KARAKTERISTIK SEBARAN SEDIMEN DAN LAJU SEDIMENTASI PERAIRAN TELUK BANTEN

Teluk Banten di Utara Kota Serang, Banten, menampung berbagai muatan sedimen dari 7 (tujuh) sungai yang bermuara di teluk ini. Penelitian yang dilakukan pada Oktober 2008 di perairan teluk ini bertujuan untuk memahami karakteristik sebaran sedimen permukaan dan komposisi bahan organik serta laju sedimentasi sebagai bagian dari penelitian karbon laut di Indonesia. Metode yang dilakukan adalah metode deskriptif, dengan memeriksa sedimen yang diambil menggunakan grab sampler. Analisis sedimen meliputi pengukuran tekstur sedimen, bahan organik total atau Total Organic Matter (TOM) dan laju sedimentasi; analisis perairan meliputi bahan organik terlarut dan total padatan tersuspensi atau Total Suspended Solids (TSS). Dalam klasifikasi pasir, debu dan liat, sampel yang dikumpulkan dari Teluk Banten menunjukkan tekstur sedimen pasir rata-rata sebesar 54,86 %, sedangkan nilai TOM dan karbon organik berkisar 5,33 - 20,57 % dan 0,47 - 3,44 %. Laju sedimentasi tercatat berkisar antara 0,011 - 0,035 kg/m2/hari dengan komposisi tertinggi pada tekstur pasir

Variability in the organic carbon stocks, sources, and accumulation rates of Indonesian mangrove ecosystems

Mangrove ecosystems are an important natural carbon sink that accumulate and store large amounts of organic carbon (Corg), in particular in the sediment. However, the magnitude of carbon stocks and the rate of carbon accumulation (CAR) vary geographically due to a large variation of local factors. In order to better understand the blue carbon sink of mangrove ecosystems, we measured organic carbon stocks, sources and accumulation rates in three Indonesian mangrove ecosystems with different environmental settings and conditions; (i) a degraded estuarine mangrove forest in the Segara Anakan Lagoon (SAL), Central Java, (ii) an undegraded estuarine mangrove forest in Berau region, East Kalimantan, and (iii) a pristine marine mangrove forest on Kongsi Island, Thousand Islands, Jakarta. In general, Corg stocks were higher in estuarine than in marine mangroves, although a large variation was observed among the estuarine mangroves. The mean total Corg stock in Berau (615 ± 181 Mg C ha−1) is twice as high as that in SAL (298 ± 181 Mg C ha−1). However, the Segara Anakan Lagoon displayed large within-system variation with a much higher Corg stock in the eastern (483 ± 124 Mg C ha−1) than in the central lagoon (167 ± 36 Mg C ha−1). The predominant accumulation of autochthonous mangrove organic matter likely contributed to the higher Corg stocks in Berau and the eastern SAL. Interestingly, the CAR distribution pattern in SAL is opposite to that of its Corg stocks. The central SAL that receives high sediment inputs from the hinterland has a much higher CAR than the eastern SAL (658 ± 311 g C m−2 yr−1 and 194 ± 46 g C m−2 yr−1, respectively), while Berau has one of the highest CAR (1722 ± 183 g C m−2 yr−1) ever measured. It appears that these large differences are driven by the environmental setting and conditions, mainly sediment dynamics and hydrodynamics, landform, and vegetation conditions. It is inferred that quantifying carbon accumulation in sediments is a useful tool in estimating the present-day carbon storage of mangrove ecosystems. This is a precondition for taking measures under REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries) schemes

Ekologi dan Struktur Komunitas Lamun di Teluk Ratatotok, Minahasa Tenggara, Sulawesi Utara

Penelitian mengenai ekologi dan struktur komunitas lamun ini dilakukan tanggal 10 – 15 Juni 2013 di perairan pesisir Teluk Ratatotok, Minahasa Tenggara. Metode penelitian dilakukan secara purposive sampling terkait dengan keberadaan lamun. Penelitian yang dilakukan meliputi pengukuran prosentase tutupan lamun, kerapatan, struktur komunitas, dan kondisi lingkungan di lokasi penelitian. Terdapat tujuh jenis lamun yang terdiri dari dua famili. Famili Hydrocharitaceae ditemukan tiga jenis lamun yaitu Enhalus acoroides (Ea), Thalassia hemprichii (Th) dan Halophila ovalis (Ho). Empat jenis lamun dari famili Cymodoceaceae yaitu Cymodocea serrulata (Cs), Cymodocea rotundata (Cr), Halodule pinifolia (Hp), dan Syringodium isoetifolium (Si). Kisaran prosentase penutupan rata-rata antara 22,5% - 89,5%. Kerapatan lamun perstasiun berkisar antara 17 – 473 ind/m2, dengan kerapatan tertinggi lamun jenis Ho sebesar 473 ind/m2 di stasiun 6. Nilai INP tertinggi pada lamun jenis Ea sebesar 128% diikuti berturut-turut oleh Si (41%), Th (36%), Ho (27%), Cs (26%), Cr (24%) dan Hp (17%). Berdasarkan kriteria status kondisi padang lamun (Kepmen LH no 200 tahun 2004), kondisi padang lamun di Teluk Ratatotok antara rusak/miskin sampai dengan baik/sehat. Stasiun 5 kondisi rusak/miskin, stasiun 3 dan 4 kondisi rusak/kurang sehat dan tiga stasiun kondisi baik/sehat yaitu stasiun 1, 2 dan 6. Secara keseluruhan kondisi lingkungaan Teluk Ratatotok masih mendukung pertumbuhan lamun

Ekosistem Lamun Sebagai Bioindikator Lingkungan Di P. Lembeh, Bitung, Sulawesi Utara

Seagrass ecosystem has a function of spawning, nursery, and feeding ground. Besides, it could be used as a bio-indicator of environmental health. This study of seagrass ecosystem was done in 17- 22 May 2014 in Lembeh Island and Tanjung Merah, Bitung. The purpose of the study is to obtain existing condition of seagrass ecosystem and its role as environment bio-indicator. Purposive sampling method was used representing all study sites. Structure analysis of seagrass communities describes the existing condition, while scoring / weighting method estimate current condition of the seagrass. Results that show there are seven species of seagrass. In the stations opposite to Bitung mainland, 75% of the seagrass are Enhalus acoroides (10-50% covers). Importance value index of the seagrass species were Enhalus acoroides (231–300 %), Thalassia hemprichii ( 102–198 %) and Halophila ovalis (110 %) respectively. Based on the weighting method and environmental standard quality, seagrass ecosystem in Lembeh island opposite to Bitung mainland was in damage and unhealthy condition, while seagrass ecosystem opposite to the open sea was in a good and healthy condition. This was due to the domestic waste that is trapped in seagrass ecosystem in the study site. It is necessary to improve awareness to maintain quality of environmental

Seasonal distribution of anti-malarial drug resistance alleles on the island of Sumba, Indonesia

Background: Drug resistant malaria poses an increasing public health problem in Indonesia, especially eastern Indonesia, where malaria is highly endemic. Widespread chloroquine (CQ) resistance and increasing sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) resistance prompted Indonesia to adopt artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) as first-line therapy in 2004. To help develop a suitable malaria control programme in the district of West Sumba, the seasonal distribution of alleles known to be\ud associated with resistance to CQ and SP among\ud Plasmodium falciparum isolates from the region was investigated.\ud Methods: Plasmodium falciparum isolates were collected during malariometric surveys in the wet and dry seasons in 2007 using two-stage cluster sampling. Analysis of pfcrt, pfmdr, pfmdr1 gene copy number, dhfr, and dhps genes were done using protocols described previously.\ud Results and Discussion: The 76T allele of the pfcrt gene is nearing fixation in this population. Pfmdr1 mutant alleles occurred in 72.8% and 53.3%, predominantly as 1042D and 86Y alleles that are mutuallyexclusive. The prevalence of amplified\ud pfmdr1 was found 41.9% and 42.8% of isolates in the wet and dryseasons, respectively. The frequency of dhfr mutant alleles was much lower, either as a single 108N mutation or paired with 59R. The 437G allele was the only mutant dhps allele detected and it was only found during dry season.\ud Conclusion: The findings demonstrate a slighly higher distribution of drug-resistant alleles during the wet season and support the policy of replacing CQ with ACT in this area, but suggest that SP might still be effective either alone or in combination with other anti-malarial

Carbon, nitrogen and stable carbon isotopes in the sediment core C45 from Central Segara Anakan, Indonesia

What was sampled: Mangrove sediment Parameter measured and method: 1. Organic carbon (Corg), analyzed using elemental analyzer (Eurovector E3000 Elemental Analyzer) 2. Total nitrogen (N), analyzed using elemental analyzer (Eurovector E3000 Elemental Analyzer) 3. Stable carbon isotope composition (δ13Corg), analyzed using Thermo Finnigan Delta plus mass spectrometer coupled to a Flash EA1112 Elemental Analyzer Where was sampled: Central Segara Anakan Lagoon, Central Java, Indonesia When was sampled: Sediment samples were taken in December 2016. How it was sampled: Mangrove sediments were collected using a 1 m long semi-cylindrical auger. Sediments were taken down to 1 m depth, and were sampled in 5 cm interval

Carbon, nitrogen and stable carbon isotopes in the sediment core E44 from Eastern Segara Anakan, Indonesia

What was sampled: Mangrove sediment Parameter measured and method: 1. Organic carbon (Corg), analyzed using elemental analyzer (Eurovector E3000 Elemental Analyzer) 2. Total nitrogen (N), analyzed using elemental analyzer (Eurovector E3000 Elemental Analyzer) 3. Stable carbon isotope composition (δ13Corg), analyzed using Thermo Finnigan Delta plus mass spectrometer coupled to a Flash EA1112 Elemental Analyzer Where was sampled: Eastern Segara Anakan Lagoon, Central Java, Indonesia When was sampled: Sediment samples were taken in December 2016. How it was sampled: Mangrove sediments were collected using a 1 m long semi-cylindrical auger. Sediments were taken down to 1 m depth, and were sampled in 5 cm interval

Carbon, nitrogen and stable carbon isotopes in the sediment core B4 from Berau, Indonesia

What was sampled: Mangrove sediment Parameter measured and method: 1. Organic carbon (Corg), analyzed using elemental analyzer (Eurovector E3000 Elemental Analyzer) 2. Total nitrogen (N), analyzed using elemental analyzer (Eurovector E3000 Elemental Analyzer) 3. Stable carbon isotope composition (δ13Corg), analyzed using Thermo Finnigan Delta plus mass spectrometer coupled to a Flash EA1112 Elemental Analyzer Where was sampled: Berau, East Kalimantan, Indonesia When was sampled: Sediment samples were taken in May 2013 How it was sampled: Mangrove sediments were collected using a 1 m long semi-cylindrical auger. Sediments were taken down to 1 m depth, and were sampled in 5 cm interval

Carbon, nitrogen and stable carbon isotopes in the sediment core K2 from Kongsi Island, Indonesia

What was sampled: Mangrove sediment Parameter measured and method: 1. Organic carbon (Corg), analyzed using elemental analyzer (Eurovector E3000 Elemental Analyzer) 2. Total nitrogen (N), analyzed using elemental analyzer (Eurovector E3000 Elemental Analyzer) 3. Stable carbon isotope composition (δ13Corg), analyzed using Thermo Finnigan Delta plus mass spectrometer coupled to a Flash EA1112 Elemental Analyzer Where was sampled: Kongsi Island, Thousand Islands Marine National Park, Jakarta, Indonesia When was sampled: Sediment samples were taken in December 2016. How it was sampled: Mangrove sediments were collected using a 1 m long semi-cylindrical auger. Sediments were taken down to 1 m depth, and were sampled in 5 cm interval

Carbon, nitrogen and stable carbon isotopes in the sediment core E16 from Eastern Segara Anakan, Indonesia

What was sampled: Mangrove sediment Parameter measured and method: 1. Organic carbon (Corg), analyzed using elemental analyzer (Eurovector E3000 Elemental Analyzer) 2. Total nitrogen (N), analyzed using elemental analyzer (Eurovector E3000 Elemental Analyzer) 3. Stable carbon isotope composition (δ13Corg), analyzed using Thermo Finnigan Delta plus mass spectrometer coupled to a Flash EA1112 Elemental Analyzer Where was sampled: Eastern Segara Anakan Lagoon, Central Java, Indonesia When was sampled: Sediment samples were taken in December 2016. How it was sampled: Mangrove sediments were collected using a 1 m long semi-cylindrical auger. Sediments were taken down to 1 m depth, and were sampled in 5 cm interval