neonicotinoid insecticides

Automatic Discrimination of Species within the Enterobacter cloacae Complex Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry and Supervised Algorithms

The Enterobacter cloacae complex (ECC) encompasses heterogeneous clusters of species that have been associated with nosocomial outbreaks. These species may have different acquired antimicrobial resistance and virulence mechanisms, and their identification is challenging. This study aims to develop predictive models based on matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) profiles and machine learning for species-level identification. A total of 219 ECC and 118 Klebsiella aerogenes clinical isolates from three hospitals were included. The capability of the proposed method to differentiate the most common ECC species (Enterobacter asburiae, Enterobacter kobei, Enterobacter hormaechei, Enterobacter roggenkampii, Enterobacter ludwigii, and Enterobacter bugandensis) and K. aerogenes was demonstrated by applying unsupervised hierarchical clustering with principal-component analysis (PCA) preprocessing. We observed a distinctive clustering of E. hormaechei and K. aerogenes and a clear trend for the rest of the ECC species to be differentiated over the development data set. Thus, we developed supervised, nonlinear predictive models (support vector machine with radial basis function and random forest). The external validation of these models with protein spectra from two participating hospitals yielded 100% correct species-level assignment for E. asburiae, E. kobei, and E. roggenkampii and between 91.2% and 98.0% for the remaining ECC species; with data analyzed in the three participating centers, the accuracy was close to 100%. Similar results were obtained with the Mass Spectrometric Identification (MSI) database developed recently (https://msi.happy-dev.fr) except in the case of E. hormaechei, which was more accurately identified with the random forest algorithm. In short, MALDI-TOF MS combined with machine learning was demonstrated to be a rapid and accurate method for the differentiation of ECC species

The effect of hexose ratios on metabolite production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains obtained from the spontaneous fermentation of mezcal

Mezcal from Tamaulipas (Me´xico) is produced by spontaneous alcoholic fermentation using Agave spp. musts, which are rich in fructose. In this study eight Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolates obtained at the final stage of fermentation from a traditional mezcal winery were analysed in three semisynthetic media. Medium M1 had a sugar content of 100 g l-1 and a glucose/fructose (G/F) of 9:1. Medium M2 had a sugar content of 100 g l-1 and a G/F of 1:9. Medium M3 had a sugar content of 200 g l-1 and a G/F of 1:1. In the three types of media tested, the highest ethanol yield was obtained from the glucophilic strain LCBG-3Y5, while strain LCBG-3Y8 was highly resistant to ethanol and the most fructophilic of the mezcal strains. Strain LCBG-3Y5 produced more glycerol (4.4 g l-1) and acetic acid (1 g l-1) in M2 than in M1 (1.7 and 0.5 g l-1, respectively), and the ethanol yields were higher for all strains in M1 except for LCBG-3Y5, -3Y8 and the Fermichamp strain. In medium M3, only the Fermichamp strain was able to fully consume the 100 g of fructose l-1 but left a residual 32 g of glucose l-1. Regarding the hexose transporters, a high number of amino acid polymorphisms were found in the Hxt1p sequences. Strain LCBG-3Y8 exhibited eight unique amino acid changes, followed by the Fermichamp strain with three changes. In Hxt3p, we observed nine amino acid polymorphisms unique for the Fermichamp strain and five unique changes for the mezcal strains

Pretransplant CMV-Specific T-Cell Immunity But Not Dose of Antithymocyte Globulin Is Associated With Recovery of Specific Immunity After Kidney Transplantation

Background: This is a prospective, multicenter, observational study in cytomegalovirus (CMV)-seropositive kidney transplant recipients with pretransplant CMV-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMV-CMI) receiving antithymocyte globulin (ATG). We aimed to investigate posttransplant CMV-CMI over time and the impact of the dose-dependent ATG. Methods: CMV-CMI was assessed at days +30, +45, +60, and +90 after transplantation with the QuantiFERON-CMV assay. A reactive result (interferon-? [IFN-?] ? 0.2 IU/mL) indicated a positive CMV-CMI. Results: A total of 78 positive CMV-CMI patients were enrolled in the study, of which 59.5% had a positive CMV-CMI at day +30 and 82.7% at day +90. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ATG dose was not associated with positive CMV-CMI at any point. However, pretransplant IFN-? level (>12 IU/mL vs ?12 IU/mL) was associated with positive CMV-CMI at day +30 (odds ratio, 12.9; 95% confidence interval, 3.1-53.3; P < .001). In addition, all the patients who did not recover CMV-CMI at day +90 had a pretransplant IFN-? level ?12 IU/mL. Conclusions: More than half of CMV-seropositive kidney transplant recipients receiving ATG recover (or maintain) CMV-CMI by the first month after transplantation. The pretransplant IFN-? level, but not the ATG dose, shows a strong association with the kinetics of this recovery.This work was supported by the Fundación Progreso y Salud, Consejería de Salud y Familias, Junta de Andalucía (grant number PI-0294-2014); Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grant number CP 18/00073 to M. F. R.); Plan Nacional de I+D+i 2013–2016 and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Redes y Centros de Investigación Cooperativa, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (grant numbers REIPI RD16/0016/0002, RD16/0016/0003, RD16/0016/0007, RD16/0016/0008, RD16/0016/0009 and RD16/0016/0012); cofinanced by European Development Regional Fund “A way to achieve Europe,” Operative Program Intelligent Growth 2014- 2020; Spanish Network for Research in Renal Diseases (grant numbers RD16/0009/0006, RD16/0009/0008, RD16/0009/0013, RD16/0009/0014, RD16/0009/0019, RD16/0009/0034); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (grant number CB06/06/0058); and Spanish Group for the Study of Infection in Transplantation and the Immunocompromised Host of the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiolog