Optical pathology of oral tissue: a Raman spectroscopy diagnostic method

Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy methods are being considered as techniques which could be complementary or even alternative to biopsy, and pathology and clinical assays in many medical applications. The present paper discusses the results of Raman spectral studies on oral tissues for optical pathology. It is shown that Raman spectra of oral tissues can be classified into spectra of normal and malignant sets and a model based on such a classification can be used to analyse oral tissue for detection of oral malignancy. Sensitivity and specificity calculated from 90 test spectra are better than 85 and 90 per cent respectively

Anisotropy in Turbulent Flows and in Turbulent Transport

We discuss the problem of anisotropy and intermittency in statistical theory of high Reynolds-number turbulence (and turbulent transport). We present a detailed description of the new tools that allow effective data analysis and systematic theoretical studies such as to separate isotropic from anisotropic aspects of turbulent statistical fluctuations. Employing the invariance of the equations of fluid mechanics to all rotations, we show how to decompose the (tensorial) statistical objects in terms of the irreducible representation of the SO(3) symmetry group. For the case of turbulent advection of passive scalar or vector fields, this decomposition allows rigorous statements to be made: (i) the scaling exponents are universal, (ii) the isotropic scaling exponents are always leading, (iii) the anisotropic scaling exponents form a discrete spectrum which is strictly increasing as a function of the anisotropic degree. Next we explain how to apply the SO(3) decomposition to the statistical Navier-Stokes theory. We show how to extract information about the scaling behavior in the isotropic sector. Doing so furnishes a systematic way to assess the universality of the scaling exponents in this sector, clarifying the anisotropic origin of the many measurements that claimed the opposite. A systematic analysis of Direct Numerical Simulations and of experiments provides a strong support to the proposition that also for the non-linear problem there exists foliation of the statistical theory into sectors of the symmetry group. The exponents appear universal in each sector, and again strictly increasing as a function of the anisotropic degreee.Comment: 150 pages, 26 figures, submitted to Phys. Re

Role of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of testes in male infertility

Fine needle aspiration of the testis, which is minimally traumatic, has questioned the need of a more invasive open biopsy in the evaluation of male infertility. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) as compared to open testicular biopsy in the evalu-ation of male infertility by correlating diagnoses from tes-tis FNA cytology with biopsy histology. We have also studied the necessity of bilateral or unilateral FNACs in the workup of the infertile man. This study was a prospec-tive study of 57 infertile men in whom bilateral testicular fine needle aspiration as well as testicular biopsy was done. The correlation between the 2 methods was 91.9%. Dis-crepancies between cytology and histology were mainly the result of insufficient smears. These data also suggest that bilateral FNACs and biopsies can be restricted to patients in whom there is appreciable difference in tes-ticular size or consistency

Rapid diagnosis of typhoid fever by antigen detection

Salmonella typhi antigen was demonstrated in the blood of patients with typhoid fever by a passive staphylococcal agglutination test. This test was positive in 10 culture-proven typhoid patients and negative in 10 febrile patients without typhoid

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Antibacterial efficacy of sodium hypochlorite with a novel sonic agitation device

Objective : The aim of this study is to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) with sonic agitation devices. Materials and Methods: Fifty extracted human single-rooted teeth were collected. Canals were prepared up to Profile #35/0.06. Forty teeth were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis and incubated for 24 hours. The teeth were then divided into five groups based on the agitation device used. Group 1- was agitated with EndoActivator . Group 2 was agitated with Waterpik Power Flosser. In Group 3, Waterpik flosser was used with a nickel-titanium file. Group 4 (positive control) was not subjected to any agitation, and Group 5 -was the negative control. Superficial and deep dentinal shavings were collected from coronal and apical halves and sowed in brain heart infusion (BHI) agar to evaluate colony-forming units (CFU/mL). Results: Krusal Wallis, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Mann-Whitney U test showed that Group 3 showed a smaller number of CFUs/mL Group 2 showed a relatively greater number of CFU/mL. The deep apical dentin areas showed more number of CFUs relative to other sites. Conclusion: The nickel-titanium file attached to the Waterpik Power Flosser system was found to be as effective as the EndoActivator in antibacterial efficacy against E.faecalis

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