Desentralisasi Fiskal dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Indonesia

The fiscal decentralization in Indonesia has been applied since 2000, the consequences of this policy are given the financial to local governments. However, there are several issues which are whether the delegation of authority given by the central government to the local governments that can contribute to economic growth in the region in the implementation of authority. The role of central government in helping economic growth in the region is reflected in the various kinds of funds transfer that is given, such as DAU, DAK and DBH. By using data of provinces in Java and Sulawesi between 2010 and 2013 and seeing the size of the decentralization of the proxy used is the capability area of the transfer in the creation of economic growth (AII) and the measure capability of local revenue in contributing to economic growth (AIII), so that it will give more objective overview to economic growth in the region during fiscal decentralization. The result of estimation by using random effect indicate that the ratio of capital expenditures to total expenditures of local governments, indicator of fiscal decentralization represented the capability of funds transfer to the establishment of regional income and the contribution of local revenues to total revenues, concluding that fiscal decentralization in Indonesia have an impact on economic growth, especially the contribution of spending conducted by local governments

Analisis Kepuasan Masyarakat Atas Kualitas Pelayanan Kepolisian pada Kantor Direktorat Intelijen Keamanan Polisi Daerah Bengkulu

Hendra Kusuma, Merri Anitasari; Purpose of this study was to determine the intelligence directorate office services at the regional police security Bengkulu. Method data collecting the used is questionnaire. Analysis method the used is Index Satisfaction of Society. Pursuant to result of data analysis and research about service analysis at intelligence directorate office services at the regional police security Bengkulu, hence can be pulled an conclusion that average value per highest service element is clarity care workers of service given by intelligence directorate office services at the regional police security Bengkulu that is with value of unsure service equal to 2,77 and average value per lowest service element that is at certainty of expense equal to 2,41. Value of IKM at intelligence directorate office services at the regional police security Bengkulu equal to 63,9 meaning that service unit performance at intelligence directorate office services at the regional police security Bengkulu is " goodness", because the value reside in among 62,51 - 81,25 residing in a quality of service of B (good)

Analisis Pemasaran Jamur Merang Lembaga Mandiri Mengakar Masyarakat (Lm3) Agrina di Tanjong Paya Kecamatan Peusangan

Usaha jamur merang Lembaga Mandiri Mengakar Masyarakat (LM3) di Desa Tanjong Paya Kecamatan Peusangan Kabupaten Bireuen telah berdiri sejak 2011 dengan jumlah tenaga kerja 3 orang dari warga sekitar tempat produksi. Pengembangan USAha jamur merang mempunyai peluang pasar yang cukup tinggi diantara tingkat Kecamatan dan Kabupaten, karena daya dukung kesesuaian iklim dan aksesibilitas ke berbagai daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui saluran pemasaran jamur merang Lembaga Mandari Mengakar Masyarakat (LM3) Agrina, mengetahui keuntungan dalam pemasaran jamur merang tersebut dan mengetahui margin pemasaran dan tingkat efesiensinya. Pengumpulan data menggunakan instumen wawancara dan kuesioner. Metode analisis data dengan metode kombinasi kualitatif dan kuantitatif yang merupakan pendekatan dalam penelitian yang mengkombinasikan dan menghubungkan antara metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan kualitatif. Data yang dianalisis meliputi biaya pemasaran, lembaga/agen pemasaran pemasaran, keuntungan, dan margin pemasaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem pemasaran jamur merang oleh LM3 Agrina dilakukan dengan 2 saluran yaitu langsung dan tidak langsung. Keuntungan dari saluran pemasaran jamur merang kepada konsumen satu kali masa pemasaran jamur merang diperoleh keuntungan adalah Rp. 6.000.000 sedangkan keuntungan dari saluran pemasaran jamur merang kepada pedagang pengecer dalam satu kali masa pemasaran jamur merang diperoleh keuntungan adalah Rp. 5.250.000. Perbandingan hasil persentase margin pemasaran LM3 Agrina adalah 12,5 % dengan persentase yang diterimanya yaitu 87,5 % USAha ini efisien dikarenakan persentase margin pemasarannya lebih kecil dari persentase bagian yang diterima oleh LM3 Agrina.Kata Kunci : Pemasaran Jamur Merang, Biaya Pemasaran Jamur Merang, Keuntungan dan Margin Pemasaran

Determination of Antioxidant and Anti-Melanogenesis Activities of Indonesian Lai, Durio kutejensis [Bombacaceae (Hassk) Becc] Fruit Extract

Purpose: To investigate the antioxidant and anti-melanogenesis activities of Durio kutejensis [Bombacaceae (Hassk.) Becc] fruit extract.Methods: The fruit flesh of D. kutejensis was extracted successively with n-hexane, ethyl acetate/EtOAc, and ethanol/EtOH at room temperature repeatedly. The extracts were concentrated in vacuo to yield their residues. Antioxidant properties were analyzed by 2,2'-azino-bis(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) while anti-melanogensis activity was evaluated by tyrosinase enzyme activity and B16 melanoma cell assays (melanin inhibition and cytotoxicity).Results: The extract (200 μg/mL) showed melanin inhibition by inhibiting melanin formation in B16 melanoma cell by 47 % without cytotoxicity but did not inhibit tyrosinase enzyme activity. The extract (1 - 1000 μg/mL) also exhibited some level of antioxidant activity including ORAC (0.04 ± 0.00 μmol TE/mg at 950 μg/mL), ABTS (1.0 ± 0.2 % at 100.8 μg/mL), SOD (IC50, 76.00 ± 14.6 μg/mL, and DPPH (21.5 ± 0.7 % at 97.39 μg/mL extract concentration).Conclusion: The fruit extract of Durio kutejensis has antioxidant properties with a potential for treating hyperpigmentation and for use as a skin-lightening agent.Keywords: Durio kutejensis, Antioxidant, Anti-melanogenesis, B16 Melanoma cell Hyperpigmentation, Skin-lightening agen

Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Cytotoxicity of Phaleria macrocarpa (Boerl.) Scheff Fruit

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Phaleria macrocarpa </it>(Scheff.) Boerl (Thymelaceae) originates from Papua Island, Indonesia and grows in tropical areas. The different parts of the fruit of <it>P. macrocarpa </it>were evaluated for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p><it>Phaleria macrocarpa </it>fruit were divided into pericarp, mesocarp and seed. All parts of the fruit were reflux extracted with methanol. The antioxidant activity of the extracts were characterized in various <it>in vitro </it>model systems such as FTC, TBA, DPPH radical, reducing power and NO radical. Anti-inflammatory assays were done by using NO production by macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines induced by LPS/IFN-γ and cytotoxic activities were determined by using several cancer cell lines and one normal cell line</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The results showed that different parts (pericarp, mesocarp, and seed) of <it>Phaleria macrocarpa </it>fruit contain various amount of total phenolic (59.2 ± 0.04, 60.5 ± 0.17, 47.7 ± 1.04 mg gallic acid equivalent/g DW) and flavonoid compounds (161.3 ± 1.58, 131.7 ± 1.66, 35.9 ± 2.47 mg rutin equivalent/g DW). Pericarp and mesocarp showed high antioxidant activities by using DPPH (71.97%, 62.41%), ferric reducing antioxidant power (92.35%, 78.78%) and NO scavenging activity (65.68%, 53.45%). Ferric thiocyanate and thiobarbituric acid tests showed appreciable antioxidant activity in the percentage hydroperoxides inhibitory activity from pericarp and mesocarp in the last day of the assay. Similarly, the pericarp and mesocarp inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthesis with values of 63.4 ± 1.4% and 69.5 ± 1.4% in macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines induced by LPS/IFN-γ indicating their notable anti-inflammatory potential. Cytotoxic activities against HT-29, MCF-7, HeLa and Chang cell lines were observed in all parts.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These results indicated the possible application of <it>P. macrocarpa </it>fruit as a source of bioactive compounds, potent as an antioxidant, anti inflammatory and cytotoxic agents.</p

Peningkatan Hasil Belajar IPA Melalui Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Pada Peserta Didik Kelas V SD Negeri Kyai Mojo Tahun Ajaran 2021/ 2022

Penelitian ini merupakan kegiatan untuk mengukur hasil belajar IPA dengan menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based learning pada peserta didik kelas V SD Negeri Kyai Mojo. Jenis penilitian ini menggunakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh peserta didik kelas V di SD Negeri Kyai Mojo yang berjumlah 26 orang. Objek penelitian ini adalah peningkatan hasil belajar IPA peserta didik kelas V SD Negeri Kyai Mojo menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi dan tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadinya peningkatan yang signifikan pada hasil belajar IPA. Pada siklus I diperoleh ketuntasan hasil belajar sebesar 76,92% meningkat pada siklus 2 menjadi 88,46%. Hasil nilai rata – rata juga mengalami peningkatan mulai dari siklus I sebesar 67,55 meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 81. Hasil observasi terhadap guru pada siklus I yaitu sebesar 83%, meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 83,48%, sedangkan hasil observasi terhadap siswa pada siklus I yaitu sebesar 70,95%, meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 86,20 %. Berdasarkan data tersebut maka diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA pada peserta didik kelas V SD Negeri Kyai Mojo Tahun Ajaran 2021/ 2022