New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/'proxy' AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/'proxy' AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele

A MODEST review

We present an account of the state of the art in the fields explored by the research community invested in 'Modeling and Observing DEnse STellar systems'. For this purpose, we take as a basis the activities of the MODEST-17 conference, which was held at Charles University, Prague, in September 2017. Reviewed topics include recent advances in fundamental stellar dynamics, numerical methods for the solution of the gravitational N-body problem, formation and evolution of young and old star clusters and galactic nuclei, their elusive stellar populations, planetary systems, and exotic compact objects, with timely attention to black holes of different classes of mass and their role as sources of gravitational waves. Such a breadth of topics reflects the growing role played by collisional stellar dynamics in numerous areas of modern astrophysics. Indeed, in the next decade, many revolutionary instruments will enable the derivation of positions and velocities of individual stars in the Milky Way and its satellites and will detect signals from a range of astrophysical sources in different portions of the electromagnetic and gravitational spectrum, with an unprecedented sensitivity. On the one hand, this wealth of data will allow us to address a number of long-standing open questions in star cluster studies; on the other hand, many unexpected properties of these systems will come to light, stimulating further progress of our understanding of their formation and evolution.Comment: 42 pages; accepted for publication in 'Computational Astrophysics and Cosmology'. We are much grateful to the organisers of the MODEST-17 conference (Charles University, Prague, September 2017). We acknowledge the input provided by all MODEST-17 participants, and, more generally, by the members of the MODEST communit

Osteossíntese de úmero em pombos domésticos (Columba livia) associando-se pinos metálicos e polimetilmetacrilato intramedulares após osteotomia diafisária Humerus osteosynthesis using intramedullary pins and polymethylmethacrylate in domestic pigeons (Columba livia)

Foram utilizadas 28 aves adultas, separadas aleatoriamente em quatro grupos. Os pombos foram anestesiados com isoflurano para a realização da osteotomia diafisária transversa do úmero direito. No grupo I, a osteossíntese foi realizada associando-se dois pinos de Kirschner e polimetilmetacrilato, intramedulares; no grupo II, os pinos de Kirschner foram substituídos por pinos de Schanz; no grupo III, foram utilizados apenas dois pinos de Kirschner; e, no grupo IV, apenas dois pinos de Shanz. Os tempos médios para a consolidação óssea foram de 29±4,04 dias no grupo I; 24±5,29 dias no grupo II; 33±3,74 dias no grupo III; e 32,9±5,21 dias no grupo IV. Foi observada migração dos pinos em 42,9% dos animais do grupo I, em 0% nos do grupo II, em 85,7% nos do grupo III, e em 28,6% nos do grupo IV. Em duas aves dos grupos I, III e IV notou-se incapacidade de voar. Os resultados demonstram que a associação de dois pinos de Schanz e polimetilmetacrilato, ambos intramedulares, é um método efetivo para osteossíntese de úmero em pombos domésticos (Columba livia), proporcionando rápida consolidação óssea e mínimas complicações.<br>Twenty-eight adult domestic pigeons (Columba livia) were randomly divided into four groups of seven birds each. Anesthesia was performed with isoflurane and oxygen, and an osteotomy of the right humerus midshaft was performed with an electric cutter. On the sequence, one of the following treatments was chosen: group I, two Kirschner pins and polymethylmethacrylate intramedullary; group II, two Schanz pins and polymethylmethacrylate intramedullary; group III, two Kirschner pins only; and group IV, two Schanz pins only. The mean time ± standard deviation for fracture healing was 29±4.04 days in group I; 24±5.29 days in group II; 33±3.74 days in group III; 32.9±5.21 days in group IV. Pin migration was observed in 42.9% of the group I animals, 0% of group II, 85.7% of group III, and 28.6% of group IV. Two pigeons of groups I, III, and IV presented flight incapability. The results suggest that two Schanz pins and polymethylmethacrylate intramedullary are an effective method of humeral ostheosynthesis in domestic pigeons (Columba livia), resulting in faster fracture healing with minimal complications

Оптична й фотокаталітична активність нанокомпозитів ПАН/TiO2 з наночастинками анатаза і Р25

У роботі поліанілін (ПАН) синтезований на поверхні наночастинок TiO2 різної природи. Морфологію, розмір частинок, оптичну активність та фотокаталітичні характеристики отриманих матеріалів систематично вивчали різними аналітичними методами. Ультрафіолетова і видима, EПР спектроскопії нанокомпозитів ПАН-TiO2 підтвердили фізичну взаємодію між полімером та наночастинками TiO2. Результати ЕПР показують, що нанокомпозитний зразок m1, у якому ПАН зберігає більш упорядковану структуру, може покращити фотокаталітичну активність. Фотокаталітичні властивості нанокомпозитів ПАН-TiO2 досліджували шляхом деструкції фенолу (50 мг·л – 1) під УФ опроміненням. Результати показали, що деструкція фенолу відбувається максимально перші 10 хв для систем з Р25 у порівнянні з системами анатазу. Встановлено, що максимальна швидкість деструкції V фенолу 4.2 %/хв характерна для зразку m1 (ПАН-TiO2-P25). Показано, що поліанілінова плівка є сенсибілізатором під час УФ опромінення. Фотокаталітичний ефект ПАН-TiO2 пояснюється синергетичним ефектом між ПАН і TiO2, що сприяє ефективності міграції фотогенерованих носіїв на міжфазній границі ПАН-TiO2 (EПР). Математичний аналіз ілюструє швидкість деградації фенолу за рахунок кривих з поліномами 4 і 6 степенів.In the present paper, polyaniline (PANI) has been successfully synthesized on the surface of TiO2 nanoparticles of different nature. The morphology, particle size, optical activity and photocatalytic performance of the obtained materials were systematically studied by various analytical techniques. Ultravioletvisible (UV-Vis), EPR characterizations of PANI-TiO2 nanocomposites confirmed interactions between the polymer and TiO2 nanoparticles. The EPR results show that nanocomposite sample m1, in which PANI retains a more ordered structure, can be preferred for use as a photocatalyst. Photocatalytic properties of PANI-TiO2 nanocomposites were examined by degradation of phenol with a concentration of 50 mg l – 1 under UV light irradiation. The results showed that phenol degradation occurs maximally during the first 10 min for systems with P25 in comparison with anatase systems. The maximum value of V is 4.50 %/min for sample m1 (PANI-TiO2-P25). Due to the synergistic effect between PANI and TiO2, it is capable of absorbing visible light more efficiently and decreasing the process of electron-hole recombination. It was stated that the polyaniline film is a good sensitizer after UV irradiation. The excellent photocatalytic effect of PANI-TiO2 is attributed to the synergistic effect between PANI and TiO2 which promotes the migration efficiency of the photogenerated carriers at the PANI-TiO2 interface (EPR). Mathematical analysis illustrates the rate of phenol degradation by the curves with fourth and sixth order polynomials

Fixação esquelética externa em fratura tarsometatársica de seriema (Cariama cristata): relato de caso External skeletal fixation in tarsumetatarsus fracture of red-legged seriema (Cariama cristata): a case report

Uma seriema (Cariama cristata) adulta foi atendida com histórico de traumatismo por tentativa de captura. A ave apresentava dificuldade de apoio do membro pélvico direito, dor à manipulação e fratura exposta do osso tarsometatarso. Optou-se pelo tratamento cirúrgico com redução fechada, utilizando-se fixador esquelético externo tipo II, com barra de conexão acrílica. A técnica cirúrgica utilizada foi satisfatória para o tratamento da fratura, possibilitando reparação óssea e retorno funcional do membro 60 dias após a cirurgia.<br>An adult red-legged seriema (Cariama cristata) was referred for examination with history of trauma by capture. The physical examination revealed lameness in the right pelvic limb, sensibility to touch and open fracture of tarsumetatarsus. The treatment was done with surgical closed reduction using a external skeletal fixator type II with acrylic connecting bar. The surgical technique applied was satisfactory for the treatment of the fracture of tarsumetatarsus, since there was bone healing and functional return of the limb at 60 days after surgery