540 research outputs found

    Pauline Duley-Haour, DĂ©sert et Refuge : sociohistoire d’une internationale huguenote. Un rĂ©seau de soutien aux « Églises sous la croix » (1715‑1752)

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    Le seul titre de cet ouvrage permet de cerner la grande nouveautĂ© du point de vue choisi par Pauline Duley-Haour pour Ă©tudier le protestantisme français du xviiie siĂšcle. En effet, selon une tradition bien Ă©tablie, il est courant de se pencher soit sur le protestantisme exilĂ© aprĂšs 1685, « le Refuge », soit sur le protestantisme demeurant dans le royaume en situation de clandestinitĂ© et/ou de rĂ©sistance, « le DĂ©sert ». Pourtant, la rupture entre les deux mondes est loin d’ĂȘtre totale, et c’es..

    Une tolérance à géométrie variable : catholiques et protestants, chrétiens et juifs, pouvoir royal et francisation

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    La ville de Metz (20 000 habitants), sous protection française depuis 1552, puis en voie de francisation politique jusqu’à l’annexion officielle en 1648, constitue un laboratoire Ă  part pour observer la coexistence confessionnelle et la tolĂ©rance accordĂ©e par la monarchie au xviie siĂšcle. On y voit la prĂ©sence d’une forte minoritĂ© rĂ©formĂ©e (entre la moitiĂ© et le cinquiĂšme de la population) qui bĂ©nĂ©ficie de certaines libertĂ©s inconnues sous le rĂ©gime de l’édit de Nantes, et d’une petite minoritĂ© juive, protĂ©gĂ©e par la monarchie malgrĂ© le renouvellement de l’édit d’expulsion du royaume en 1615. La tolĂ©rance accordĂ©e Ă  ces deux communautĂ©s par le pouvoir politique est Ă  gĂ©omĂ©trie variable. Tandis que les rĂ©formĂ©s connaissent un sort de moins en moins favorable de la part des autoritĂ©s et du clergĂ© catholique, jusqu’à devoir connaĂźtre les effets de la rĂ©vocation de l’édit de Nantes qui supprime leur libertĂ© de culte (1685), les juifs continuent Ă  ĂȘtre protĂ©gĂ©s, malgrĂ© l’hostilitĂ© des chrĂ©tiens locaux. Il faut y voir une volontĂ© trĂšs pragmatique de ne tenir compte que des intĂ©rĂȘts (gĂ©o)-politiques et Ă©conomiques les plus immĂ©diats de la monarchie, aux Ă©chelles locale et nationale, dans une ville de frontiĂšre hautement stratĂ©gique.The city of Metz (20,000 inhabitants), under French protection since 1552, then politically frenchified until the official annexation in 1648, can be viewed as a particular laboratory of confessional coexistence and of the tolerance granted by the monarchy during the 17th century. We can see the presence of a strong Calvinist minority (between half and one-fifth of the population) enjoying a better status than that offered by the edict of Nantes, and of a small Jewish minority, under the protection of the monarchy despite the renewal of the expulsion edict in 1615. The toleration granted to these two communities by the political power presents varying scales. While the Reformed lived under an increasingly uncomfortable regime, culminating with the revocation of the edict of Nantes that denied them freedom of worship (1685), the Jews kept on being protected, despite the hostility of local Christians. This was the result of the monarchy’s pragmatic vision of the situation that only took into account its imperative (geo)political and economic interests, on local and national level, in a highly strategic frontier city

    Ce Qu'il Faut Dire, Détruire, Développer...: A propos de CQFD, mensuel de critique et d'expérimentation sociales

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    International audienceLe mensuel de « critique et d'expĂ©rimentation sociales » CQFD fĂȘtait ses dix ans de publication en mai 2013. A l'occasion de cette livraison de Variations sur la prise de parole, certains des animateurs et contributeurs de ce journal atypique, qui se reprĂ©sente lui-mĂȘme sous les traits d'un chien rouge Ă  la laisse brisĂ©e et aux crocs en avant, nous livrent une rĂ©flexion sur leurs activitĂ©s Ă©ditoriales. CQFD pour ce qu'il faut dire, dĂ©truire ou dĂ©velopper

    Vibrated polar disks: spontaneous motion, binary collisions, and collective dynamics

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    We study the spontaneous motion, binary collisions, and collective dynamics of "polar disks", i.e. purpose-built particles which, when vibrated between two horizontal plates, move coherently along a direction strongly correlated to their intrinsic polarity. The motion of our particles, although nominally three-dimensional and complicated, is well accounted for by a two-dimensional persistent random walk. Their binary collisions are spatiotemporally extended events during which multiple actual collisions happen, yielding a weak average effective alignment. We show that this well-controlled, "dry active matter" system can display collective motion with orientationally-ordered regions of the order of the system size. We provide evidence of strong number density in the most ordered regimes observed. These results are discussed in the light of the limitations of our system, notably those due to the inevitable presence of walls.Comment: 13 pages, 10 figures, 4 movie

    Detection of cryptographic algorithms with grap

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    The disassembled code of an executable program can be seen as a graph representing the possible sequence of instructions (Control Flow Graph). grap is a YARA-like tool, completely open-source, and able to detect graph patterns, defined by the analyst, within an executable program. We used grap to detect cryptographic algorithms: we created patterns for AES and ChaCha20 that are based on parts of the assembly code produced by compiling popular implementations (available in LibreSSL and libsodium). Our approach is thus based on the algorithms and their structure and does not rely on constant detection

    Custom-Shaped Carbon Xerogel Materials by 3D Printing

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    peer reviewedSol–gel-based carbon xerogels possess very promising properties for pollution abatement, using processes that associate adsorption and on-site electrochemical oxidation. However, combining a high exterior surface area (for efficient diffusion) and a monolithic shape (necessary for electrochemical processes) poses challenges. In this work, the shape of monolithic carbon xerogels was contrived by the use of 3D-printed molds. Several parameters were optimized: the choice of mold design, the choice of plastic, the 3D printer parameters, the solvent, and the process of dissolving the plastic. A design combining fine sticks and plates made of ABS was printed; a sol–gel carbon xerogel monolith was synthesized in it, and the mold was removed by using a combination of acetone and pyrolysis. Dissolving the plastic could be carried out by placing the material on a metallic net and leaving the dissolved ABS to settle. The resulting carbon material exhibits a high exterior surface area and good strength, leading to potential uses in the aforementioned process. The research shows that 3D printing is an efficient method of parameter optimization in pre-industrialization research, thanks to its flexibility, low cost, and ease of use

    Seismic surface wave focal spot imaging : numerical resolution experiments

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    Numerical experiments of seismic wave propagation in a laterally homogeneous layered medium explore subsurface imaging at subwavelength distances for dense seismic arrays. We choose a time-reversal approach to simulate fundamental mode Rayleigh surface wavefields that are equivalent to the cross-correlation results of three-component ambient seismic field records. We demonstrate that the synthesized 2-D spatial autocorrelation fields in the time domain support local or so-called focal spot imaging. Systematic tests involving clean isotropic surface wavefields but also interfering body wave components and anisotropic incidence assess the accuracy of the phase velocity and dispersion estimates obtained from focal spot properties. The results suggest that data collected within half a wavelength around the origin is usually sufficient to constrain the used Bessel functions models. Generally, the cleaner the surface wavefield the smaller the fitting distances that can be used to accurately estimate the local Rayleigh wave speed. Using models based on isotropic surface wave propagation we find that phase velocity estimates from vertical-radial component data are less biased by P-wave energy compared to estimates obtained from vertical-vertical component data, that even strong anisotropic surface wave incidence yields phase velocity estimates with an accuracy of 1 per cent or better, and that dispersion can be studied in the presence of noise. Estimates using a model to resolve potential medium anisotropy are significantly biased by anisotropic surface wave incidence. The overall accurate results obtained from near-field measurements using isotropic medium assumptions imply that dense array seismic Rayleigh wave focal spot imaging can increase the depth sensitivity compared to ambient noise surface wave tomography. The analogy to elastography focal spot medical imaging implies that a high station density and clean surface wavefields support subwavelength resolution of lateral medium variations.Peer reviewe

    Étude de la qualitĂ© des eaux usĂ©es des deux retenues du bassin du Gourou au carrefour de l’IndĂ©niĂ© Ă  Abidjan en 2012.

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    Objectif : Le dĂ©faut de filiĂšre de traitement des eaux usĂ©es a conduit Ă  la rĂ©alisation de ce travail avec pour objectif d’Étudier la qualitĂ© bactĂ©riologique des eaux usĂ©es dans les retenues de l’IndĂ©niĂ© contiguĂ«s aux grands collecteurs du bassin du gourou.MĂ©thodologie et RĂ©sultats : Les Ă©chantillons ont Ă©tĂ© prĂ©levĂ©s dans des bouteilles en verres et analysĂ©es suivant les mĂ©thodes de microbiologies classiques. Dans la retenue A, la concentration moyenne de coliformes totaux Ă©tait de 2,74.107 UFC/100mL. Celles des coliformes thermotolĂ©rants, E. coli et les streptocoques fĂ©caux, ont Ă©tĂ© respectivement de 1,49.107 UFC/100mL, 1,22.107 UFC/100mL et de 9,19.106 UFC/100mL. Dans la retenue B, la concentration moyenne de Coliformes totaux Ă©tait de 2,98.107 UFC/100mL. ConsidĂ©rant les Coliformes thermotolĂ©rants, E. coli et les streptocoques fĂ©caux, les charges moyennes ont Ă©tĂ© respectivement de 2,19.107 UFC/100mL, 1,72.107 UFC/100mL et de 1,32.107 UFC/100mL.Conclusion et application des rĂ©sultats : Les eaux des deux retenues Ă©tudiĂ©es prĂ©sentent une mauvaise qualitĂ© bactĂ©riologique eue Ă©gard aux concentrations des germes indicateurs de pollution fĂ©cale. En effet les concentrations en E. coli, Streptocoques fĂ©caux et coliformes totaux Ă©taient largement supĂ©rieurs aux normes OMS pour les eaux usĂ©es destinĂ©es Ă  ĂȘtre rejetĂ©e dans l’environnement sans risque sanitaire. Il apparait alors plus que nĂ©cessaire de crĂ©er des filiĂšres de traitement de ces eaux usĂ©es avant leur rejet dans le milieu naturel. Ce qui pourrait rĂ©duire les risques de pollution environnementale d’une part et sanitaire d’autre part. Les rĂ©sultats de ce travail posent aussi le problĂšme du mode d’utilisation des collecteurs et des retenus d’eaux usĂ©es qui passent pour ĂȘtre de vrais dĂ©potoirs.Mots clefs : Eaux UsĂ©es, pollution, risque sanitaire, indicateur
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