Divinations

The essay “Divinations” focuses on Robert Rauschenberg’s Oracle (1962-1965), a work whose making and display entailed close collaboration between the artist and the engineers Billy Klüver and Harold Hodges, both of Bell Laboratories. The piece stemmed from Rauschenberg’s interest in sound, sculptural form, and radio networks: it housed ten radios and speakers in various sculptural elements constructed from found metal objects, including ducts, window frames, a bathtub, and a car door. Audience members could turn dials that indirectly modified the volume and tuning of the radios. Walking through the sculptural installation, one experienced shifting acoustic, spatial, and visual effects. This text seeks to understand how the interactions between artist and engineers—and between sound sculpture and viewers—engaged systems of industrial and postindustrial production, broadcast radio, and audiovisual reception.L’article « Divinations » traite d’Oracle (1962-1965) de Robert Rauschenberg, une oeuvre dont la fabrication et l’installation ont entraîné l’étroite collaboration entre l’artiste et deux ingénieurs des laboratoires Bell, Billy Klüver et Harold Hodges. Cette installation de Rauschenberg découle de son intérêt pour le son, la forme sculpturale et les réseaux radiophoniques : elle est composée de dix radios et haut-parleurs disposés à l’intérieur de divers éléments sculpturaux construits à partir d’objets trouvés, tels que des conduits, des cadres de fenêtre, une baignoire et une portière de voiture. Le public pouvait manipuler certains cadrans qui modifiaient indirectement le volume et le réglage des radios. Parcourir l’installation sculpturale donnait lieu à l’expérience d’effets acoustiques, spatiaux et visuels variables. Le présent texte tente d’expliquer comment l’interaction entre artiste et ingénieurs (et entre sculpture sonore et spectateurs) a pu impliquer des systèmes de radiodiffusion, de réception audiovisuelle et de production industriels et postindustriels

A comparison of health-related quality of life between children with versus without special health care needs, and children requiring versus not requiring psychiatric services

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to compare health-related quality of life (HRQoL) between children with special health care needs (CSHCN) and those without. In particular, CSHCN who require psychiatric services and those who do not were compared. Methods: A representative community sample of 3,325 children (10-14years old) was recruited from the Canton of Zurich. Via either computer-assisted telephone interviews or a written questionnaire, special health care needs were assessed using the five-item parent-reported CSHCN Screener. Subsequent to screening, a written questionnaire was sent to a sub-sample of 974 children to acquire more detailed information, both from the children and their parents, about their health and health care utilization, and to assess HRQoL (KIDSCREEN-27) and emotional and behavioral problems (SDQ). A total of 626 children responded to the questionnaire. Multiple linear regression models were used to examine the association between HRQoL and subject group, controlling for other covariates. Results: Among 2,586 children whose parents participated in the screening stage, roughly 18% were identified as CSHCN, with 6.2% requiring psychiatric services. The subsequent survey revealed that those CSHCN who required psychiatric services had the lowest HRQoL scores and highest SDQ scores. CSHCN who utilized psychiatric services were particularly prone to low HRQoL, especially among lower income families. Conclusions: The influence of noticeable emotional and behavioral problems on HRQoL should be afforded more attention, both in clinical practice and empirical studies involving children with special health care need

Assessing parent-child agreement in health-related quality of life among three health status groups

Purpose: To examine parent-child agreement regarding a child's health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among three health status groups. Methods: Parent-child agreement was evaluated for three health status groups of a population-based sample: (1) children with mental health problems (N=461), (2) children with physical health problems (N=281), and (3) healthy controls (N=699). The KIDSCREEN-27 was used to assess HRQOL. The children were 9-14years of age. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficients were mostly good across all HRQOL scores and health status groups. This relatively high level of agreement was also reflected by the following findings: first, the AGREE group was the largest in three out of five HRQOL subscales in all health status groups; second, when disagreement occurred, it was often minor in magnitude. Despite this relatively high level of agreement, the means of self-ratings were significantly higher for all HRQOL scores and health status groups than the means of proxy ratings. These higher self-ratings were especially pronounced among children with mental health problems in certain HRQOL domains. Conclusions: Even though the level of parent-child agreement regarding a child's HRQOL is relatively high, it should be considered that children (especially those with mental health problems) often report better HRQOL than their parents. It is, therefore, highly recommended that both proxy- and self-ratings are used to evaluate a child's HRQOL comprehensivel

Health-related quality of life among children with mental disorders: a systematic review

Purpose: To systematically review studies about the quality of life (QOL) of children with various mental disorders relative to healthy controls and to describe limitations in these studies. Methods: Relevant articles were searched using different databases, by checking reference lists and contacting experts. We included articles that either compared children with mental disorders to healthy controls/norm values or made such a comparison possible. Results: Sixteen out of 4,560 articles met the pre-defined inclusion criteria. These studies revealed that the QOL of children with various mental disorders is compromised across multiple domains. The largest effect sizes were found for psychosocial and family-related domains and for the total QOL score, whereas physical domains generally were less affected. The most important limitations in the existing literature include the lack of study samples drawn from the general population, the failure to use self-ratings, not considering item overlap between measuring QOL and assessing for the presence of a particular mental disorder, and not determining whether the children were receiving medication for their mental disorder. Conclusions: Children with mental disorders experience a considerable reduction in QOL across various domains. Research studies that avoid previous limitations are crucial to fill existing knowledge gap

The Digital Museum: A Case Study of Digital Applications at the National Palace Museum

In our current age of information digitization democratization and globalization technology has changed people s habits to expect immediately accessible information Technology is no longer merely a tool but a new medium capable of instantaneously and seamlessly altering people s internal consciousness As the treasure houses of art and artifacts museums have evolved with the times to establish its presence and accessibility in the information age digitizing its collection from which new exhibition formats and museum experiences can be created This paper conducts a literature review of digitization s impact on the curatorial efforts of major world-renowned national museums as the context for a case study evaluating the fruits of digitization at the National Palace Museum in recent years with a focus on the most recent new media art exhibition the Giuseppe Castiglione Lang Shining New Media Art Exhibitio

The Digital Museum: A Case Study of Digital Applications at the National Palace Museum

In our current age of information digitization democratization and globalization technology has changed people s habits to expect immediately accessible information Technology is no longer merely a tool but a new medium capable of instantaneously and seamlessly altering people s internal consciousness As the treasure houses of art and artifacts museums have evolved with the times to establish its presence and accessibility in the information age digitizing its collection from which new exhibition formats and museum experiences can be created This paper conducts a literature review of digitization s impact on the curatorial efforts of major world-renowned national museums as the context for a case study evaluating the fruits of digitization at the National Palace Museum in recent years with a focus on the most recent new media art exhibition the Giuseppe Castiglione Lang Shining New Media Art Exhibitio

Does Drinking Location Matter? Profiles of Risky Single-Occasion Drinking by Location and Alcohol-Related Harm among Young Men.

In adolescents and young adults, acute consequences like injuries account for a substantial proportion of alcohol-related harm, especially in risky single-occasion (RSO) drinkers. The primary aim of the study was to characterize different drinking profiles in RSO drinkers according to drinking locations and their relationship to negative, alcohol-related consequences. The sample consisted of 2746 young men from the Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors who had reported drinking six or more drinks on a single-occasion at least monthly over the preceding 12 months. Principal component analysis on the frequency and amount of drinking at 11 different locations was conducted, and 2 distinguishable components emerged: a non-party-dimension (loading high on theater/cinema, sport clubs, other clubs/societies, restaurants, and sport events) and a party-dimension (loading high on someone else's home, pubs/bars, discos/nightclubs, outdoor public places, special events, and home). Differential impacts of drinking location profiles were observed on severe negative alcohol-related consequences (SAC). Relative to those classified as low or intermediate in both dimensions, no significant difference experiencing SAC was found among those who were classified as high in the non-party-dimension only. However, those who were classified as high in the party-dimension alone or in both dimensions were more likely to experience SAC. These differential effects remained after adjusting for alcohol consumption (volume and risky single-occasion drinking), personality traits, and peer-influence [adjusted OR = 0.83 (0.68-1.02), 1.57 (1.27-1.96), and 1.72 (1.23-2.41), respectively], indicating independent effects of drinking location on SAC. The inclusion of sociodemographic factors did not alter this association. The fact that this cluster of party-dimension locations seems to predispose young men to experiencing SAC has important implications for alcohol control policies

Beverage preferences and associated drinking patterns, consequences and other substance use behaviours

Background: Studies about beverage preferences in a country in which wine drinking is relatively widespread (like Switzerland) are scarce. Therefore, the main aims of the present study were to examine the associations between beverage preferences and drinking patterns, alcohol-related consequences and the use of other substances among Swiss young men. Methods: The analytical sample consisted of 5399 Swiss men who participated in the Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors (C-SURF) and had been drinking alcohol over the preceding 12 months. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to study the associations between preference for a particular beverage and (i) drinking patterns, (ii) negative alcohol-related consequences and (iii) the (at-risk) use of cigarettes, cannabis and other illicit drugs. Results: Preference for beer was associated with risky drinking patterns and, comparable with a preference for strong alcohol, with the use of illicit substances (cannabis and other illicit drugs). In contrast, a preference for wine was associated with low-risk alcohol consumption and a reduced likelihood of experiencing at least four negative alcohol-related consequences or of daily cigarette smoking. Furthermore, the likelihood of negative outcomes (alcohol-related consequences; use of other substances) increased among people with risky drinking behaviours, independent of beverage preference. Conclusions: In our survey, beer preference was associated with risky drinking patterns and illicit drug use. Alcohol polices to prevent large quantities of alcohol consumption, especially of cheaper spirits like beer, should be considered to reduce total alcohol consumption and the negative consequences associated with these beverage type