Подходы Бразилии к урегулированию международных конфликтов

The article considers features of Brazilian participation in peacekeeping missions under the auspices of the United Nations related to the commitment to preventive diplomacy in resolving the conflict, the combination of diplomacy and peace-building efforts and rehabilitation of the economies of countries-participants of the conflict. Brazil put forward the initiative “Supporters of mediation”, that adds the concept of the United Nations “Responsibility to Protect” (R2P) with the concept “Responsibility while protecting” (RwhileP). Brazil advocates for human rights. It marked Brazil's position on the rejection of humanitarian intervention, since the use of force leads to increased violence and instability, which manifested itself in the situation in the Middle East, and mass migration. For the country is characterized the analysis of the sources of conflict, adherence to international law, and understanding of the relationship between security and sustainable development, which is reflected in Brazil's foreign policy strategy, national security strategy.Статья рассматривает особенности участия Бразилии в миротворческих миссиях под эгидой ООН, связанные с приверженностью методам превентивной дипломатии в урегулировании конфликта, сочетанию дипломатии и усилий по миростроительству и реабилитации экономик стран-участниц конфликта. Бразилия выдвигает инициативу «Сторонники посредничества», дополняет концепцию ООН «ответственность по защите» (R2P) концепцией «ответственность в процессе защиты» (RwhileP), выступает в защиту прав человека. В статье отражена позиция Бразилии о неприятии гуманитарных интервенций, поскольку применение силы ведет к росту насилия и нестабильности, что проявилось в ситуации на Ближнем Востоке и массовой миграции. Для страны характерен анализ источников конфликтов, следование нормам международного права, понимание взаимосвязи между безопасностью и устойчивым развитием, что нашло отражение во внешнеполитической стратегии Бразилии, стратегии национальной безопасности

Борьба с коррупцией в Республике Индонезия

In this article, the authors consider the methods of anti-corruption policy of the Republic of Indonesia by analyzing the stages of the fight against corruption in the country. The fight against corruption is an integral part of the existence of the state apparatus of any country. The solution of any business practice with the help of “gifts” has always been a normal practice in the countries of the South-East Asia. After winning the independence, the Indonesian authorities were paying serious attention to the fight against corruption. Since 1958, on the initiative of the President Sukarno in Indonesia, for the first time, a special body to combat corruption, named “the Committee for the Correction of the State Apparatus” was created. After the transfer of power from President Sukarno to General Suharto, the corruption in Indonesia reached unprecedented proportions. The turning point in the corruption fight took place in 2002, when President Megawati Sukarnoputri set up “The Corruption Eradication Commission”, which exists to the present day.В статье авторы рассматривают методы антикоррупционной политики Республики Индонезии. После получения Индонезией независимости власти страны уделяли серьезное внимание борьбе с коррупцией. Начиная с 1958 г. по инициативе Президента Сукарно в Индонезии впервые был создан специальный орган по борьбе с коррупцией. Но во время правления Президента Сукарно несмотря на все попытки не удалось одержать ощутимых побед над коррупцией. После перехода власти от Президента Сукарно к генералу Сухарто коррупция в Индонезии достигла невиданного размаха. Перелом в борьбе с коррупцией произошел в 2002 г., когда Президент Мегавати Сукарнопутри создает «Комиссию по искоренению коррупции», которая существует и по сегодняшний день

THE CONCEPT OF “RUSSIA” THROUGH ETHNO-LINGUISTIC AND ETYMOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

Etymology can help understand word meanings as well as the process of language evolution. This process is a reflection of the entire history course. In addition, the study of language etymology makes it possible to identify words originally Russian denoting traditional Russian subjects. The authors deal with the concept of “Russia” as one of the most important concepts, integrating many aspects of linguistic world image: fertilizing moisture, water, light (“the face of the sun”), colour, rod (gender) and life development, the world and the white light, the community of peoples, Rodimaya zemlya (native land) and the Sate

A method to measure the resonance transitions between the gravitationally bound quantum states of neutrons in the GRANIT spectrometer

We present a method to measure the resonance transitions between the gravitationally bound quantum states of neutrons in the GRANIT spectrometer. The purpose of GRANIT is to improve the accuracy of measurement of the quantum states parameters by several orders of magnitude, taking advantage of long storage of Ultracold neutrons at specula trajectories. The transitions could be excited using a periodic spatial variation of a magnetic field gradient. If the frequency of such a perturbation (in the frame of a moving neutron) coincides with a resonance frequency defined by the energy difference of two quantum states, the transition probability will sharply increase. The GRANIT experiment is motivated by searches for short-range interactions (in particular spin-dependent interactions), by studying the interaction of a quantum system with a gravitational field, by searches for extensions of the Standard model, by the unique possibility to check the equivalence principle for an object in a quantum state and by studying various quantum optics phenomena

Option pricing by Esscher transforms in the cases of normal inverse Gaussian and variance gamma processes

The class of Esscher transforms is an important tool for option pricing Gerber and Shiu (1994) showed that the Esscher transform is an efficient technique for valuing derivative securities if the log returns of the underlying securities are governed by certain stochastic processes with stationary and independent increments. Levy processes are the processes of such type. Special cases of the Levy processes such as the normal inverse Gaussian process and the variance gamma process are considered at this paper. Values of these processes parameters for the existence of Esscher transform are deduced. A new algorithm of a normal inverse Gaussian process and variance gamma process simulation is also presented in this paper. These algorithm is universal and simpler one compared with analogous algorithms

The Social and Historical Impact on the Formation of Russian Medieval Spirituality

© 2020 Lebedev et al.; Licensee Lifescience Global. This article analyzes the ways of influence of religious worldview on the spiritual life of Western and Eastern Europe. Considering the arguments in favor of the existence of such a phenomenon as a universal «European worldview», the authors conclude that despite the existence of common grounds, the spiritual life of Western Europe and Eastern Europe (in particular Russia) have fundamental differences. The authors pay special attention to the figure of St. Sergius of Radonezh who was the embodiment of Russian medieval spirituality. The Saint harmoniously combined «clever prayer» with practical patriotic activity, thus following the principle of «energetic love». The article also analyzes the «contemplative» and «activity» model of man in the context of the dispute between «Nestyazhateli» and «Iosiflyane». The authors conclude that Russian state policy has been mostly «Iosiflyanian», and the philosophy became a haven for «Nestyazhatel». In conclusion, the authors highlight such a key concept of Orthodox thought as «sobornost», thus noting that in Russian religious thought, human life finds its true meaning only in the human community

Induction and repair of DNA double-strand breaks in hippocampal neurons of miсe of different age after exposure to

One of the central problems of modern radiobiology is the study of DNA damage induction and repair mechanisms in central nervous system cells, in particular, in hippocampal cells. The study of the regularities of molecular damage formation and repair in the hippocampus cells is of special interest, because these cells, unlike most cells of the central nervous system (CNS), keep proliferative activity, i.e. ability to neurogenesis. Age-related changes in hippocampus play an important role, which could lead to radiosensitivity changes in neurons to the ionizing radiation exposure. Regularities in DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) induction and repair in different aged mice hippocampal cells in vivo and in vitro under the action of γ-rays 60Со were studied with DNA comet-assay. The obtained dose dependences of DNA DSB induction are linear both in vivo and in vitro. It is established that in young animals' cells, the degree of DNA damage is higher than in older animals. It is shown that repair kinetics is basically different for exposure in vivo and in vitro

Induction and repair of DNA double-strand breaks in hippocampal neurons of miсe of different age after exposure to 60Со γ-rays in vivo and in vitro

One of the central problems of modern radiobiology is the study of DNA damage induction and repair mechanisms in central nervous system cells, in particular, in hippocampal cells. The study of the regularities of molecular damage formation and repair in the hippocampus cells is of special interest, because these cells, unlike most cells of the central nervous system (CNS), keep proliferative activity, i.e. ability to neurogenesis. Age-related changes in hippocampus play an important role, which could lead to radiosensitivity changes in neurons to the ionizing radiation exposure. Regularities in DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) induction and repair in different aged mice hippocampal cells in vivo and in vitro under the action of γ-rays 60Со were studied with DNA comet-assay. The obtained dose dependences of DNA DSB induction are linear both in vivo and in vitro. It is established that in young animals' cells, the degree of DNA damage is higher than in older animals. It is shown that repair kinetics is basically different for exposure in vivo and in vitro

Magnetotransport of indium antimonide doped with manganese

Magnetotransport, including the magnetoresistance (MR) and the Hall effect, isinvestigated in polycrystalline In1-xMnxSb samples with x = 0.02 – 0.06, containing nanosize MnSb precipitates. The relative MR, Δρ/ρ, is positive within the whole range of B= 0 – 10 T and T ~ 20 – 300 K. The Hall resistivity, ρH, exhibits a nonlinear dependence on B up to the room temperature.MR is interpreted with the two-band model, suggesting two types of holes with different concentration and mobility. In addition, analysis of ρH (B, T) is performed by taking into account both the normal and the anomalous contributions. The latter is attributable to the effect of MnSb nanoprecipitates, having the ferromagnetic Curie temperature well above 300 K