Transmedia history

Abstract In this paper, I argue that history is a large-scale transmedia project that is not understood as such, and this causes friction when history is engaged with through media in which historical research is not usually presented. To do this, I go through Henry Jenkins’ ten-step definition of transmedia and argue that history matches the definition very well. This transmedia discussion brings forth the concept of ‘world-building’, in which narrative is superseded by world-building as the all-encompassing concept and as the beginning point of analysis. In the analysis, history (as a product of historiography) is treated as phenomenon instead of a discipline and compared to other forms of transmedia world-building

The development of the Finnish banking industry from a partnership perspective

Abstract The focal study initially describes the development of the banking industry in Finland, then analyses the development of banking partnerships, and concludes by applying the findings about partnership development to the banking industry in order to increase our understanding of the industry development, especially of the development of the nature and structure of a typical banking firm. In this study, banking partnerships and co-operation is the perspective from which industry development is studied. The study constructs a framework of reasons for entering partnerships from three theoretical views. The partnership-specific view explains the reasons based on the benefits that a partnership may produce for a bank. Industry-specific view explains the reasons based on the banking industry paradigm, i.e. what are the general banking logic features that could explain the change in partnership entering reasons and how those features have developed. The external view explains the reasons from the environmental level, specifically environmental attribute and changes that can stimulate partnership entry. Examining partnership entry reasons through these three-levels and the different emphasis of each view improves both the theoretical understanding of the reasons banks enter partnerships as well as our understanding of the development of banking industry. The development of the vertically integrated banking model towards a more core-competence specialised one describes the development of banking logic. In the continuum of the logic in Finland, the focus of customer service on core competences places the customer service at the centre of the integration of business functions and disciplines. On the other hand, the growing need for economies of scale does not allow a domestic or regional bank to maintain a great deal of the existing proprietary manufacturing. This means that an entire service can and has to be manufactured outside the bank's own hierarchy. The production of banking services are transforming from the traditional proprietary manufacturing model to a three-levelled model. A great part of the existing production will be outsourced because of the increasing need for scale of economies. In other words, economies of scale will be purchased instead of proprietary manufacturing. The second level is formed by such banking services that have certain needs for the economies of scale, but in addition, qualities like flexibility are important factors in the production. The need of scale forces domestic and regional banks to move the manufacturing outside of the focal bank, but the need of qualities highlights partnership-like needs in the selection of the producer. The third level is the "manufacturing" of tacit personal services, in which the economies of scale is absent. For Finnish banks, this layer forms the core of their proprietary operation

Engaging history in the media:building a framework for interpreting historical presentations as worlds

Abstract This dissertation suggests that historical presentations should be understood as literary worlds. It studies how they are engaged with in the current media environment. The concept of a world offers a novel way of analysing how presentations are identified as being specifically historical presentations. In the case of the traditional written history, the identification of historical worlds is determined by contrasting their implied world-state at the present moment against the actual world’s world-state at the present moment with the help of counterfactual heuristics. This is done because the evidence of any e.g. past events can only be evaluated in the present as the past itself is inaccessible. The dissertation approaches the evaluation of history from a presentist point of view. It is argued that within the digital media environment, historical presentations are intuitively interpreted as incomplete presentations or as fragments of a larger whole. The functioning of historical presentations is examined as part of a large media network. History’s availability through a variety of media is then analysed through the concepts of transmedia and remediation. It is concluded that history is necessarily mediated and that the current media environment is changing how history is being engaged with.Tiivistelmä Väitöskirja ehdottaa, että historiallisia esityksiä tulisi käsitellä kirjallisina maailmoina. Samalla tarkastellaan, kuinka historiallisia esityksiä kohdataan nykyisessä digitaalisessa mediaympäristössä. Maailmojen tarjoama käsitteellinen viitekehys antaa mahdollisuuden analysoida, kuinka historialliset esitykset tunnistetaan juuri historiallisiksi (eikä joksikin muuksi). Perinteisen kirjoitetussa muodossa esiintyvän historian tunnistamisen analyysin kohdalla esitetään, että historiallisten maailmojen implikoidun nykyhetken maailmantilaa verrataan kontrafaktuaalisen heuristiikan avulla aktuaalisen maailman nykyhetken maailmantilaan. Historiallisten väitteiden tueksi esitettävää todistusaineistoa on mahdollista arvioida vain nykyhetkessä, koska meillä ei ole pääsyä itse menneisyyteen. Näin ollen historiallisia maailmoja ei voida verrata suoraan aktuaaliseen menneisyyteen. Väitöskirja lähestyykin siis historian arviointia presentistisestä näkökulmasta. Väitöskirjassa esitetään myös näkemys, jonka mukaan nykyinen mediaympäristömme toimii siten, että se ohjaa meitä intuitiivisesti käsittelemään kaikkia historiallisia esityksiä epätäydellisinä sirpaleina, jotka näyttävät vain välähdyksen suuremmasta kokonaisuudesta. Historialliset esitykset nähdäänkin analyysissa osana laajempaa verkostoitunutta mediaa. Tämä laajennetaan transmedia-analyysiksi siitä, kuinka historiaa kohdataan ja levitetään populaarissa mediassa. Tämän pohjalta esitetään näkemys, jonka mukaan historia on välttämättä välittynyttä ja nykyinen mediaympäristö on muuttamassa suhdettamme historiallisiin esityksiin

“Tuvan täydeltä teoriaa”:kirja-arvio Menneisyyden rakentajat – teoriat historiantutkimuksessa (toim. Matti O. Hannikainen, Mirkka Danielsbacka ja Tuomas Tepora) teoksesta

Kirja-arvostelu Matti O. Hannikainen, Mirkka Danielsbacka & Tuomas Tepora (toim.): Menneisyyden rakentajat. Teoriat historiantutkimuksessa. Gaudeamus 2018. 341 s. ISBN 978‐952‐459‐4

Historian esitysmuodoista

Lectio Praecursoria 7.12.2019 Lähteenmäki, Ilkka (2019) Engaging history in the media : building a framework for interpreting historical presentations as worlds. Acta Universitatis Ouluensis. B, Humaniora 174. Oulu: University of Oulu. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526224503

Institutional logics as inhibitors or levers?:the case of mobile payments in Finland

Abstract This chapter aims to explore what kind of institutional barriers companies must overcome in order to innovate a new mobile payment service. A qualitative case study of mobile payment development in Finnish financial sector is applied to explore institutional factors affecting innovation in payment services. Major findings suggest that the institutional factors (cultural-cognitive, normative, and regulative) affect innovation of mobile payment services in highly institutionalized settings. In addition to defining those barriers, in this study we find that start-ups can use institutional barriers of traditional incumbents as levers for their own innovations

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/‘proxy’ AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/‘proxy’ AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele