Video Resolution Enhancement using DWT, SWT and CLAHE

One of an image details which has been always an vital concern in various image and video-processing applications, such as video resolution enhancement, feature extraction, and satellite image resolution enhancement is resolution. In recent advances Video Resolution enhancement has been envisioned to help in numerous applications and has turned out to be a hot research area. This opens up several technical challenges and immense application possibilities. The paper describes the three main categories - Contrast limited adaptive histogram equalisation (CLAHE), Discrete Wavelet Transform(DWT), Stationary Wavelet Transform(SWT). DWT uses filter for building the multi-resolution. SWT is an extension of the Standard Discrete Wavelet Transform to enhance the general details of an image. This study presents a novel resolution enhancement methods with future research are

The effects of epidural analgesia in normal labour

Background: Epidural analgesia is considered to be gold standard technique for labour analgesia but is claimed to prolong labour. Previous studies have evaluated epidural analgesia versus systemic opioids to no analgesia. The present study evaluated the effect of epidural analgesia on duration of labour compared to no analgesia.Methods: Sixty primigravida with full term-singleton, vertex presentation in spontaneous labour were included in the study. Parturient willing for epidural analgesia were allocated as epidural group (n=30), rest served as control. The intervention in active stage of labour included 10 ml of Inj. Bupivacaine 0.125% and Inj. Fentanyl 100μg and maintenance with infusion of Inj. Bupivacaine 0.125% and Inj. Fentanyl 2μg/ml added at a rate of 6-8 ml/hr. Duration of the first two stages of labour, patient satisfaction, side effects, number of instrumental vaginal/ vacuum-assisted deliveries, and neonatal APGAR score were recorded.Results: The mean duration of first stage of labour was shorter in epidural group (250.17±106.33 minutes) compared with control (302.00±111.99 minutes), (p= 0.071). The mean duration of second stage in epidural group was (18.73±6.82 minutes) compared with control (18.33±14.53 minutes) was not significant (p= 0.892). Although instrumental vaginal delivery rate was greater in the epidural group (6.7%) as compared to control (3.3%), (p=1.000). Pain score (VAPS) varied between1-3 and 4-10 in epidural group and control respectively (p< 0.001). The APGAR scores at 5 min and neonatal ICU admissions were statistically comparable.Conclusions: Epidural analgesia with Bupivacaine and Fentanyl results in good pain relief with undue prolongation of labour

Design and Fabrication of Little gourd cutter

Plywood base was used as a platform to place the entire equipment. Stainless steel blade was attached to the shaft of motor of 240V which acts as cutting unit. Stainless steel cylinder with supporting iron rod is used for feeding little gourds. A rectangular frame made up of metallic stands was used as main frame and supporting main units. A collection tray made up of metal sheet was used for collection of slices. Moisture content of little gourds was 85%. The dimensions of little gourds were measured using digital Vernier callipers and weight of each little gourd was measured using electronic weighing balance. Average length and diameter of little gourds were found to be 17.93mm and 18.88mm respectively. The other parameters like Sphericity, roundness, cylindrical and elliptical were found to be 0.14cm, 3.73cm2, 19.87cm3 and 0.89cm-3 respectively. Average weight of the little gourds were found to be 16.5g. The surface area and bulk density of little gourds were found to be 180.6 sq.cm and 500 kg/m3. Performance evaluation of little gourd cutter was performed where slicing operation was performed at different motor speeds and voltages. High motor speed with voltage of 240V gave slices of 0.75mm which were suitable for household consumption

Taxi Ride Based on Voice Alert System

Previous applications are not well efficient as they provide voice alerts only for the tagged locations whereas in this application voice alerts are given for any location to the user, in terms of time and distance. It would be useful even when we are out of home language/place. It is an integration of Google Maps and voice Alert. In this application, once the cab is booked it gives voice alert to the user about its current location and time it would reach the user\u27s location. This application also allows the user to know about the required nearby locations. The user can also pin any new landmark for their personal USAge into Google maps

Formulation and evaluation of herbal face cream with green tea extract

Face cream is a semi-solid preparation for improving skin colour. The purposes of the present research work was to formulate and evaluate herbal face cream with green tea extract, turmeric, aloe vera gel as a skin toner. Herbal creams offer several advantages over synthetic creams. The majority of existing creams which has prepared from drugs of synthetic origin and gives extras fairness to face, but it has several side effects such as itching or several allergic reactions. Herbal creams do not have any of these side effects, without side effects it gives the nourishment to skin. Method carried out to prepare herbal cream was vanishing cream formulation. Firstly, oil phase was prepared, Secondly aqueous phase was prepared. Then aqueous phase was added into the oil phase at 700 c with continuous stirring. Now, once the transfer was completed it was allowed to come at room temperature all the while being stirred. Perfume was added at last just before the finished product was transferred to suitable container. The above prepared herbal cream was evaluated with parameters such as pH, homogeneity by visual and by touch, appearance (colour), rub out (spread ability, wetness), washability, consistency and emolliency. The study suggests that the composition of extract and the base of the cream F1 are more stable and safe

Utjecaj superdezintegratora na oslobađanje efavirenca iz tableta

Efavirenz (EFV) tablets of different doses were prepared by a wet granulation process using different superdisintegrants such as crosscarmellose sodium (CCS), sodium starch glycollate (SSG) and crosspovidone (CP) to evaluate the role of different disintegrants on the in vitro release of EFV. Further, the mode of addition of disintegrants on EFV dissolution from tablets containing 600 mg of the drug was evaluated by incorporating the disintegrant extragranularly (EG), intragranularly (IG) or distributing them equally (IG and EG). In vitro dissolution of the prepared tablets was conducted using the recommended medium and a dissolution medium developed in-house, which had the propensity to discriminate between the formulations. The t50 and t80 values were indicative of the fact that drug release was faster from tablet formulations containing CP. CP was able to release the drug faster than the other two disintegrants in both dissolution media and the drug release was unaffected by the mode of CP addition.U radu je opisana priprava tableta s različitim dozama efavirenca (EFV) metodom vlažne granulacije. Za tabletiranje korišteni su različiti superdezintegratori, poput natrijeve kroskarameloze (CCS), natrijeva škrobnog glikolata (SSG) i krospovidona (CP), kako bi se procijenio utjecaj vrste i načina dodavanja dezintegratora na oslobađanje EFV in vitro. U tu svrhu pripravljene su tablete sa 600 mg EFV, a dezintegrator je dodavan ekstragranularno (EG), intragranularno (IG) ili je bio podjednako raspršen (IG i EG). In vitro oslobađanje praćeno je u preporučenom mediju i mediju izrađenom u našem laboratoriju kako bi se uočila razlika između formulacija. Vrijednosti t50 i t80 ukazuju na to da je oslobađanje lijeka brže iz formulacija koje sadrže CP u oba medija. Način dodavanja CP nema utjecaj na oslobađanje lijeka, osim za CCS, gdje se ekstragranularno dodavanje pokazalo povoljnijim

Neurologic improvement after thoracic, thoracolumbar, and lumbar spinal cord (conus medullaris) injuries

Study Design. Retrospective. Objective. With approximately 10,000 new spinal cord injury (SCI) patients in the United States each year, predicting public health outcomes is an important public health concern. Combining all regions of the spine in SCI trials may be misleading if the lumbar and sacral regions (conus) have a neurologic improvement at different rates than the thoracic or thoracolumbar spinal cord. Summary of Background Data. Over a 10-year period between January 1995 to 2005, 1746 consecutive spinal injured patients were seen, evaluated, and treated through a level 1 trauma referral center. A retrospective analysis was performed on 150 patients meeting the criteria of T4 to S5 injury, excluding gunshot wounds. One-year follow-up data were available on 95 of these patients. Methods. Contingency table analyses (chi-squared statistics) and multivariate logistic regression. Variables of interest included level of injury, initial American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA), age, race, and etiology. Results. A total of 92.9% of lumbar (conus) patients neurologically improved one ASIA level or more compared with 22.4% of thoracic or thoracolumbar spinal cord-injured patients. Only 7.7% of ASIA A patients showed neurologic improvement, compared with 95.2% of ASIA D patients; ASIA B patients demonstrated a 66.7% improvement rate, whereas ASIA C had a 84.6% improvement rate. When the two effects were considered jointly in a multivariate analysis, ASIA A and thoracic/thoracolumbar patients had only a 4.1% rate of improvement, compared with 96% for lumbar (conus) and incomplete patients (ASIA B-D) and 66.7% to 72.2% for the rest of the patients. All of these relationships were significant to P \u3c 0.001 (chi-square test). There was no link to age or gender, and race and etiology were secondary to region and severity of injury. Conclusion. Thoracic (T4-T9) SCIs have the least potential for neurologic improvement. Thoracolumbar (T10-T12) and lumbar (conus) spinal cord have a greater neurologic improvement rate, which might be related to a greater proportion of lower motor neurons. Thus, defining the exact region of injury and potential for neurologic improvement should be considered in future clinical trial design. Combining all anatomic regions of the spine in SCI trials may be misleading if different regions have neurologic improvement at different rates. Over a ten-year period, 95 complete thoracic/thoracolumbar SCI patients had only a 4.1% rate of neurologic improvement, compared with 96.0% for incomplete lumbar (conus) patients and 66.7% to 72.2% for all others

One-carbon metabolism in cancer

Cells require one-carbon units for nucleotide synthesis, methylation and reductive metabolism, and these pathways support the high proliferative rate of cancer cells. As such, anti-folates, drugs that target one-carbon metabolism, have long been used in the treatment of cancer. Amino acids, such as serine are a major one-carbon source, and cancer cells are particularly susceptible to deprivation of one-carbon units by serine restriction or inhibition of de novo serine synthesis. Recent work has also begun to decipher the specific pathways and sub-cellular compartments that are important for one-carbon metabolism in cancer cells. In this review we summarise the historical understanding of one-carbon metabolism in cancer, describe the recent findings regarding the generation and usage of one-carbon units and explore possible future therapeutics that could exploit the dependency of cancer cells on one-carbon metabolism

Measurement and Reproducibility of Preserved Ellipsoid Zone Area and Preserved Retinal Pigment Epithelium Area in Eyes With Choroideremia

PURPOSE: To identify valid and reproducible methods for quantifying anatomic outcome measures for eyes with choroideremia (CHM) in clinical trials. DESIGN: Reliability analysis study. METHODS: In this multicenter study, patients with confirmed genetic diagnosis of CHM were enrolled. All cases underwent spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging. Two graders independently delineated boundaries of preserved autofluorescence (PAF) and pre-served ellipsoid zone (EZ) on FAF and OCT images, respectively. The results of the 2 independent gradings of both FAF and OCT images were compared to assess the reproducibility of the grading methods. RESULTS: A total of 148 eyes from 75 cases were included. In 21% of eyes PAF and in 43% of eyes preserved EZ had extended beyond the image capture area. After exclusion of these eyes and low-quality images, 114 FAF and 77 OCT images were graded. The mean PAF areas from 2 independent gradings were 3.720 +/- 3.340 mm(2) and 3.692 +/- 3.253 mm2, respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for these gradings was 0.996. The mean preserved EZ areas from 2 independent gradings were 2.746 +/- 2.319 mm2 and 2.858 2.446 mm2, respectively. ICC for these gradings was 0.991. CONCLUSIONS: Quantifying preserved retinal pigment epithelium and EZ areas on FAF and OCT images, respectively, in CHM patients is highly reproducible. These variables would be potential anatomic outcome measures for CHM clinical trials and could be studied and tracked longitudinally in choroideremia. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe