The Concept of Cosmos in Milesian Philosophy

Tämä tutkielma käsittelee kreikan sanan kosmos käyttöä aikaisessa esisokraattisessa filosofiassa, eli miletoslaisten Thaleen, Anaksimandroksen, sekä Anaksimeneen ajattelussa. Tutkielman tavoite on haastaa nykyään yleinen ajatus siitä, että miletoslaiset olisivat olleet puhtaita luonnonfilosofeja, tutkimalla moniselitteisen kosmos-sanan käyttöä. Tämä saavutetaan kokoamalla kaikki näitä ajattelijoita koskevat tekstit, joissa kyseinen sana esiintyy. Ensin tekstit käännetään alkukielestä ja ne analysoidaan filologisesti. Filologisten havaintojen perusteella tekstit asetetaan seuraavaksi niiden filosofiseen kontekstiin, jolloin voidaan osallistua kirjallisuudessa käytävään keskusteluun näiden ajattelijoiden kokonaisfilosofiasta. Lopuksi esitetään vielä excursus liittyen kahteen muuhun keskeiseen esisokraattiseen termiin, phusis ja arkhê. Taustalla tässä työtavassa on ajatus siitä, että esisokraattisen filosofian tutkimuksessa on vuosisatojen saatossa muodostanut tiettyjä perusoletuksia, jotka eivät kaikki ole perusteltuja. Onkin siis arvokasta perehtyä teksteihin itseensä mahdollisimman tarkasti ja systemaattisesti. Lopputuloksena todetaan, että tutkielma tuo esille arvokkaita uusia näkökulmia nykykeskusteluun miletoslaisesta filosofiasta sekä vakavasti kyseenalaistaa Aristoteleesta kumpuavan perinteen, jonka mukaan nämä filosofit olivat puhtaita luonnonfilosofeja. Suositellaan jatkotutkimusta kosmos-sanan käytössä miletoslaisia seuraavien esisokraattisten filosofien teksteissä pitäen mielessä sanan monimuotoisuus ja aristotelisen perinteen vaikutus nykykäsityksiin heidän filosofiastaan. Meillä on vielä opittavaa esisokraatikoista ja esisokraatikoilta

The virtuous smart city: Bridging the gap between ethical principles and practices of data-driven innovation

For smart cities, data-driven innovation promises societal benefits and increased well-being for residents and visitors. At the same time, the deployment of data-driven innovation poses significant ethical challenges. Although cities and other public-sector actors have increasingly adopted ethical principles, employing them in practice remains challenging. In this commentary, we use a virtue-based approach that bridges the gap between abstract principles and the daily work of practitioners who engage in and with data-driven innovation processes. Inspired by Aristotle, we describe practices of data-driven innovation in a smart city applying the concepts of virtue and phronêsis, meaning good judgment of and sensitivity to ethical issues. We use a dialogic case-study approach to study two cases of data-driven innovation in the city of Helsinki. We then describe as an illustration of how our approach can help bridge the gap between concrete practices of data-driven innovation and high-level principles. Overall, we advance a theoretically grounded, virtue-based approach, which is practice oriented and linked to the daily work of data scientists and other practitioners of data-driven innovation. Further, this approach helps understand the need for and importance of individual application of phronêsis, which is particularly important in public-sector organizations that can experience gaps between principle and practice. This importance is further intensified in cases of data-driven innovation in which, by definition, novel and unknown contexts are explored

A computational approach to lexical polysemy in Ancient Greek

Peer reviewe

Alchemy & algorithms : perspectives on the philosophy and history of open science

Peer reviewe

Alchemy & algorithms: perspectives on the philosophy and history of open science

This paper gives the reader a chance to experience, or revisit, PHOS16: a conference on the History and Philosophy of Open Science. In the winter of 2016, we invited a varied international group to engage with these topics at the University of Helsinki, Finland. Our aim was a critical assessment of the defining features, underlying narratives, and overall objectives of the contemporary open science movement. The event brought together contemporary open science scholars, publishers, and advocates to discuss the philosophical foundations and historical roots of openness in academic research. The eight sessions combined historical views with more contemporary perspectives on topics such as transparency, reproducibility, collaboration, publishing, peer review, research ethics, as well as societal impact and engagement. We gathered together expert panelists and 15 invited speakers who have published extensively on these topics, which allowed us to engage in a thorough and multifaceted discussion. Together with our involved audience we charted the role and foundations of openness of research in our time, considered the accumulation and dissemination of scientific knowledge, and debated the various technical, legal, and ethical challenges of the past and present. In this article, we provide an overview of the topics covered at the conference as well as individual video interviews with each speaker. In addition to this, all the talks were recorded and they are offered here as an openly licensed community resource in both video and audio form.</p

A computational approach to lexical polysemy in Ancient Greek

Language is a complex and dynamic system. If we consider word meaning, which is the scope of lexical semantics, we observe that some words have several meanings, thus displaying lexical polysemy. For example, head in English means the body part and a group leader. This situation may change over time, giving rise to semantic change, whereby a word acquires new meanings or loses existing ones. For example, tweet refers to the chirp of small birds, but in recent years it has been used also to refer to a post on Twitter (cf. e.g. entry ‘tweet, v.’ in the Oxford English Dictionary). Sometimes two meanings coexist before one takes over, as in the case of the French word témoin ‘person giving testimony’, which originated from the Old French tesmoin ‘testimony/person giving testimony’, and derived from the Classical Latin word testimonium ‘testimony’ (Koch 2016: 25).This work was supported by The Alan Turing Institute [EPSRC grant EP/N510129/1, SF0042 to B.McG.]

Alchemy &amp;amp; algorithms: perspectives on the philosophy and history of open science

This paper gives the reader a chance to experience, or revisit, PHOS16: a conference on the History and Philosophy of Open Science. In the winter of 2016, we invited a varied international group to engage with these topics at the University of Helsinki, Finland. Our aim was to critically assess the defining features, underlying narratives, and overall objectives of the open science movement. The event brought together contemporary open science scholars, publishers, and advocates to discuss the philosophical foundations and historical roots of openness in academic research. The eight sessions combined historical views with more contemporary perspectives on topics such as transparency, reproducibility, collaboration, publishing, peer review, research ethics, as well as societal impact and engagement. We gathered together expert panellists and 15 invited speakers who have published extensively on these topics, allowing us to engage in a thorough and multifaceted discussion. Together with our involved audience we charted the role and foundations of openness of research in our time, considered the accumulation and dissemination of scientific knowledge, and debated the various technical, legal, and ethical challenges of the past and present. In this article, we provide an overview of the topics covered at the conference as well as individual video interviews with each speaker. In addition to this, all the talks, Q&amp;amp;A sessions, and interviews were recorded and they are offered here as an openly licensed community resource in both video and audio form

MyData:applying human-centric principles to health data

Abstract Modern data legislation increasingly empowers citizens, and therefore patients, with rights to access and control their health data. The mechanisms needed to exercise modern data rights are currently underdeveloped and underserving individuals and societies. MyData is the human-centric approach to shift the power of personal data more equitably into the hands of individuals as part of a fair data economy. In this article, we present different scenarios that apply the MyData principles for human-centric control of health data. These scenarios demonstrate the potential of the human-centric approach for turning data rights into truly actionable points for policy makers, healthcare stakeholders, and medical communicators