Knowledge, Attitude and Nutritional Status in Pregnant Women

Background: Nutrition during pregnancy is essential for a healthy pregnancy and childbirth. Malnutritionduring pregnancy may cause a negative impact for both mother and fetus. Pregnant women have to replenishtheir nutritional intake so they have to know nutritional needs for pregnancy. This study aims to evaluatethe association between knowledge towards the attitude and nutritional status among pregnant women inJatinangor Primary Health Care.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study and the subjects were 75 pregnant women selected by consecutive sampling while they attending Puskesmas Jatinangor for antenatal follow up in October until November2012. Knowledge and attitude was assessed using a questionnaire. The level of knowledge and attitudes were categorized into insufficient, sufficient and good. Nutritional status was assessed by measuring themid upper arm circumference. The level of nutritional status was categorized into good nutritional statusand lower nutritional status.Result: Out of 75 respondents, 24 respondents had good knowledge, 39 respondents had sufficientknowledge and 12 respondents had insufficient knowledge. 15 respondents had good attitude, 51respondents had sufficient attitude, 9 had insufficient attitude. 62 respondents had good nutritional statusand 13 respondents had lower nutritional statusConclusion: Most of subjects have sufficient knowledge and attitude, and majority of the respondents havegood nutritional status. There was significant relationship between knowledge and attitude (p=0.02) andno significant relationship between knowledge and nutrition status (p=0.666). Based on this study, it isexpected to conduct further study about other factors which affect the knowledge, attitude, and practice ofpregnant women to improve the nutritional status. [AMJ.2015;2(1):231–4

Students’ Perception on Ideal Age of Marriage and Childbearing

Background: Early-age marriage is still common in Indonesia, especially in the rural areas. There are many negative effects of the marriage; the young brides may get lower education, lower social status, minimum reproduction control, higher maternal mortality, higher domestic violence rate and others. Thus, this study is conducted to identify the students’ perception on the ideal age of marriage and childbearing.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from June to September 2013 in Jatinangor using secondary data from Jatinangor Cohort Survey Team. The data comprised two hundred and twenty students from Jatinangor Senior High School and PGRI Vocational School. A hundred and ten males and a hundred and ten females were chosen by random sampling. Questionnaires were given after the written informed consent was obtained from the students.Results: The results showed 74.55% of the students chose 19¬–24 years old as the ideal age of marriage for a woman and 68.64% students chose 25–30 years old as the ideal age of marriage for a man. Moreover, forchildbearing, 25–30 years old was chosen to be the ideal age for both man and woman. The percentage of students agreed to this was 74.55% and 54.09% respectively.Conclusions: Majority of the students agreed on 19–24 years old and 25–30 years old as the ideal age of marriage for woman and man respectively. For childbearing, 25–30 years old was concluded as the ideal agefor both genders. [AMJ.2015;2(4):591–6] DOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n4.66

Knowledge and Attitude of Senior High School Students in Jatinangor towards Sexually Transmitted Infections in 2013

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are major health problem. Until today, the prevalence of STIs is still high and the incidence is increasing. Almost half of STIs new cases occur in adolescents andyoung adults. It is assumed that there is a positive correlation of knowledge about STIs with attitude and practices; therefore, giving proper information of STIs to adolescents could influence their safe sexual practices, and further, it can prevent STIs to occur. The objective of this study is to discover knowledge and attitude of senior high school students in Jatinangor towards STIs.Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in Sekolah Menengah Atas Persatuan Guru Republik Indonesia (SMA PGRI) Jatinangor and Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri (SMAN) Jatinangor from May to September 2013. Questionnaires were completed by 278 respondents selected by stratified cluster random sampling.Results: More than half respondents had poor knowledge about STIs (56.5%) while 53.2% of the respondents had positive attitude towards STIs. Most mentioned choices as the information source of STIs were teacher(66.5%), followed by television/radio (45.3%), friends (37.8%), newspaper/magazine (21.2%), mother (16.2%), sibling (7.2%), and father (6.5%). Conclusions: More detail information about STIs is needed by adolescents as a way to encourage safe sexual practices. Teacher and parents are expected to be the source information of STIs while mass media can alsobe used to educate adolescents. Education on STIs for teachers is also needed since they are as the main source for educating the adolescents. [AMJ.2015;2(4):568–74] DOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n4.65

Knowledge, Attitude and Nutritional Status in Pregnant Women

Background: Nutrition during pregnancy is essential for a healthy pregnancy and childbirth. Malnutritionduring pregnancy may cause a negative impact for both mother and fetus. Pregnant women have to replenishtheir nutritional intake so they have to know nutritional needs for pregnancy. This study aims to evaluatethe association between knowledge towards the attitude and nutritional status among pregnant women inJatinangor Primary Health Care.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study and the subjects were 75 pregnant women selected by consecutive sampling while they attending Puskesmas Jatinangor for antenatal follow up in October until November2012. Knowledge and attitude was assessed using a questionnaire. The level of knowledge and attitudes were categorized into insufficient, sufficient and good. Nutritional status was assessed by measuring themid upper arm circumference. The level of nutritional status was categorized into good nutritional statusand lower nutritional status.Result: Out of 75 respondents, 24 respondents had good knowledge, 39 respondents had sufficientknowledge and 12 respondents had insufficient knowledge. 15 respondents had good attitude, 51respondents had sufficient attitude, 9 had insufficient attitude. 62 respondents had good nutritional statusand 13 respondents had lower nutritional statusConclusion: Most of subjects have sufficient knowledge and attitude, and majority of the respondents havegood nutritional status. There was significant relationship between knowledge and attitude (p=0.02) andno significant relationship between knowledge and nutrition status (p=0.666). Based on this study, it isexpected to conduct further study about other factors which affect the knowledge, attitude, and practice ofpregnant women to improve the nutritional status. [AMJ.2015;2(1):231–4

Students’ Perception on Ideal Age of Marriage and Childbearing

Background: Early-age marriage is still common in Indonesia, especially in the rural areas. There are many negative effects of the marriage; the young brides may get lower education, lower social status, minimum reproduction control, higher maternal mortality, higher domestic violence rate and others. Thus, this study is conducted to identify the students’ perception on the ideal age of marriage and childbearing.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from June to September 2013 in Jatinangor using secondary data from Jatinangor Cohort Survey Team. The data comprised two hundred and twenty students from Jatinangor Senior High School and PGRI Vocational School. A hundred and ten males and a hundred and ten females were chosen by random sampling. Questionnaires were given after the written informed consent was obtained from the students.Results: The results showed 74.55% of the students chose 19¬–24 years old as the ideal age of marriage for a woman and 68.64% students chose 25–30 years old as the ideal age of marriage for a man. Moreover, forchildbearing, 25–30 years old was chosen to be the ideal age for both man and woman. The percentage of students agreed to this was 74.55% and 54.09% respectively.Conclusions: Majority of the students agreed on 19–24 years old and 25–30 years old as the ideal age of marriage for woman and man respectively. For childbearing, 25–30 years old was concluded as the ideal agefor both genders. [AMJ.2015;2(4):591–6] DOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n4.66

FAKTOR DETERMINAN SOSIAL DAN FUNGSI KELUARGA YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KUALITAS HIDUP PENDERITA NYERI PUNGGUNG BAWAH LANJUT USIA

Latar Belakang : Prevalensi dan insidensi nyeri punggung bawah (NPB) pada lanjut usia (lansia) menunjukkan peningkatan. Dampak NPB adalah nyeri,spasme pada otot, fleksibilitas punggung berkurang, fungsi punggung terganggu, keterbatasan dalam melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari (AKS) dan kualitas hidup yang kurang. Faktor determinan sosial seperti jenis kelamin, usia, tingkat pendidikan, status ekonomi, kepemilikan asuransi kesehatan dan fungsi keluarga merupakan faktor yang dapat berhubungan dengan kualitas hidup lansia penderita NPB. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis hubungan determinan sosial dan fungsi keluarga dengan kualitas hidup lansia dengan NPB. Manfaat penelitian adalah sebagai sumber informasi pengetahuan dan meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan di layanan kesehatan primer terutama upaya promotif dan preventif.Metode : Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan kasus kontrol. Subyek penelitian adalah lansia yang mengalami NPB di daerah praktik lapangan Interprofessional Education Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro, Puskesmas Rowosari Semarang. Determinan sosial yang dinilai adalah  tingkat pendidikan, status ekonomi, jenis kelamin, usia dan kepemilikan asuransi kesehatan. Fungsi fisiologis keluarga diukur dengan APGAR dan fungsi patologis keluarga diukur dengan SCREEM.  Kualitas hidup dinilai dengan SF-36. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji Chi Squre.Hasil :. Hasil uji dengan chi square menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara usia dengan kualitas hidup lansia penderita NPB (p=0,18), jenis kelamin dengan kualitas hidup lansia penderita NPB (p=0,82). Tingkat pendidikan (p=0,006, OR=8,31,SD=1,71-40,32) dan status ekonomi (p-0,00, OR=7,84, SD=2,82-21,77) serta kepemilikan asuransi kesehatan (p=0,005, OR=4,43, SD=1,65-11,89) menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna dengan kualitas hidup penderita NPB lansia.  Fungsi fisiologis (0,00, OR=30,86, SD=6,43-148-18) dan fungsi patologis (p=0,00, OR=44,18, SD=9,04-216,03) keluarga menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna dengan kualitas hidup penderita NPB lansia  .Simpulan : Terdapat hubungan antara tingkat pendidikan, status ekonomi, kepemilikan asuransi kesehatan, fungsi fisiologis dan fungsi patologis keluarga dengan kualitas hidup lansia penderita NPB. Kata kunci : determinan sosial, fungsi keluarga, kualitas hidup, nyeri punggung bawah, lansia

Patient Satisfaction with National Health Insurance and Public Health Center Accreditation: Lessons Learnt from Majalengka Regency, Indonesia

Background: Perceptions of patient satisfaction influence the quality of the public health center (Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat, Puskesmas) services. This study aimed to determine the differences in the level of patient satisfaction with national health insurance and the accreditation status of Puskesmas.Methods: This quantitative analytical study using a cross-sectional method was conducted at four Puskesmas in Majalengka Regency from October to November 2021 using a purposive sampling technique. The instrument used was the community satisfaction instrument (IKM-29) questionnaire , with the variable measured being the level of satisfaction. Data was transformed into numerical form using Rasch modelling and analyzed using the Chi-Square, independent-t, and one-way ANOVA tests.Results: A total of 273 respondents consisted of insured (Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional, JKN) and non-insured (non-JKN) respondents, resulting in the satisfaction mean value between JKN and non-JKN patients of 2.50 and 2.51 (p-value= 0.926). Satisfaction at Puskesmas levels 1 (Dasar), 2 (Madya), 3 (Utama), and 4 (Paripurna) was 2.15, 2.23, 2.56, 3.03, respectively (p-value = 0.002), indicating an increase in the level of satisfaction at the Puskesmas accreditation level.Conclusion: There is no difference in satisfaction between respondents using JKN and non-JKN. However, there is an increase in satisfaction related to the Puskesmas accreditation level. It is recommended for each Puskesmas to maintain the same service to all patients and improve the quality of service, especially in service dimensions that are considered inferior. Additionally, it is necessary to review the minimum standard value for accreditation programs

Evaluation on the Implementation of Rural-Based Program for Undergraduate Medical Student

Evaluation of a program is needed to determine whether the program could be implemented and generate inputs to improve the program. The objective of this study was to evaluate the implementation of community-based programs for medical clerkship students in rural areas. This research was a qualitative study using interpretivism paradigm and case study approach. Data collection method was focus group discussions with the head of publichealth center (puskesmas) and preceptor. Data were analyzed through transcription, coding, categorization, and generating theme. The study was conducted from August 2015 to November 2016 in Sukabumi and Cianjur, West Java. Triangulation method and member check were conducted to elicit valid and reliable data. Two focus group discussions were conducted with 11 informants comprises 5 heads of puskesmas and 6 preceptors. There were 7 themes generated from the discussion. The themes were socialized and disseminate the information; collaboration and local government involvement; integration of education and service; encourage lifelong learning; encourage the improvement of performance; skill enhancement; and sustainability. Implementation of community-based medical education curriculum in rural areas has been implemented. Sustainability of the curriculum is needed to contribute to the improvement of community health status. EVALUASI IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM ILMU KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT DI DAERAH PEDESAAN UNTUK PROGRAM PROFESI DOKTER  Evaluasi sebuah program dibutuhkan untuk mengetahui apakah program tersebut dapat dilaksanakan dan mendapatkan masukan yang akan digunakan dalam rangka memperbaiki program. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan evaluasi pelaksanaan program pendidikan kedokteran berbasis daerah pedesaan untuk mahasiswa profesi dokter. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan paradigma interpretivism dan pendekatan studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan diskusi kelompok terarah kepada kepala puskesmas dan preseptor lapangan. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada bulan Agustus 2015 sampai November 2016 di Sukabumi dan Cianjur, Jawa Barat. Analisis data hasil wawancara dilakukan melalui proses transkripsi, koding, kategorisasi, dan penyusunan tema. Triangulasi dan member check dilakukan untuk mendapatkan data yang valid dan reliabel. Dua diskusi kelompok terarah dilakukan kepada 11 informan yang terdiri atas 5 orang kepala puskesmas dan 6 orang preseptor. Berdasar atas hasil diskusi didapatkan 7 tema dalam evaluasi kurikulum pendidikan, yaitu sosialisasi dan diseminasi informasi; kolaborasi dan keterlibatan pemerintah setempat; integrasi pendidikan dan pelayanan; mendorong pembelajaran sepanjang hayat; mendorong peningkatan kinerja staf; pemahiran keterampilan; serta keberlanjutan. Pelaksanaan kurikulum pendidikan kedokteran berbasis komunitas di daerah pedesaan telah dilakukan dengan baik, hal ini terlihat dari beberapa manfaat yang dikemukakan oleh informan. Agar implementasi kurikulum ini memberikan hasil yang lebih baik untuk masyarakat dibutuhkan keberlanjutan program

Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children in 2015:a systematic review and modelling study

Background: We have previously estimated that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was associated with 22% of all episodes of (severe) acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) resulting in 55 000 to 199 000 deaths in children younger than 5 years in 2005. In the past 5 years, major research activity on RSV has yielded substantial new data from developing countries. With a considerably expanded dataset from a large international collaboration, we aimed to estimate the global incidence, hospital admission rate, and mortality from RSV-ALRI episodes in young children in 2015. Methods: We estimated the incidence and hospital admission rate of RSV-associated ALRI (RSV-ALRI) in children younger than 5 years stratified by age and World Bank income regions from a systematic review of studies published between Jan 1, 1995, and Dec 31, 2016, and unpublished data from 76 high quality population-based studies. We estimated the RSV-ALRI incidence for 132 developing countries using a risk factor-based model and 2015 population estimates. We estimated the in-hospital RSV-ALRI mortality by combining in-hospital case fatality ratios with hospital admission estimates from hospital-based (published and unpublished) studies. We also estimated overall RSV-ALRI mortality by identifying studies reporting monthly data for ALRI mortality in the community and RSV activity. Findings: We estimated that globally in 2015, 33·1 million (uncertainty range [UR] 21·6–50·3) episodes of RSV-ALRI, resulted in about 3·2 million (2·7–3·8) hospital admissions, and 59 600 (48 000–74 500) in-hospital deaths in children younger than 5 years. In children younger than 6 months, 1·4 million (UR 1·2–1·7) hospital admissions, and 27 300 (UR 20 700–36 200) in-hospital deaths were due to RSV-ALRI. We also estimated that the overall RSV-ALRI mortality could be as high as 118 200 (UR 94 600–149 400). Incidence and mortality varied substantially from year to year in any given population. Interpretation: Globally, RSV is a common cause of childhood ALRI and a major cause of hospital admissions in young children, resulting in a substantial burden on health-care services. About 45% of hospital admissions and in-hospital deaths due to RSV-ALRI occur in children younger than 6 months. An effective maternal RSV vaccine or monoclonal antibody could have a substantial effect on disease burden in this age group

Knowledge, Attitude and Nutritional Status in Pregnant Women

Background: Nutrition during pregnancy is essential for a healthy pregnancy and childbirth. Malnutrition during pregnancy may cause a negative impact for both mother and fetus. Pregnant women have to replenish their nutritional intake so they have to know nutritional needs for pregnancy. This study aims to evaluate the association between knowledge towards the attitude and nutritional status among pregnant women in Jatinangor Primary Health Care. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study and the subjects were 75 pregnant women selected by consecutive sampling while they attending Puskesmas Jatinangor for antenatal follow up in October until November2012. Knowledge and attitude was assessed using a questionnaire. The level of knowledge and attitudes were categorized into insufficient, sufficient and good. Nutritional status was assessed by measuring the mid upper arm circumference. The level of nutritional status was categorized into good nutritional status and lower nutritional status. Result: Out of 75 respondents, 24 respondents had good knowledge, 39 respondents had sufficient knowledge and 12 respondents had insufficient knowledge. 15 respondents had good attitude, 51 respondents had sufficient attitude, 9 had insufficient attitude. 62 respondents had good nutritional status and 13 respondents had lower nutritional status Conclusion: Most of subjects have sufficient knowledge and attitude, and majority of the respondents have good nutritional status. There was significant relationship between knowledge and attitude (p=0.02) and no significant relationship between knowledge and nutrition status (p=0.666). Based on this study, it is expected to conduct further study about other factors which affect the knowledge, attitude, and practice of pregnant women to improve the nutritional status