The Optimal Rubbling Number of Ladders, Prisms and M\"obius-ladders

A pebbling move on a graph removes two pebbles at a vertex and adds one pebble at an adjacent vertex. Rubbling is a version of pebbling where an additional move is allowed. In this new move, one pebble each is removed at vertices $v$ and $w$ adjacent to a vertex $u$, and an extra pebble is added at vertex $u$. A vertex is reachable from a pebble distribution if it is possible to move a pebble to that vertex using rubbling moves. The optimal rubbling number is the smallest number $m$ needed to guarantee a pebble distribution of $m$ pebbles from which any vertex is reachable. We determine the optimal rubbling number of ladders ($P_n\square P_2$), prisms ($C_n\square P_2$) and M\"oblus-ladders

Twenty new species of fifteen genera of the Afrotropical Sphaeroceridae (Diptera)

Twenty new species of fifteen genera of the Afrotropical Sphaeroceridae are described and illustrated in two subfamilies Achaetothorax mahunkaorum sp. n. (Kenya) and Norrbomia paragravis sp. n. (R.S.A.) in Copromyzinae and Ceropterella mirifica sp. n. (Namibia), Elachisoma simillimum sp. n. (R.S.A.), Gonitella inornata sp. n. (R.S.A.), Gonitella structuralis sp. n. (D.R. Congo), Minilimosina (M.) selecta sp. n. (R.S.A.), Minilimosina (Svarciella) rohaceki sp. n. (R.S.A.), Nudopella erratica sp. n. (R.S.A.), Nudopella marshalli sp. n. (R.S.A.), Nudopella pseudoperta sp. n., (R.S.A.), Paraminilimosina similis sp. n. (Tanzania, Nigeria), Parapoecilosomella formosa sp. n. (D.R. Congo), Philocoprella africana sp. n. (R.S.A.), Phthitia incognata sp. n. (R.S.A.), Phthitia (Kimosina) vulgaris sp. n. (R.S.A), Piliterga africana sp. n. (Nigeria, Tanzania), Setositibiella secunda sp. n. (Burundi), Spelobia foldvarii sp. n. (Tanzania), Terrilimosina improvisa sp. n. (Congo) in Limosininae. New records are provided for some other species. With 173 original figures

Orientális legyek taxonómiai kutatása = Taxonomic research on Oriental Diptera

A hiányosan illetve egyenetlenül ismert orientális legyek taxonómiai vizsgálatának elősegítésére két gyűjtőutat bonyolítottunk le: Tajvanra 2003-ban és Thaiföldre 2004-ben. A terepen mikroszkóp alatt válogattuk ki az értékes példányokat, amellyel a ritka példányok megszerzését nagyban elősegítettük. Az új taxonokat olyan színvonalon kellett leírnom, hogy az a típuspéldányok későbbi vizsgálatát szükségtelenné tegye. A két gyűjtőút alatt megszerzett gyűjteményi példányok (18000) az MTM légygyűjteményében a további feldolgozások után tovább erősítik azt az egész világon elismert pozíciót, amelyet Múzeumunk az orientális rovargyűjteményei révén elért. A pályázatban szereplő egyetlen kutatóként 14 angol nyelvű publikációt készítettem, mindegyik tárgya új taxon(ok) leírása. Összesen 10, a tudomány számára új génuszt, 2 alnemet, 73 új fajt írtam le, illetve a Sciarokeroplatinae L. Papp & Sevcík, 2005 (Keroplatidae) a legyek új alcsaládja. A közleményekhez közel 350 mikroszkópi rajzot készítettem. Megállapítottam, hogy ellentétben a palaearktikus (és részben az afrotropikus) régióval, ahol a Coproica fajok uralják a nagytestű emlősök trágyacsomóit, bizonyosnak látszik, hogy az orientális régióban két (vagy három) még le sem írott génusz fajai a dominánsak (helyenként a leírás alatt álló Chaetopodella fajokkal együtt). | The Oriental species of the individual dipterous families are inadequately and rather unevenly known. The aim of this project was to reduce all these deficiencies to some extent by descriptions of new genera and species. Two collection trips were made to Taiwan in 2003 and to Thailand in 2004 (one month each). We applied the simple and effective method of selecting individuals in the field, by which obtaining specimens of rare species is strongly increased. We promised to make publications, whose quality would make later re-examinations of the type specimens unnecessary. During this three-year project for a single researcher, 14 papers, each with descriptions of new dipterous taxa, were published. Altogether ten genera new to science, two new subgenera and 73 new species were described. Sciarokeroplatinae L. Papp & Sevcík, 2005 (Keroplatidae) is a new subfamily of Diptera. The papers included representatives of ten dipterous families new for the fauna of Taiwan and twenty-two families new to Thailand. The Diptera collection in the Hungarian Natural History Museum was much enriched with 18000 specimens from the Oriental region. It was found that while some species of Coproica dominate the dung of large hoofers in the Palaearctic (and partly in the Afrotropical) region, in the Oriental region species of two or three, still undescribed genera are characteristic (at some sites together with species of Chaetopodella under description)

Út az egységes szabdalmi oltalom és az Egységes Szabadalmi Bíróság felé

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Current concept on the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease-crosstalk between genetic and microbial factors: Pathogenic bacteria and altered bacterial sensing or changes in mucosal integrity take "toll"?

The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is only partially understood. Various environmental and host (e.g. genetic-, epithelial-, immune and non-immune) factors are involved. It is a multifactorial polygenic disease with probable genetic heterogeneity. Some genes are associated with IBD itself, while others increase the risk of ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD) or are associated with disease location and/or behaviour. This review addresses recent advances in the genetics of IBD. The article discusses the current information on the crosstalk between microbial and genetic factors (e.g. NOD2/CARD15, SLC22A46A5 and DLG5). The genetic data acquired in recent years help in understanding the pathogenesis of IBD and can identify a number of potential targets for therapeutic intervention. In the future, genetics may help more accurately diagnose and predict disease course in IBD

Aufnahme- und Erfassungstechniken Raumbezogener Daten zum Aufbau und zur Aktualisierung von Dreidimensionalen Gebäudeinformationssystemen

The construction and maintenance of buildings demand a great number of technical and design information. As tools of information acquirement maps, plans, metric photographs are available. Usually, the available data is treated independently and this can lead to mixing up the data and in consequence to not satisfactory preparation of the decision making process. The volume of the available information related to the buildings and their environment is growing continuously, it cannot be processed without proper tools, thus the decision making is impossible in the lack of those. The Building Information System (BIS) containing geometric, utility and graphical data aims at the solution of these problems. The capture of utility and geometric data related to the buildings can be performed directly (primary data capture) or indirectly (secondary data capture). In the first case the data is captured directly from the building or its digital image. The direct acquisition of utility data frequently can be linked to the acquisition of the building`s geometry. By secondary data capture, data are digitized from existing data sets (plans, other materials). In primary data capture one can apply the methods of surveying and photogrammetry. In the first case it is advantageous to use equipment and methods providing electronic recording of digital data. In the second case both the traditional and digital methods of photogrammetry are in use. The methods of secondary data capture are based on such archive materials as maps, plans, metric images. In this case two ways are applied for filling up the BIS: digitizing of existing maps, plans, photogrammetric images, and taking over of existing digital data sets. To the latter method we have to make the comment that the design realized by some kind of up to date CAD software results in data which is suitable, if checked properly, for direct transfer to the BIS. In this case we need converter modules for transferring the data without any loss. Theoretical studies in our days and also practical experience show that the methods of data capture and data processing related to geometric and utility data for BIS should be developed with consideration of local circumstances and possibilities. If separately applied, the photogrammetric or surveying approach can deliver only a part of the required three-dimensional information for building description. Therefore in the practice several methods are combined for data capture, to ensure the economical way of building up the geometric and utility data set