Stan wdrożenia modelu nauczania skoncentrowanego na studentach i studentkach na polskich uczelniach wyższych

Student-Centered Learning, i.e. education concentrated on students, is one of the basic ideas influencing the evaluation of higher education in Europe within the program of the Bolognese Process, and on the local level - of works on the Domestic Framework of Classification. The article is discussing history and assumptions of the Student-Centered Learning (SCL), and is also an attempt to diagnose the functioning of the SCL policy in Polish higher education. The article is presenting the results of the research conducted with the participation of 336 studying persons (43% men, 57% women) in 50 colleges in 19 Polish cities. The research were conducted in the form of online questionnaire, constructed on the basis of a checklist published in Student-Centered Learning - Toolkit for Students, Staff and Higher Education Institutions (Attard, Di Jorio, Geven and Santa, 2010) taking into consideration the specifics of Polish universities. The discussion of the results is presented in the context of factors obstructing the implementation of the idea of education concentrated on students in Polish higher education.Student-Centered Learning, czyli kształcenie skoncentrowane na osobach studiujących, jest jedną z podstawowych idei wpływających na ewolucję szkolnictwa wyższego w Europie w ramach realizacji programu Procesu Bolońskiego, a na poziomie lokalnym – prac nad Krajowymi Ramami Kwalifikacji. Artykuł omawia historię i założenia Student- Centered Learning (SCL), a także jest próbą zdiagnozowania funkcjonowania polityki SCL w polskim szkolnictwie wyższym. Artykuł prezentuje wyniki badania przeprowadzonego z udziałem 336 osób studiujących (43% mężczyzn, 57% kobiet) na 50 uczelniach wyższych w 19 miastach polskich. Badania zostały przeprowadzone w formie kwestiona- riusza online, skonstruowanego na podstawie listy kontrolnej zamieszczonej w publikacji Student-Centered Learning – Toolkit for Students, Staff and Higher Education Institutions (Attard, Di Jorio, Geven i Santa, 2010) z uwzględnieniem specyfiki polskich uczelni wyż- szych. Omówienie wyników zaprezentowane jest w kontekście czynników, które utrud- niają wprowadzenie idei kształcenia skoncentrowanego na studentach i studentkach w polskim szkolnictwie wyższym

Analiza zaburzeń snu pośród personelu anestezjologicznego pracującego na bloku operacyjnym i oddziałach intensywnej terapii — badanie prospektywne, porównawcze z wykorzystaniem Ateńskiej Skali Bezsenności

Introduction. Good quality of sleep and feeling well are important issues for health and employee productivity especially for people with highly demanding jobs. Nursing personnel have to confront with significant mental and physical challenges. Shift work can lead to many health problems including: anxiety, insomnia, obesity or high blood pressure. Aim. The study examined the occurrence of sleep disorders among nursing personnel employed in operating theatres and intensive therapy units. Material and Methods. The study was prospective, comparative and descriptive nature. The project was carried out between January 1th and April 31th 2019. The study covered 180 medical personnel employed in Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy Departments in five different hospitals. Data were collected on the basis of a standardised tool of the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) as well as an original interview questionnaire. Results. The study showed that 65.6% (N = 118) of respondents experienced sleeping problems, manifested by frequent awakenings at night. For more than forty-five percent (45.6%; N = 82) of nurses, the time of their sleep is not sufficient, and more than 60% (N = 109) of respondents feel sleepiness. The in-depth analyses provide a statistically significant dependence between the quality of sleep and the use of sleeping drugs (Z = –1.95; p = 0.050). Conclusions. A nursing personnel working in the intensive therapy and operating room theatre wards suffer from sleep disorders related to insomnia; the symptoms of insomnia in this professional group include awakening at night and sleepiness during the day; male nurses have a far better quality of sleep compared to females nurses. (JNNN 2022;11(3):105–113)Wstęp. Dobra jakość snu i dobre samopoczucie są ważnymi kwestiami dla zdrowia i wydajności pracowników, szczególnie zaś w przypadku osób wykonujących bardzo wymagające zawody. Personel pielęgniarski musi stawić czoła poważnym wyzwaniom psychicznym i fizycznym. Praca zmianowa może prowadzić do wielu problemów zdrowotnych, w tym: lęku, bezsenności, otyłości czy wysokiego ciśnienia krwi. Cel. W pracy zbadano występowanie zaburzeń snu wśród personelu pielęgniarskiego zatrudnionego na salach operacyjnych i oddziałach intensywnej terapii. Materiał i metody. Badanie miało charakter prospektywny, porównawczy, opisowy. Projekt był realizowany od 1 stycznia do 31 kwietnia 2019 roku. Badaniem objęto 180 pracowników medycznych zatrudnionych na Oddziałach Anestezjologii i Intensywnej Terapii w pięciu różnych szpitalach. Dane zebrano na podstawie wystandaryzowanego narzędzia Ateńskiej Skali Bezsenności (AIS) oraz autorskiego kwestionariusza wywiadu. Wyniki. Badanie wykazało, że 65,6% (N = 118) respondentów miało problemy ze snem, objawiające się częstymi wybudzeniami w nocy. Dla ponad 45% pielęgniarek (45,6%; N = 82) czas ich snu był niewystarczający, a ponad 60% (N = 109) badanych odczuwało senność. Pogłębione analizy dostarczały statystycznie istotnej zależności pomiędzy jakością snu a zażywaniem środków nasennych (Z = –1,95; p = 0,050). Wnioski. Personel pielęgniarski pracujący na oddziałach intensywnej terapii i sali operacyjnej cierpi na zaburzenia snu związane z bezsennością; objawy bezsenności w tej grupie zawodowej obejmują budzenie się w nocy i senność w ciągu dnia; pielęgniarki płci męskiej mają znacznie lepszą jakość snu niż pielęgniarki płci żeńskiej. (PNN 2022;11(3):105–113

The synthesis and structural characterization of graft copolymers composed of γ-PGA backbone and oligoesters pendant chains

© 2017 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society. This is an open access article available under a Creative Commons licence. The published version can be accessed at the following link on the publisher’s website: https://doi.org/10.1021/jasms.8b05393The novel copolymers composed of poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) and oligoesters have been developed. The structures of the obtained copolymers including variety of end groups were determined at the molecular level with the aid of electrospray ionization multistage mass spectrometry (ESI-MSn). The fragmentation experiment performed for the selected sodium adducts of the copolymers confirmed that the developed methods lead to the formation of graft copolymers composed of poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) backbone and oligoesters pendant chains. Moreover, it was established that fragmentation of selected sodium adducts of graft copolymers proceeded via random breakage of amide bonds along the backbone and ester bonds of the oligoesters pendant chains. Considering potential applications of the synthesized copolymers in the area of biomaterials, the hydrolytic degradation under laboratory conditions and in vitro cytotoxicity tests were performed. The ESI-MSn technique applied in this study has been proven to be a useful tool in structural studies of novel graft copolymers as well as their degradation products.This work was supported by the Polish National Science Centre (Decision No DEC-2013/11/N/ST5/01364

Platelet-rich plasma therapy in the treatment of androgenic alopecia – review

Hair loss is a problem that affects many people around the world. Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is the most common cause of hair loss affecting up to 50% of men and 40% of women over the age of 50. This type of hair loss is mediated by androgens, the strongest of which is dihydrotestosterone (DHT). This hormone influences the weakening hair follicles. The problem of excess DHT and the associated androgenic hair loss may concern people practicing sports, especially aerobic disciplines of moderate and high intensity. In the recent decades, many topical and oral therapies have been introduced to delay and stop hair loss. However, commonly used medications have only a partial and temporary effect, therefore alternative treatment methods are needed. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is known, among other things, for its use in orthopedics. The use of PRP may benefit athletes in the treatment of injuries to tendons, ligaments, muscles and cartilage. Many publications indicate good results with the use of PRP in the treatment of hair loss. The aim of this study is to summarise the published reports on the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on hair loss prevention in people with androgenic alopecia (AGA) and to analyse the papers discussing androgen levels in physically active people

Hydrogen sulphide production in healthy and ulcerated gastric mucosa of rats

Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is produced endogenously via two enzymes dependent on pyridoxal phosphate (PLP): cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS, EC 4.2.1.22), cystathionase γ-liase (CTH, EC 4.4.1.1), and a third, 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST, EC 2.8.1.2). H2S strengthens the defence mechanisms of the gastric mucosal barrier, and plays an important role in gastroprotection, including the increased resistance to damage caused by various irritants and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The study was conducted to determine the role of H2S in ulcerated gastric mucosa of rats caused by immobilization in cold water (WRS). The activity and expression of γ-cystathionase, cystathionine β-synthase, 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase, and rhodanese was compared with healthy mucosa, together with H2S generation, and cysteine, glutathione, and cystathionine levels. The results showed that the defence mechanism against stress is associated with stimulation of the production of H2S in the tissue and confirmed the observed advantageous effect of H2S on healing of gastric ulcers. In case of animals pretreated with exogenous sources of H2S and NaHS, and some changes observed in the ulcerated gastric mucosa tend to return to values found in the healthy tissue, a finding that is in accordance with the previously determined gastroprotective properties of H2S. The results presented in this paper point to the possible role of rhodanese in H2S production in the gastric mucosa of rats, together with the earlier mentioned three enzymes, which are all active in this tissue

A Cross-International Study to Evaluate Knowledge and Attitudes Related to Basic Life Support among Undergraduate Nursing Students-A Questionnaire Study

Practicing the algorithms of basic life support (BLS) is essential in order to take adequate measures to save lives, and future nursing staff should be advanced when it comes to performing lifesaving activities. The purpose of the study was to analyse the theoretical and practical knowledge of nursing students (within the undergraduate course) with regards to the basic life support (BLS). The study has a prospective, comparative and descriptive nature. Three countries that educate nursing students within the undergraduate course participated in the project. Data was collected with the use of a questionnaire based on the guidelines of the European Resuscitation Council (ERC 2015). The study was carried out among a total of 748 respondents from three countries: Poland (n = 189, 25.3%), Lithuania (n = 500, 66.8%) and Spain (n = 59; 7.9%). The average age of respondents was 23.41 (SD ± 5.90). The average score obtained by the respondents who answered the questions was 11.13 with a standard deviation of SD ± 2.29. The conducted study revealed that a substantial number of the respondents who participated in the study obtained an average result concerning theoretical and practical knowledge of BLS. It was also confirmed that the additional education in the form of first aid training courses has a major impact on improving the levels of knowledge among the students in each of the analysed country

Występowanie zdarzeń niepożądanych w obszarze administrowania lekami w praktyce pielęgniarskiej

Introduction. Adverse events (AE) in the process of pharmacotherapy can have direct consequences on the health and life of a patient. Factors leading to AE are categorized in human and systematic ones. Among the latter ones, the most important are significant shortages of nursing staff as well as stress, fatigue and the Occupational Burnout Syndrome. Reporting of AE is a crucial pillar of prevention of adverse events in drug administration in nursing. Aim. The aim of the study was to identify and analyse the factors leading to adverse events in the pharmocotherapy process and to present methods of prevention AE. Material and Methods. The research was lead among 100 hospital nurses from Pomeranian region. A research and research questionnaire was based on the study “Attitudes and beliefs of health services about the causes and reporting of treatment errors in the British intensive care unit”. The project was conducted between January to April 2020. Results. Detailed analysis showed that the most important factors influencing the occurrence of adverse events in the drug administration are: nurses shortage (14%), stress and burnout syndrome (11%), incorrect labelling (13%). 85% of medical personnel are convinced that it is essential to monitor the situation of adverse events in drug administration. The Kruskal–Wallis test did not confirm the existence of a relationship between the: occurrence of adverse events in the area of pharmacotherapy and age (K – W = 0; p = 1), level of education (K – W = 3.6328; p = 0.3039) and work experience of the surveyed respondents (K – W = 0.3651484; p = 0.5457). Similarly, no significant relationships were found between the occurrence of adverse events and the department profile (K – W = 0.330; p = 0.5652). Conclusions. The level of education, professional experience and age are not significantly related to making mistakes in the area of drug administration; the factors that significantly affect the occurrence of AD in the area of drug administration are: reduced nursing staff on duty, performing one’s duties under stress and time pressure, insufficient variety of labels on medicinal products; the best method of prevention in the area of drug management and administration is the presence of a reporting and monitoring system; the was the majority of nurses reported the occurrence of a drug-related adverse event to the rest of the therapeutic team. (JNNN 2022;11(2):65–73).Wstęp. Zdarzenia niepożądane (ZN) w procesie farmakoterapii mogą prowadzić bezpośrednio do uszczerbku na zdrowiu bądź utraty życia pacjenta. Czynniki prowadzące do ZN dzieli się na ludzkie i systemowe. Najistotniejsze czynniki systemowe to znaczny niedobór personelu pielęgniarskiego oraz stres, zmęczenie i ogólnie pojęty Zespół Wypalenia Zawodowego. Jednym z koronnych filarów prewencji zdarzeń niepożądanych w administrowaniu lekami w pracy pielęgniarskiej jest raportowanie o ZN. Cel. Celem prowadzonego badania była analiza czynników prowadzących do ZN w procesie farmakoterapii oraz przedstawienie propozycji rozwiązań, które mogą zapobiec ich występowaniu. Materiał i metody. W badaniu wzięło udział 100 pielęgniarek/pielęgniarzy zatrudnionych na różnych oddziałach szpitalnych. W sondażu został wykorzystany autorski formularz ankiety złożony z siedmiu pytań zamkniętych, który opracowano w oparciu o badania “The attitudes and beliefs of healthcare professionals on the causes and reporting of medication errors in a UK Intensive care unit”. Badania przeprowadzono w okresie od stycznia do kwietnia 2020 r. Wyniki. Szczegółowa analiza zgromadzonego materiału pozwoliła stwierdzić, że najistotniejszymi czynnikami wpływającymi na występowanie błędów w obszarze administrowania lekami jest, zbyt mała liczba personelu pielęgniarskiego na dyżurach (14%), stres i presja czasu (11%), złe oznakowanie etykiet (13%). Ponad 85% badanych mimo braku rejestru zdarzeń niepożądanych w swoim miejscu pracy zaistniałą pomyłkę związaną z podaniem leku zgłosiła pozostałym członkom zespołu terapeutycznego. Testy z wykorzystaniem testu Kruskala–Wallisa nie potwierdziły istnienia zależności pomiędzy zmiennymi: występowanie zdarzeń niepożądanych w obszarze farmakoterapii a wiek (K – W = 0; p = 1), poziom wykształcenia (K – W = 3,6328; p = 0,3039) oraz staż pracy badanych respondentów (K – W =0,3651484; p = 0,5457). Podobnie nie wykazano istotnych zależności pomiędzy występowaniem zdarzeń niepożądanych a profilem oddziału (K – W = 0,330; p = 0,5652). Wnioski. Analiza dostępnego piśmiennictwa a także wyniki przeprowadzonych badań własnych pozwoliły na sformułowanie następujących wniosków: poziom wykształcenia, staż pracy w zawodzie oraz wiek nie mają istotnego związku z popełnianiem błędów w obszarze administrowania lekami; czynnikami, które istotnie wpływają na występowanie ZN w obszarze administrowania lekami są: zmniejszona obsada pielęgniarska na dyżurach, wykonywanie swoich obowiązków w stresie i pod presją czasu, zbyt mała różnorodność etykiet produktów leczniczych; najlepszym sposobem profilaktyki w obszarze zarządzania lekiem i jego administrowania jest obecność systemu raportowania i monitorowania; zdecydowana liczba badanych pielęgniarek zawsze raportowała występowanie zdarzenia niepożądanego związanego z lekiem pozostałym członkom zespołu terapeutycznego. (PNN 2022;11(2):65–73)

The use of platelet-rich plasma injections in the treatment of meniscal injuries - review of the literature

Introduction: In the knee joint are two menisci, which are fibrocartilaginous structures. The tears of the meniscus are one of the most common injuries within knee. Arthroscopy with suturing of torn or menisectomy are the most popular methods of treatment, however in long term observation menisectomy often results in osteoarthritis 10-20 years after surgery. For this reason, less invasive treatment methods are being sought, such as platelet-rich plasma injections. Platelet-rich plasma has many growth factors, which stimulates healing. Objective: The aim of this study is to review latest the literature on the use of platelet-rich plasma injections in the patients with meniscus tears. Material and methods: A literature review was conducted on databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar using the terms: ”meniscus”, “meniscus tear”, “platelet-rich plasma”, “platelet-rich plasma injections”, “meniscus injuries treatment’. Conclusions: The injuries of meniscus are very common, and often must be treated by arthroscopy. Platelet-rich plasma has a positive impact on tissue healing. Platelet-rich plasma injuries in the patients with meniscal tears repair lead to improve healing rates compare with patients without PRP injections, but there is no guidelines and further studies are necessary

Hydrogen Sulfide and Carbon Monoxide Protect Gastric Mucosa Compromised by Mild Stress Against Alendronate Injury

Background Alendronate is an inhibitor of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, but its clinical utility is limited due to gastrointestinal complications including bleeding erosions. Aims We studied whether potent vasodilators hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon monoxide (CO) can protect against alendronate-induced gastric lesions in rats exposed to mild stress. Methods Three series (A, B, and C) of Wistar rats received alendronate (150-700 mg/kg i.g., series A) with or without NaHS (5 mg/kg), H2S donor or CORM-2 (5 mg/kg) releasing CO administered i.g. 30 min before alendronate administration (series B) in rats exposed for 3 days before alendronate administration to mild stress (series C). The area of gastric lesions was assessed by planimetry, the gastric blood flow (GBF) was determined by H2-gas clearance technique, and H2S production via CSE/CBS/3- MST activity and the gastric expression of HO-1, HO-2, HIF-1a, NF-jB, iNOS, COX-2, IL-1b, TNF-a, GPx-1 and SOD-2 were analyzed by qPCR or Western blot. Results Alendronate dose-dependently produced gastric mucosal lesions and significantly decreased GBF, and these effects were exacerbated by mild stress. NaHS and CORM2 significantly reduced the alendronate-induced gastric lesions in non-stressed and stressed animals, but only NaHS but not CORM-2 raised H2S production. NaHS and CORM-2 inhibited gastric expression of HIF-1a protein and HO-1, HIF-1a, NF-jB, COX-2, iNOS, IL-1b, TNF-a mRNAs but failed to affect those of HO-2, GPx-1, and SOD-2. Conclusion Both H2S and CO released from their donors, NaHS and CORM-2, protect gastric mucosa compromised by stress against alendronate-induced gastric damage via mechanism involving downregulation of HIF-1a, NF-jB and proinflammatory factors COX-2, iNOS, IL-1b, and TNF-a