Producción científica de la enfermería en relación con el cáncer de próstata : revisión integradora

Objetivo: analisar a produção científica da enfermagem brasileira sobre câncer de próstata. Método: revisão integrativa a partir da questão norteadora: qual o conhecimento científico produzido pela enfermagem sobre câncer de próstata nos periódicos brasileiros? Com busca na Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde e consulta às bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e na coleção Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO). Foram elegíveis 11 estudos. Resultados: identificou-se que a discussão desta temática na enfermagem é algo recente e ela concentra-se, em maior parte, na região sudeste. De acordo com a abordagem temática, os assuntos mais discutidos foram: conhecimento da população masculina sobre o câncer de próstata e as barreiras de adesão aos exames de rastreamento. Conclusão: a produção científica da Enfermagem sobre a temática está em recente desenvolvimento, portanto, deve ganhar mais notoriedade em publicações nacionais, a fim de contribuir para a produção de conhecimento como subsídio para a melhoria da assistência.Objective: to analyze the scientific production of Brazilian nursing about prostate cancer. Method: integrative review from the question: “what is the scientific knowledge produced by nursing on prostate cancer in Brazilian journals?” By means a searching in the Virtual Health Library, and consultations in the database of LILACS and SciELO. Eleven studies were eligible, then categorized and analyzed with basis on the instrument elaborated; they were grouped, summarized and integrated to the discussion of review. Results: it was found that the discussion of this thematic in nursing is a recent fact and it is concentrated, mostly, in the Southeast of Brazil. According to the thematic approach, the most discussed topics were: knowledge of the male population about the prostate cancer and the barriers of adherence to screening examinations. Conclusion: the scientific production of the Nursing about prostate cancer is in recent development, therefore, should gain more prominence in national publications, in order to contribute to the production of knowledge as a support for the improvement of care.Objetivo: analizar la producción científica de la enfermería brasileña sobre el cáncer de próstata. Método: revisión integradora de la literatura, a partir de la cuestión: “¿que el conocimiento científico producido por la enfermería en el cáncer de próstata en los periódicos brasileños?”, en la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud con consulta a la base de datos LILACS y colección SciELO. Resultados: se encontró que la discusión de este tema en la enfermería es una reciente y se concentra principalmente en el sureste. De acuerdo con el enfoque temático, los temas más discutidos fueron: el conocimiento de la población masculina en el cáncer de próstata y las barreras de la adherencia a las pruebas de detección. Conclusión: La producción científica de enfermería sobre el cáncer de próstata es un fenómeno reciente, por lo tanto, debe ganar más notoriedad en publicaciones nacionales con el fin de contribuir para la producción de conocimiento con base para la mejora del cuidado

Cruzamentos dialélicos entre genótipos de tomate de mesa

The general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), and heterosis were studied in a complete diallel cross among fresh market tomato breeding lines with reciprocal excluded. Fifteen genotypes (five parents and ten hybrids) were tested using a randomized complete block design, with three replications, and the experiments were conducted in Itatiba, São Paulo state, Brazil, in 2005/06. The yield components evaluated were fruit yield per plant (FP), fruit number per plant (FN), average fruit weight (FW); cluster number per plant (CN); fruit number per cluster (FC), fruit wall thickness (FT) and number of locules per fruit (NL). Fruit quality components evaluated were total soluble solids (SS); total titratable acidity (TA); SS/TA ratio, fruit length (FL); fruit width (WI); length to width ratio (FL/WI). The data for each trait was first subjected to analysis of variance. Griffing's method 2, model 1 was employed to estimate the general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities. Parental and hybrid data for each trait were used to estimate of mid-parent heterosis. For plant fruit yield, IAC-2 was the best parental line with the highest GCA followed by IAC-4 and IAC-1 lines. The hybrids IAC-1 x IAC-2, IAC-1 x IAC-4 and IAC-2 x IAC-4 showed the highest effects of SCA. High heterotic responses were found for fruit yield and plant fruit number with values up to 49.72% and 47.19%, respectively. The best hybrids for fruit yield and plant fruit number were IAC-1 x IAC-2, IAC-1 x IAC-4 and IAC-2 x IAC-5, for fruit yield and plant fruit number, the main yield components

Prefrontal BDNF Levels After Anodal Epidural Direct Current Stimulation in Rats

This study measured levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) after single (S) and repetitive (R) anodal epidural DC stimulation (eDCS) over the left medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Male Wistar rats (n = 4 per group) received single application of sham (S-sham) or anodal eDCS (S-eDCS) (400 μA for 11 min) and had their PFC removed 15, 30, or 60 min later. For repetitive brain stimulation, rats received sham (R-sham) or anodal eDCS (R-eDCS) once a day, five consecutive days, and their PFC were removed 24 h after the last application. BDNF isoforms levels were measured by Western blot assays. It was observed that animals receiving S-eDCS showed smaller (p < 0.01) levels of BDNF 15 min after stimulation when compared to S-sham, especially in its mature form (mBDNF p < 0.001). Levels of BDNF, including mBDNF, were almost like the S-sham at 30 and 60 min intervals after stimulation, but not proBDNF, which was significantly smaller (p < 0.05) than S-sham at these intervals. After five sessions, BDNF levels were higher in the PFC of R-eDCS animals, notably the proBDNF (p < 0.01) when compared to R-sham. This study showed that levels of BDNF in the PFC, especially the proBDNF, were lower after a single and higher after repetitive anodal eDCS applied over the left mPFC when compared to sham. Therefore, changes of prefrontal BDNF levels may disclose molecular changes underlying the plasticity induced by cortical anodal DC stimulation, which may be opposite if applied in single or multiple sessions

Fatores de virulência de Neisseria spp

O gênero Neisseria é constituído de dez espécies, duas das quais são patógenos estritamente humanos, a Neisseriagonorrheae e a Neisseria meningitidis. As neissérias são diplococos Gram-negativas imóveis, exigente para o crescimentoe capinofílicas. N. meningitidis apresentam cápsulas enquanto N. gonorrhoeae não é capsulado. N. meningitidis apresentacomo fatores antigênicos, polissacárides que permitem a divisão antigênica em vários subgrupos, proteínas de membranaexterna (Omp) e os lipossacárides. A bactéria também possui receptores específi cos dos pili meningocócicos que favorecema sua colonização na nasofaringe; e a cápsula protege da fagocitose mediada por anticorpos. Pode apresentar duas formasclínicas: a meningite (que pode ser causada também por outros microrganismos) e a meningococcinemia (septicemia com ousem meningite, fatal). N. gonorrhoeae aparesenta como fator de virulência: a cápsula e as proteínas pilina, Por, Opa, ProteínaIII, Tbp1 e Tbp2, Lbp, LOS e β-lactamase. A bactéria causa a doença conhecida como gonorréia, que pode se apresentar comodoença pélvica infl amatória, salpingite em mulheres, epididimite em homens e oftalmia neonatal em crianças. Além disso, abactéria pode-se disseminar para outras partes do copo

Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from the Uteri Horn, Mouth, and Rectum of Bitches Suffering from Pyometra: Virulence Factors, Antimicrobial Susceptibilities, and Clonal Relationships among Strains

Pyometra is recognized as one of the main causes of disease and death in the bitch, and Escherichia coli is the major pathogen associated with this disease. In this study, 70 E. coli isolates from the uteri horn, mouth, and rectum of bitches suffering from the disease and 43 E. coli isolates from the rectum of clinically healthy bitches were examined for the presence of uropathogenic virulence genes and susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs. DNA profiles of isolates from uteri horn and mouth in bitches with pyometra were compared by REP, ERIC, and BOX-PCR. Virulence gene frequencies detected in isolates from canine pyometra were as follows: 95.7% fim, 27.1% iss, 25.7% hly, 18.5% iuc, and 17.1% usp. Predominant resistance was determined for cephalothin, ampicillin, and nalidixic acid among the isolates from all sites examined. Multidrug resistance was found on ∼50% pyometra isolates. Using the genotypic methods some isolates from uteri, pus, and saliva of the same bitch proved to have identical DNA profiles which is a reason for concern due to the close relationship between household pets and humans

AVALIAÇÃO FENOTÍPICA E GENOTÍPICA DO PERFIL DE RESISTÊNCIA DE AMOSTRAS DE Staphylococcus aureus ISOLADAS DE CULTURAS CLÍNICAS E DE VIGILÂNCIA DE UM HOSPITAL DE ENSINO BRASILEIRO

Staphylococcus aureus pode causar uma variedade de infecções, principalmente nosocomiais. A sua importância reside na combinação da virulência, caráter invasivo e resistência aos antibióticos constituindo desafios terapêuticos. Este estudo objetivou avaliar fenotipica e genotipicamente o perfil de resistência de amostras de S. aureus isoladas de pacientes hospitalizados em um hospital de ensino brasileiro. Foram avaliadas 1078 amostras obtidas de culturas de vigilância e de amostras clínicas de S. aureus de pacientes internados no Hospital Estadual Bauru. Para avaliação do perfil fenotípico de resistência foi utilizado o método de disco-difusão conforme os critérios do CLSI, 2011. Para a determinação genotípica de resistência foi avaliada a presença do gene mecA pela Reação de Polimerase em Cadeia – PCR. Das 1078 amostras testadas fenotipicamente, foi observado que 75,1% das amostras eram Staphylococcus aureus resistente a Meticilina (MRSA), sendo que destes, 98.4% apresentaram resistência a oxacilina e 100%, a cefoxitina. Para a determinação genotípica foi realizada a técnica de PCR para amplificação do gene mecA. Das 443 amostras testadas para o gene mecA foram positivas 336 amostras (75.8%). Destas amostras, 85.7% apresentaram fenótipo de resistência a oxacilina e 88.4% a cefoxitina. Devido ao alto índice de MRSA, conclui-se a necessidade de investimento em pesquisas, racionalização do uso de antimicrobianos e criação de laboratórios de referência para verificação de resistência aos antimicrobianos

Effect of venlafaxine on bone loss associated with ligature-induced periodontitis in Wistar rats

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The present study investigated the effects of venlafaxine, an antidepressant drug with immunoregulatory properties on the inflammatory response and bone loss associated with experimental periodontal disease (EPD).</p> <p>Materials and Methods</p> <p>Wistar rats were subjected to a ligature placement around the second upper left molar. The treated groups received orally venlafaxine (10 or 50 mg/kg) one hour before the experimental periodontal disease induction and daily for 10 days. Vehicle-treated experimental periodontal disease and a sham-operated (SO) controls were included. Bone loss was analyzed morphometrically and histopathological analysis was based on cell influx, alveolar bone, and cementum integrity. Lipid peroxidation quantification and immunohistochemistry to TNF-α and iNOS were performed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Experimental periodontal disease rats showed an intense bone loss compared to SO ones (SO = 1.61 ± 1.36; EPD = 4.47 ± 1.98 mm, p < 0.001) and evidenced increased cellular infiltration and immunoreactivity for TNF-α and iNOS. Venlafaxine treatment while at low dose (10 mg/kg) afforded no significant protection against bone loss (3.25 ± 1.26 mm), a high dose (50 mg/kg) caused significantly enhanced bone loss (6.81 ± 3.31 mm, p < 0.05). Venlafaxine effectively decreased the lipid peroxidation but showed no significant change in TNF-α or iNOS immunoreactivity.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The increased bone loss associated with high dose venlafaxine may possibly be a result of synaptic inhibition of serotonin uptake.</p

[Covid-19 in the Northeast of Brazil: from lockdown to the relaxation of social distancing measures].

Even in the period when the Covid-19 pandemic was on the rise in the Northeast of Brazil, the relaxation of social distancing measures was introduced. The scope of the study is to assess, in the light of the epidemiological-sanitary situation in the region, the suitability of relaxation of social distancing measures. Based on the WHO guidelines for relaxation of social distancing, operational indicators were created and analyzed for each guideline in the context of the Northeast. To analyze the behavior of the epidemic, according to selected indicators, Joinpoint trend analysis techniques, heat maps, rate ratios and time trends between capitals and the state interior were compared. The weekly growth peak of the epidemic occurred in May-July 2020 (epidemiological weeks 19 to 31). In most capitals, there was no simultaneous downward trend in the number of cases and deaths in the 14 days prior to flexibilization. In all states the number of tests performed was insufficient. In epidemiological week 24, the state percentages of ICU/Covid-19 bed occupancy were close to or above 70%. The epidemiological situation of the nine Northeastern state capitals analyzed here did not meet criteria and parameters recommended by the World Health Organization for the relaxation of social distancing measures

Fortalecer as atividades de informação e vigilância epidemiológica é essencial e urgente para reduzir a força de transmissão do SARS-CoV-2

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