Die aktuelle Situation der Hochschulen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland

Vor einigen Tagen hat der deutsche Bundestag einen Beschluß gefaßt, der für die fast anderthalb Millionen Studenten, die in der Bundesrepublik gegenwärtig Fachhochschulen oder Universi-täten besuchen, eine frohe Nachricht war. Er hat die Unterhalts-stipendien für bedürftige Studenten, die bisher einige Jahre nach dem Abschluß des Studiums bis auf den letzten Pfennig zurück-gezahlt werden mußten, zur Hälfte als Zuschuß freigegeben. Damit ist vielen Studenten aus den sozialen Schichten, in denen ein Studium immer noch als eine Art von Luxus angesehen wird, der Weg zu den Hochschulen leichter gemacht

Historia é um esboço: a nova autenticidade narrativa na historiografia e no romance

For two centuries historiography and the novel have been developing in competition with one another in many respects. At the same time, they are both compelled to confirm the narrated event in a more detailed manner than before. The reasons for this lie in the fact that the educational advantage of the author over the reader is diminishing. Furthermore, as soon as the responsibility for the course of history is no longer attributed to individuals but rather to collective or impersonal historic forces, new patterns of representation become necessary for the historiographer and the novelist alike. They have responded to this emerging crisis of narration in various ways: by means of specialization, through pluralization of perspective, through description of structure rather than narration of events, and finally, through a radical avowal of the subjective judgment of the depicted events. The portion that any historiography shares with fiction as well as the present -and future - oriented character of history represented in the novel are thus legitimated.Há dois séculos a historiografia e o romance vêm se desenvolvendo, sob muitos aspectos, em tensa e estreita relação. Ambos são compelidos ao mesmo tempo a fundamentar o evento narrado de maneira mais detalhada do que anteriormente. As razões para isso residem no fato de que a vantagem educacional do autor sobre o leitor está diminuindo. Além disso, como a responsabilidade pelo curso da história é atribuida antes a forças históricas coletivas ou pessoais do que a indivíduos, novas modalidades de representação tornam-se necessárias tanto para o historiador como para o romancista. Eles reagiram a essa crise emergente da narração de diversas formas: por meios de especialização, através da pluralização de perspectivas, da descrição de estruturas mais do que pela narração de eventos e, por fim, através de uma confissão radical da subjetividade que rege o julgamento dos eventos retratados. A parcela que toda historiografia tem em comum com a ficção assim como o caráter voltado para o presente - ou para o futuro - da história representada no romance são assim legitimados

“Let’s hope there are some good girls” – sugar relationships and feminine respectability in post-independence Zambia

This essay examines the popular genre of sugar daddy stories in post-independence Zambia. Sugar relations in African history have typically been discussed using either a structuralist approach focusing on economic inequality and poverty, or one highlighting the individual agency of women in order to not present them as pawns, victims or dupes. Instead, this article zooms into the fantasies of observers of these relationships and the fluid feelings sugar babies provoke in them. Based on material from the Zambian youth magazine “Speak Out” between the 1980s and the 2000s, I argue that women engaged in sugar relations are seen to be unsettling as they potentially hold the power to dismantle adult men’s authority. Looking at the three most popular settings in which sugar stories unfold – the school, the workplace, and the national stage – this essay demonstrates that sugar stories are windows into gender dynamics and fragile masculinities, as well as into tensions around class, generation, and race. Feelings about these women range from jealousy and anxiety to fury and are inherent to a moral debate on disorder and corruption in the urban Copperbelt of Zambia