THE OUTLOOK ON THE E-COMMERCE IN RUSSIA IN TERMS OF DIGITAL SINGLE MARKET STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT IN EUROPE: ECONOMIC AND LEGAL ASPECTS

The aim of the research is to emphasize the importance of online E-commerce on a worldwide scale in the context of the benefi ts it provides to the national governments. Special attention is paid to the key E-market trends in Russia and European Community with a brief overview of the statistics and analysis data, which proves the necessity for its future development. However, the potential development of e-market in Russia has certain restrictions, connected with the current economic downtown, lack of legal provision and general consumer’s distrust to online transactions. Authors dwell upon the possible ways of overcoming these urgent obstacles according to the European policy of bringing down barriers to unlock online opportunities, which is called the Digital Single Market (DSM). To do that, the paper explores the benefi ts of the DSM Strategy’s introduction in Europe and the reasons whether it could be implemented into the Russia’s frontiers or not. Finally, authors reckon that despite the fact that the several legislative improvements relating to electronic market has been introduced in recent years, there are several efficient suggestions to our government to scrutinize in order to achieve high rates of online sales, bring the economy up and enforce cross-border cooperation

The Comparison of Innovative and Strategic Priorities of Small and Large Companies in Russian local production systems

Industrial companies are the core of the national innovation system. However, large, medium and small enterprises differ significantly in their role in the innovation system, resource potential, strategic priorities and objectives. The paper focuses on a comparative analysis of the strategic priorities of innovative activities of Russian companies of different size. We have identified three types of companies: small innovative companies, large and medium-sized companies with a traditional business model, major innovation-driven companies with an integrated business model. Our analysis of the trajectories of small innovative firms located in Novosibirsk Scientific Center showed that the majority of the companies can be characterized either as spin-off firm or as specialized supplier. Spin-offs are newly established small firms, who have recently separated from the major research labs or parent companies. The typical behavior model for such companies is innovative entrepreneurship. Specialized suppliers are small companies that provide significant contributions to complex manufacturing systems in the form of equipment, parts, tools and software. Innovative objectives of such small companies deal with design and production of the specific elements required for large companies. Large and medium-sized companies with a traditional business model are characterized by the existing structure of commodity output and the supply chain. Characteristic type of innovative behavior for such companies includes incremental product and process innovations. Large innovation-oriented companies with an integrated business model have traditional production units and innovative units in their structure. Innovation priorities of major innovation-oriented companies with integrated business model are consistent with the hybrid model of behavior which combines the traditional model with an innovative entrepreneurship

Synthesis and properties of SnO prepared from ammoniacal and carbonate suspensions of tin (II) hydroxy compound under microwave radiation

SnO powder was prepared by microwave treatment of ammoniacal and carbonate Sn6O4(OH)4 suspensions. It was shown that the type of the precipitant (aqueous ammonia and sodium carbonate) for Sn(II) hydroxy compound affects the surface properties of the resulting oxide. It is found that SnO powders prepared by homogeneous precipitation of tin(II) hydroxy compound with sodium carbonate, followed by the microwave treatment, have the smaller specific surface area (~0.4 m2 g–1) and contain agglomerates of the larger size (~50 µm) joint together into a “flower.

Zinc oxide films obtained by sol-gel method from film-forming solutions

Thin ZnO films on silicon and quartz substrates were obtained from a film-enriched ethanolic solution based on Zn(NO3)2⋅6H2O and salicylic acid. The effect of salicylic acid on the processes occurring in the film-forming solution was studied by IR spectroscopy, proton-magnetic resonance, and viscometry methods. The formation of zinc salicylate nitrate in an ethanol solution is established, where salicylic acid exhibits a monodentate property in the carboxyl group. Thermal formation of zinc oxide was determined by thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction. The analysis of optical and electrophysical characteristics of ZnO films was carried out using spectroscopy, ellipsometry and also a block for measuring the electrophysical properties of thin-film materials. It was found that ZnO films were semiconductors of the electronic type, characterized by an optical band gap of 2.91–3.21eV, a surface resistance of 109–106 Q. and transparency coefficients in the visible spectral range of 0.80–0.96. It was shown that as the thickness of the ZnO films increased the resistance decreased

Redistribution of mineral elements in wheat grain when applying the complex enzyme preparations based on phytase

Biogenic minerals play an important role in the whole human nutrition, but they are included in the grain of the phytates that reduces their bioavailability. Whole wheat bread is generally considered a healthy food, but the presence of mineral elements in it is insignificant, because of weak phytate degradation. From all sources of exogenous phytase the most productive are microscopic fungi. To accelerate the process of transition hard mineral elements are mobilized to implement integrated cellulolytic enzyme preparation based on the actions of phytase (producer is Penicillium canescens). Phytase activity was assessed indirectly by the rate of release of phosphate from the substrate. It has been established that the release rate of the phosphoric acid substrate is dependent on the composition of the drug and the enzyme complex is determined by the presence of xylanase. The presented experimental data shows that a cellulase treatment of the grain in conjunction with the β-glucanase or xylanase leading to an increase in phytase activity could be 1.4 - 2.3 times as compared with the individual enzymes. As a result of concerted action of enzymes complex preparation varies topography grain, increase the pore sizes in seed and fruit shells that facilitate the penetration of the enzyme phytase in the aleurone layer to the site of phytin hydrolysis and leads to an increase in phytase activity. In terms of rational parameters of enzymatic hydrolysis, the distribution of mineral elements in the anatomical parts of the grain after processing complex enzyme preparation with the help of X-ray detector EMF miniCup system in a scanning electron microscope JEOL JSM 6390 were investigated. When processing enzyme preparation wheat trend in the distribution of mineral elements, characteristic of grain - the proportion of these elements in the aleurone layer decreases, and in the endosperm increases. Because dietary fiber and phytate found together in the peripheral layers of fiber-rich grains, it is difficult to separate the effects of degradation processes nonstarch polysaccharides and fiberphytate redistribution of polyvalent metal ions. However, studies have shown that phytase - an effective mechanism for regulating mineral nutrient diet. Application of phytase in grain bakery technology will increase the biological value of the product.  

The composition and structure of iron(III) complex compounds with salicylic acid in ethanol solution and in the solid thin film state

Owing to their properties iron(III) salicylate complexes are interest of for application in biomedicine and environmental monitoring. Recently this complex compounds also are investigated as a potential candidate for preparing Fe2O3 films by sol-gel method from ethanol film-forming solution. Relevance of the work was caused by necessity to determine the structure and composition of iron(III) salicylate complexes in ethanol solution and in the solid film state, which influence on film properties. Nowadays this information is absence in the literature. UV spectroscopy, NMR measurement, methods of isomolar series and thermal analysis were used to analyze the composition of complex in ethanol solution and in the solid state. It was found, that salicylic acid interacts with iron(III) chloride in ethanol solution promotes the formation of [FeC6H4OCOO]+ complex, where salicylate ligand behaves as bidentate ligand. After removal of the solvent from solution iron(III) chloride salicylate crystal hydrate complex of 1:1 stoichiometry was formed in solid state. Thermal decomposition of this compound led to formation α–Fe2O3

Microwave-assisted hydrothermal process for the preparation of SnO from an ammoniacal Sn6O4(OH)4 suspension

SnO powder with a specific surface area of 2 m2/g has been prepared by microwave-assisted hydrothermal processing of an ammoniacal Sn6O4(OH)4 suspension. We have examined the effect of pressure rise rate in a reaction mixture on the surface morphology and photocatalytic activity of SnO. Raising the pressure has been shown to reduce the SnO synthesis time, without influencing the surface morphology of SnO or its photocatalytic activity for methyl orange photodegradation

The processes in film-forming solution based on tetraethoxysilane, phosphoric acid and calcium chloride

Physical and chemical patterns film-forming ethanol solution based on tetraethoxysilane, orthophosphoric acid and calcium chloride have been determined. Methods of photon correlation spectrometry and electrophoresis showed that colloidal particles with size up to 25 nm are formed in the film-forming solutions. Their stability is maintained during one day, and then CaHPO[4] precipitates from the film-forming solutions. Methods of X-ray analysis, scanning electron microscopy and IR spectroscopy have shown that the dried coating solution after precipitation of CaHPO4 consists of CaClH[2]PO[4]·H[2]O and SiO[2]. The formation of these substances is due to the hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane and interaction calciumchloride with orthophosphoric acid

Formation and Development of the Training System for Innovative Development of Regional Industry

The paper determines tendencies of modern economy development. The key role in the expanded reproduction of innovation processes in the regions in modern conditions belongs to the enhancement of human capital. Regions are actively increasing their efforts in creating innovative infrastructure, knowledge-intensive industries, while success of regional development is directly related to the effectiveness and cohesion of all innovation infrastructure elements. An indispensable condition for the successful development of innovative infrastructure and high-tech industries is the region economy saturation with highly qualified personnel, particularly mining, trained in view of the projected trends of innovative development