Application of Supercomputer Technologies for Simulation of Socio-Economic Systems

To date, an extensive experience has been accumulated in investigation of problems related to quality, assessment of management systems, modeling of economic system sustainability. The studies performed have created a basis for formation of a new research area — Economics of Quality. Its tools allow to use opportunities of model simulation for construction of the mathematical models adequately reflecting the role of quality in natural, technical, social regularities of functioning of the complex socioeconomic systems. Extensive application and development of models, and also system modeling with use of supercomputer technologies, on our deep belief, will bring the conducted researches of social and economic systems to essentially new level. Moreover, the current scientific research makes a significant contribution to model simulation of multi-agent social systems and that isn’t less important, it belongs to the priority areas in development of science and technology in our country. This article is devoted to the questions of supercomputer technologies application in public sciences, first of all, — regarding technical realization of the large-scale agent-focused models (AFM). The essence of this tool is that owing to increase in power of computers it became possible to describe the behavior of many separate fragments of a difficult system, as social and economic systems represent. The article also deals with the experience of foreign scientists and practicians in launching the AFM on supercomputers, and also the example of AFM developed in CEMI RAS, stages and methods of effective calculating kernel display of multi-agent system on architecture of a modern supercomputer will be analyzed. The experiments on the basis of model simulation on forecasting the population of St. Petersburg according to three scenarios as one of the major factors influencing the development of social and economic system and quality of life of the population are presented in the conclusion

Exact solution for long-term size exclusion suspension-colloidal transport in porous media

Long-term deep bed filtration in porous media with size exclusion particle capture mechanism is studied. For monodispersed suspension and transport in porous media with distributed pore sizes, the microstochastic model allows for upscaling and the exact solution is derived for the obtained macroscale equation system. Results show that transient pore size distribution and nonlinear relation between the filtration coefficient and captured particle concentration during suspension filtration and retention are the main features of long-term deep bed filtration, which generalises the classical deep bed filtration model and its latter modifications. Furthermore, the exact solution demonstrates earlier breakthrough and lower breakthrough concentration for larger particles. Among all the pores with different sizes, the ones with intermediate sizes (between the minimum pore size and the particle size) vanish first. Total concentration of all the pores smaller than the particles turns to zero asymptotically when time tends to infinity, which corresponds to complete plugging of smaller pores.Z. You, P. Bedrikovetsky and L. Kuzmin

MODERN ANALYSIS METHODS USE IN ORDER TO ESTABLISH THE GEOGRAPHIC ORIGIN OF FOOD PRODUCTS

Food products with controlled geographical origin place are in special demand among consumers because of their specific properties, due to climatic, soil characteristics or other factors. The article provides an analysis of regulatory framework for legal goods protection with an indication of their origin place on the territory of the Russian Federation and in other countries. Existing authentication methods for this type of product are reviewed. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, the authors noted the most significant works aimed at confirming the authenticity of food products’ origin place on the example of honey and meat products, which were carried out in the countries of the European Union, Australia, China, Brazil, South Africa, the USA and other countries. It is shown that the most widespread researches aimed at studying values of isotopic ratios of hydrogen (2H/1H), carbon (13C/12C), oxygen (18O/16O), nitrogen (15N/14N) and sulfur (34S/32S) in compounds contained in products that reflect the distribution of «light» and «heavy» isotopes during biological and geochemical processes within a single region. The analysis of the works aimed at studying the qualitative and quantitative composition of trace elements and rare earth metals (As, B, Ba, Cd, Li, Mn, Pd, Rb, Se, Te, Tl, Dy, U, etc.), as well as research of isotopic relations values of some elements (87Sr/86Sr, 207Pb/206Pb, etc.) in product samples and soils of studied region. The advantages of an integrated research approach, which includes the creation of data array of various indicators values and its in-depth analysis using chemometric algorithms and mathematical modeling methods, are shown.Food products with controlled geographical origin place are in special demand among consumers because of their specific properties, due to climatic, soil characteristics or other factors. The article provides an analysis of regulatory framework for legal goods protection with an indication of their origin place on the territory of the Russian Federation and in other countries. Existing authentication methods for this type of product are reviewed. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, the authors noted the most significant works aimed at confirming the authenticity of food products’ origin place on the example of honey and meat products, which were carried out in the countries of the European Union, Australia, China, Brazil, South Africa, the USA and other countries. It is shown that the most widespread researches aimed at studying values of isotopic ratios of hydrogen (2H/1H), carbon (13C/12C), oxygen (18O/16O), nitrogen (15N/14N) and sulfur (34S/32S) in compounds contained in products that reflect the distribution of «light» and «heavy» isotopes during biological and geochemical processes within a single region. The analysis of the works aimed at studying the qualitative and quantitative composition of trace elements and rare earth metals (As, B, Ba, Cd, Li, Mn, Pd, Rb, Se, Te, Tl, Dy, U, etc.), as well as research of isotopic relations values of some elements (87Sr/86Sr, 207Pb/206Pb, etc.) in product samples and soils of studied region. The advantages of an integrated research approach, which includes the creation of data array of various indicators values and its in-depth analysis using chemometric algorithms and mathematical modeling methods, are shown

The problem of representation of everyday life in the works of A. Pankratov

The article explores the films of the Soviet and Russian director Alexander Pankratov. The author analyzes the visual retory and narrative of films. The author draws attention to how various literature shaped and transformed the style of Pankratov’s films, starting with an early film in the genre of the rock opera Musical Fantasy (1978) based on the play by M. Gorky. The techniques used by the director when trying to reconstruct history in his films are analyzed. The films “Portrait of the Artist’s Wife”, created based on the story of Yu. Nagibina “Berendeev Forest”, films based on the original scripts “Happy, Eugene!” (1984), “Goodbye, Zamoskvoretskaya punks” (1987), etc. The author identifies the ways that the director uses to design a space in the style of “retro”, to create authentic characters. Pankratov tried to document and interpret modern life in the USSR or in Russia in his films. Images of time/historical memory occupy a lot of space both in films of the 1970s and in the 1990s. The author pays special attention to characters and plots from modern Russia. The problem of emigration is analyzed in detail in the film “An Emigrant or a Beard with Glasses and a Warthog” (2001) and “Hitchhiking” (2009). The director is alarmed by the dehumanization of Russian society and the immoralism of Pankratov’s contemporaries. The author relies on numerous publications about Pankratov, his interview with him, and Pankratov’s literary works

Роль здравоохранения в контексте устойчивого развития

Рассматриваются вопросы состояния здравоохранения через капитал здоровья, а также наиболее существенные факторы, влияющие на его формирование и развитие в новых условиях. В исследовании изучены вопросы влияния здоровья на человеческий капитал, который является одним из наиболее ценных ресурсов устойчивого развития

Pejorative connotation of proverbs and sayings with zoonym in the Russian, German and Tatar languages

© by the author(s). The problem of the interaction of language and culture is of interest to many scientists nowadays. Proverbs and sayings are units which contain bits of folk wisdom, values and beliefs of the nation. One of the ways to study a culture is to analyze its proverbs and sayings. The aim of the study was to compare paremiological units, namely proverbs and sayings, with zoonym components of three typologically unrelated languages: Russian, German and Tatar. The article deals with proverbs and sayings with the names of domestic animals only. In the study we used such methods as descriptive, structural, interpretative, continuous sampling method and statistical method. The analysis of the selected material revealed 847 Russian, 386 German and Tatar 1634 proverbs and sayings with the domestic animal components, 20 zoonyms in total, including names of birds. The study showed that paremiological units with the names of domestic animals in some cases carry the same connotative semes, mostly pejorative, in all three languages. However, the same component of proverbs in a particular language may have the opposite meaning depending on the speech situation. Such pejorative connotative semes as [stupidity, ignorance], [idleness, laziness], [cowardice], [greed] and etc. were revealed in numerous Russian, German and Tatar proverbs and sayings. The materials of the study may be used in cultural linguistics, cognitive linguistics, cultural studies and phraseology

Plasticity and decomposition of whiskers on electric-induced deformation

The purpose of the work is to study the influence of weak electric fields (1–10 V/cm) on the micro and macroplasticity of whisker crystals of silver azide. The paper considers the processes occurring in the crystals of silver azide on the indentation in noncontact electric field. One of the processes is the indenter-induced movement of unfixed dislocations, which is the evidence of crystals microplasticity, followed by the accumulation of dislocations at the impediments of different nature. Further, this causes the change in linear dimensions of the crystals and the return to original dimensions, which is the evidence of macroplasticity. After deformation, a greater number of dislocations are formed, which stops the formation of the reaction areas where outgassing is observed. A method for controlling the whiskers stability and reactivity using the microindentation in electric field is proposed

New insights into the Weichselian environment and climate of the East Siberian Arctic, derived from fossil insects, plants, and mammals

Multidisciplinary study of a key section on the Laptev Sea Coast (Bykovsky Peninsula, east Lena Delta) in 1998–2001 provides the most complete record of Middle and Late Weichselian environments in the East Siberian Arctic. The 40-m high Mamontovy Khayata cliff is a typical Ice Complex section built of icy silts with a network of large syngenetic polygonal ice wedges, and is richly fossiliferous. In combination with pollen, plant macrofossil and mammal fossils, a sequence of ca 70 insect samples provides a new interpretation of the environment and climate of the area between ca 50 and 12 ka. The large number of radiocarbon dates from the section, together with an extensive 14C database on mammal bones, allows chronological correlation of the various proxies. The Bykovsky record shows how climate change, and the Last Glacial Maximum in particular, affected terrestrial organisms such as insects and large grazing mammals. Both during the presumed “Karginsky Interstadial” (MIS 3) and the Sartanian Glacial (MIS 2), the vegetation remained a mosaic arctic grassland with relatively high diversity of grasses and herbs and dominance of xeric habitats: the tundra-steppe type. This biome was supported by a constantly very continental climate, caused by low sea level and enormous extension of shelf land. Variations within the broad pattern were caused mainly by fluctuations in summer temperature, related to global trends but overprinted by the effect of continentality. No major changes in humidity were observed nor were advances of modern-type forest or forest-tundra recorded, suggesting a major revision of the “Karginsky Interstadial” paradigm. The changing subtypes of the tundra-steppe environment were persistently favourable for mammalian grazers, which inhabited the shelf lowlands throughout the studied period. Mammal population numbers were lowered during the LGM, especially toward its end, and then flourished in a short, but impressive peak in the latest Weichselian, just before the collapse of the tundra-steppe biome. Throughout MIS 3 and MIS 2, the climate remained very favourable for the aggradation of permafrost. No events of regional permafrost degradation were observed in the continuous Bykovsky sequence until the very end of the Pleistocene

Processing of energy materials in electromagnetic field

This paper presents the research results of complex impact of mechanical stress and electromagnetic field on the defect structure of energy materials. As the object of research quite a typical energy material - silver azide was chosen, being a model in chemistry of solids. According to the experiments co-effect of magnetic field and mechanical stress in silver azide crystals furthers multiplication, stopper breakaway, shift of dislocations, and generation of superlattice dislocations - micro-cracks. A method of mechanical and electric strengthening has been developed and involves changing the density of dislocations in whiskers

RATIONAL USE OF THE SECONDARY RESOURCES OF THE VINEYARD AND WINEBRANDING INDUSTRY

In the grape processing, secondary resources are primarily the remnants of the generative plant organs (berries) — sweet and fermented husks of grapes, seeds, peels, etc. However, the use of vegetative organs — vines, which are more promising, of grape leaves is promising. It is shown, that red leaves of grape are a source of phenolic compounds, resveratrol and other antioxidants, and also contain activators of enzymes, that cause venotonic and angioprotective properties. The most valuable in this respect are red grape leaves, which grow in covering areas, because on the eve of winter, as a defense against the cold, they accumulate a greater amount of resveratrol. The use of CO2 -extraction technology in the processing of red leaves makes it possible to obtain extraction cake with a high content of biologically active substances due to the destruction of the cell structure during the extraction process. At the same time, the hydrophilic extract of the extraction cake after CO2 -extraction has the greatest value, it is well soluble in water and is intended to enrich the soft juice based on grape juice with biologically active substances. A technology was developed for using CO2 extracts of grape seeds to stabilize margarine emulsions against oxidation and to increase the thermal stability of frying fats.In the grape processing, secondary resources are primarily the remnants of the generative plant organs (berries) — sweet and fermented husks of grapes, seeds, peels, etc. However, the use of vegetative organs — vines, which are more promising, of grape leaves is promising. It is shown, that red leaves of grape are a source of phenolic compounds, resveratrol and other antioxidants, and also contain activators of enzymes, that cause venotonic and angioprotective properties. The most valuable in this respect are red grape leaves, which grow in covering areas, because on the eve of winter, as a defense against the cold, they accumulate a greater amount of resveratrol. The use of CO2 -extraction technology in the processing of red leaves makes it possible to obtain extraction cake with a high content of biologically active substances due to the destruction of the cell structure during the extraction process. At the same time, the hydrophilic extract of the extraction cake after CO2 -extraction has the greatest value, it is well soluble in water and is intended to enrich the soft juice based on grape juice with biologically active substances. A technology was developed for using CO2 extracts of grape seeds to stabilize margarine emulsions against oxidation and to increase the thermal stability of frying fats