Life is short, stay awake: death anxiety and bedtime procrastination

In the present study, the relation between bedtime procrastination and death anxiety, and also the moderator roles of gender and purpose in life were investigated. Data were collected from 245 participants through an online survey. The results revealed that gender, but not purpose in life, moderated the relation between death anxiety and bedtime procrastination. The effect of death anxiety on bedtime procrastination was significant only for males. Further, this effect was still significant even after controlling circadian energy and self-control. The findings can be explained based on the Terror Management Theory. Bedtime procrastination can be considered risk-taking behavior, and it functions as a world view for males. Moreover, males might have regarded sleep as a waste of time, and therefore, delayed bedtime to increase their nonsleeping lifetime

Autophagy as a physiological response of the body to starvation

Macroautophagy is a cellular degradation pathway that deliver cytoplasmic components such as damaged organelles, misfolded proteins, and pathogens to the lysosomes for degradation. Autophagy is associated with the survival of the cell under stress conditions and infections. Nutrient deprivation is one of the main inducers of autophagy, which recycles cytoplasmic components to provide building blocks required for cell survival and maintains cellular homeostasis. Due to its cytoprotective effects, autophagic responses are necessary in resisting diseases and ensuring health. Understanding the regulation of autophagic responses in mammalian cells is required to improve human health through innovations in treatment strategies. This chapter focuses on recent findings about autophagy mechanisms and their role in the body’s response to starvation as well as the current knowledge of autophagy-related malnutrition disorders

Yatırım ve Finansman Kararlarının Piyasa Değerine Etkisi The Impact of Investment and Financing Decisions on Market Value in Turkey

Yatırım ve finansman kararlarının etkinliği, sermaye maliyetinin düşürülmesi ve bunun sonucunda piyasa değerinin maksimize edilmesinde belirleyici bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu çerçevede, firmaların finansal performanslarını arttırarak, sürdürebilir rekabet avantajlarını koruma istekleri yatırım ile finansman kararlarının ve ilgili göstergelerin piyasa değeri üzerindeki etkisinin araştırılmasını önemli ve gerekli kılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yatırım ve finansman kararlarının piyasa değerine etkisini analiz ederek, ilgili kararların piyasa değerini hangi yönde etkilediğini ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaçla, çalışmada 2010-2014 yılları arasında verilerine düzenli olarak ulaşılabilen halka açık 274 reel sektör firması alınmış ve panel veri analizi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, yatırım kararlarını verimlilik düzeyinde açıklayan değişkenlerden maddi duran varlık devir hızı ve yeniden yatırım oranı ile karlılık düzeyinde açıklayan aktif karlılık oranı değişkenlerinin firmaların piyasa değeri üzerinde olumlu bir etkisinin olduğu görülmektedir. Yatırım kararlarını, verimlilik düzeyinde açıklayan borç ve aktif devir hızı oranlarının piyasa değerini negatif etkilediği, alacak ve stok devir hızının ise piyasa değerine etki etmediği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, finansman kararlarını temsil eden sermaye yapısı ve likidite düzeyinin ise ilgili dönemde firmaların piyasa değeri üzerinde etkisinin olmadığı belirlenmiştir. The effectiveness of investment and financing decisions has a decisive role in lowering the cost of capital and, ultimately in maximizing market value. It is significant and necessary to explore the impact of investing, financing decisions and relevant indicators on market value with considering firms' financial performance and protecting their sustainable competitive advantage. The objective of this paper is to examine the impact of investing and financing decisions on the market value and to determine in which direction these relevant decisions affect the market value. For this purpose, 274 real public sector firms, which are regularly accessible during 2010-2014 have been selected and panel data analysis have been utilized. Findings state that asset turnover rate, the rate of reinvestment variable which explain the investment decisions at the level of productivity, and the return on assets have a positive effect on the market value of the firms. Furthermore, debt turnover rate and the asset turnover rate which explain the investment decisions at the level of productivity negatively affect the market value, while the receivables turnover and stock turnover ratios have no effect. Additionally, capital structure and liquidity level representing financing decisions have been found no significant effect on the market value

Comparision of clinical and electrophysiological staging in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Amaçlar: Karpal tünel sendromu teshis edilen hastalarda klinik ve elektrofizyolojik evrelemeler arasındaki iliskinin arastırılmasıdır. Gereç ve yöntemler: Karpal tünel sendromu saptanan 127 el (90 hasta) incelendi. Hastalar klinik olarak ve elektrofizyolojik olarak evrelendi. Her iki evreleme arasındaki iliski incelendi. Karpal tünel sendromu tanısı, medyan sinir trasesindeki, parestezi, agrı, medyan sinir innervasyonlu alanlarda duyu kaybı, medyan sinir innervasyonlu kaslarda motor güçsüzlük ve atrofi olması, Phalen testi veTinel testi pozitifligi ile konuldu. Bulgular: Hastaların klinik evrelemesi ile elektrofizyolojik evrelemesi arasında anlamlı bir iliski saptandı (p=0.000). Hastaların klinik evreleri arttıkça elektrofizyolojik olarak da agır derecelerde karpal tünel sendromu ile uyumlu bulgular elde edilmekteydi. Sonuç: Pratikte klinik ve elektrofizyolojik olarak uyumsuz vakalara rastlansa da hastaların medyan sinir kompresyonunun derecesi klinik muayeneler ile tahmin edilebilir düsüncesindeyiz.Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the clinical and electrophysiological stages in patients diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome. Material and methods: One hundered twentyeight hands (90 patients) with carpal tunnel syndrome were investigated. Patients were staged clinically and electrophysiologically. The relationship between these stages was investigated. Diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome was made according to the presence of paresthesia, pain in the innervation area of the median nerve, weakness and atrophy in the median nerve innervated muscles, positive Phalen and Tinnel tests. Results: A significant correlation was found between clinical and electrophysiological staging of patients. The electrophysiological findings were more severe as the clinical stage progressed. Conclusions: We suggest that although there may sometimes be a discordance between clinical and electrophysiological stages in clinical practice, the severity of the compression of the median nerve can usually be estimated by clinical examination

Diagnosis of comorbid migraine without aura in patients with idiopathic/genetic epilepsy based on the gray zone approach to the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3 criteria

BackgroundMigraine without aura (MwoA) is a very frequent and remarkable comorbidity in patients with idiopathic/genetic epilepsy (I/GE). Frequently in clinical practice, diagnosis of MwoA may be challenging despite the guidance of current diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3 (ICHD-3). In this study, we aimed to disclose the diagnostic gaps in the diagnosis of comorbid MwoA, using a zone concept, in patients with I/GEs with headaches who were diagnosed by an experienced headache expert.MethodsIn this multicenter study including 809 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of I/GE with or without headache, 163 patients who were diagnosed by an experienced headache expert as having a comorbid MwoA were reevaluated. Eligible patients were divided into three subgroups, namely, full diagnosis, zone I, and zone II according to their status of fulfilling the ICHD-3 criteria. A Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis was performed to bring out the meaningful predictors when evaluating patients with I/GEs for MwoA comorbidity, using the variables that were significant in the univariate analysis.ResultsLonger headache duration (<4 h) followed by throbbing pain, higher visual analog scale (VAS) scores, increase of pain by physical activity, nausea/vomiting, and photophobia and/or phonophobia are the main distinguishing clinical characteristics of comorbid MwoA in patients with I/GE, for being classified in the full diagnosis group. Despite being not a part of the main ICHD-3 criteria, the presence of associated symptoms mainly osmophobia and also vertigo/dizziness had the distinguishing capability of being classified into zone subgroups. The most common epilepsy syndromes fulfilling full diagnosis criteria (n = 62) in the CART analysis were 48.39% Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy followed by 25.81% epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures alone.ConclusionLonger headache duration, throbbing pain, increase of pain by physical activity, photophobia and/or phonophobia, presence of vertigo/dizziness, osmophobia, and higher VAS scores are the main supportive associated factors when applying the ICHD-3 criteria for the comorbid MwoA diagnosis in patients with I/GEs. Evaluating these characteristics could be helpful to close the diagnostic gaps in everyday clinical practice and fasten the diagnostic process of comorbid MwoA in patients with I/GEs

The efects of institutional inverstors on the development of capital markets: Evidence from Turkey

Anahtar Kelimeler: Kurumsal Yatırımcılar Gelişmekte olan Piyasalar Piyasa Değeri Panel Veri Analizi ÖZETKurumsal Yatırımcılar, gelişmekte olan piyasalarda her zaman önemli bir yere sahip olmuşlardır. Sermaye piyasası geliştikçe, kurumsal yatırımcıların önemi de artmaktadır. Bu nedenle, kurumsal yatırımcılar piyasa tercihleri, hangi hisse senetlerine yatırım yaptıkları, hisse senedi getirileri ve piyasa değerine etkileri bakımından önemli bir yer teşkil etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, İstanbul Menkul Kıymetler Borsası’nda (İMKB) işlem gören firmalara yatırım yapan yerli ve yabancı kurumsal yatırım paylarının firmaların piyasa değerlerine etkisini ortaya koymaktır. Bu çalışmanın diğer çalışmalardan farkı, İMKB gibi gelişmekte olan bir sermaye piyasasında, farklı analiz teknikleri kullanmasıdır. Bu çalışmada, 2005-2007 yılları arasında İMKB’de işlem gören ve reel sektör firmalarını kapsayan fixed effects panel veri analizi kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca, sektör bazında yerli ve yabancı kurumsal yatırım paylarının, firma piyasa değerine etkisindeki değişimi görebilmek için İMKB Ulusal Sınaî ve İMKB Ulusal Hizmetler endeksinde yer alan firmaları kapsayan between effects regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Firma bazında açıklayıcı değişkenler, performans ve kontrol değişkenlerinin analizi sonucunda, yabancı kurumsal yatırım paylarının, firmaların piyasa değerini yerli kurumsal yatırım paylarına oranla daha çok arttırdığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu çalışma, gelişmekte olan bir sermaye piyasasında, kurumsal yatırımcı kapsamında yabancı fon ve yabancı tüzel yatırım paylarının, firmaların piyasa değerleri üzerine olumlu ve anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğunu göstermektedir. Keywords: Institutional Investors, Emerging Markets, Market Capitalization Panel Data AnalysisABSTRACTInstitutional investors have always been important participants of the emerging markets. The significance of institutional investors has increased as the markets developed over time. Given the growing importance of institutional investors, more needs to be taken about their preferences, namely, the stocks which they invest, the stock returns and their impact on market capitalization. The purpose of this thesis is to explore how the market capitalization of the Turkish listed companies is affected by fractional institutional ownership in terms of being domestic and foreign. This thesis is unique because it employs different analysis techniques in a developing market, namely ISE. This study employs panel data analysis on a sample of 472 firm-year observations for Real Sector firms in Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) covering the time span of 3 years over the 2005-2007 periods. The between effects regression analysis is also conducted on the ISE National Industrials and ISE National Services to see the differences on the effects of fractional domestic and foreign institutional ownership on market capitalization. In fixed effects model, after controlling for a variety of operating performance and firm-level control variables, the results indicate that the fractional foreign institutional ownership variables are associated with an increase in market capitalization in comparison to domestic ones. This study provides evidences from an emerging market about the fact that the fraction of shares held by foreign fund and corporate institutional investors has a positive and significant effect on firm market capitalization