Development of a stratospheric and mesospheric microwave temperature sounder experiment

A passive microwave spectrometer system for measuring global atmospheric temperature profiles from 0-75 km altitude was developed and analyzed. The system utilizes 12 channels near the 5 mm wavelength oxygen absorption band and is designed to provide global coverage by scanning perpendicular to the orbital track of a polar orbiting satellite. A significant improvement in the accuracy of theoretical atmospheric microwave transmittance functions was achieved through the development of a first-order approximation to overlapping line theory for the oxygen molecule. This approximation is particularly important in the troposphere and lower stratosphere where pressure-broadening blends nearby lines. Ground-based and aircraft observations of several resonances of stratospheric oxygen generally support the theory. The 23, 25, 29, and 31 atmospheric oxygen lines were measured and the frequencies of several such oxygen lines were measured with improved precision. The polarization and Zeeman splitting of the atmospheric 27 line was also observed

Solid-State Microwave Electronics

Contains reports on six research projects.Joint Services Electronics Programs (U. S. Army, U. S. Navy, and U. S. Air Force) under Contract DAAB07-71-C-0300California Institute of Technology Contract 952568National Institutes of Health (Grant RR00317) from the Biotechnology Resources Branch, Division of Research Resource

Radio Astronomy

Contains reports on isx research projects.National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center (Contract NAS1-10693)National Science Foundation (Grant GP-21348)National Science Foundation (Grant GP-14589)California Institute of Technology Contract 952568Joint Services Electronics Programs (U. S. Army, U. S. Navy, and U. S. Air Force) under Contract DAAB07-71-C-030

Radio Astronomy

Contains research objectives and summary of research.U. S. Air Force - Electronic Systems Division (Contract F19628-73-C-0196)National Science Foundation (Grant 40484X)Joint Services Electronics Program (Contract DAAB07-71-C-0300)National Institutes of Health (Grant 1 RO1 GM20370-01)U. S. Air Force - Air Force Systems Command (Contract F33615-72-C-2129)California Institute of Technology (Contract 952568)National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Contract NAS1 -10693)National Science Foundation (Grant GP-40485X

Radio Astronomy

Contains reports on eight research projects.National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center (Contract NAS1-10693)California Institute of Technology Contract 952568Joint Services Electronics Programs (U. S. Army, U.S. Navy, and U. S. Air Force) under Contract DAAB07-71-C-0300National Science Foundation (Grant GP-20769A#1)National Science Foundation (Grant GP-21348A#1

Radio Astronomy

Contains reports on three research project.National Science Foundation (Grant GP-21348A#2)California Institute of Technology (Contract 952568)National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Grant NGR 22-009-421)U. S. Air Force - Electronic Systems Division (Contract F19628-73-C-0196

Radio Astronomy

Contains reports on four research projects.Joint Services Electronics Program (Contract DAAB07-71-C-0300)California Institute of Technology (Contract 952568)National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Contract NAS1-10693)National Science Foundation (Grant GP-21348A#2

A short-term in vivo model for giant cell tumor of bone

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Because of the lack of suitable <it>in vivo </it>models of giant cell tumor of bone (GCT), little is known about its underlying fundamental pro-tumoral events, such as tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis. There is no existing cell line that contains all the cell and tissue tumor components of GCT and thus <it>in vitro </it>testing of anti-tumor agents on GCT is not possible. In this study we have characterized a new method of growing a GCT tumor on a chick chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM) for this purpose.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Fresh tumor tissue was obtained from 10 patients and homogenized. The suspension was grafted onto the CAM at day 10 of development. The growth process was monitored by daily observation and photo documentation using <it>in vivo </it>biomicroscopy. After 6 days, samples were fixed and further analyzed using standard histology (hematoxylin and eosin stains), Ki67 staining and fluorescence <it>in situ </it>hybridization (FISH).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The suspension of all 10 patients formed solid tumors when grafted on the CAM. <it>In vivo </it>microscopy and standard histology revealed a rich vascularization of the tumors. The tumors were composed of the typical components of GCT, including (CD51+/CD68+) multinucleated giant cells whichwere generally less numerous and contained fewer nuclei than in the original tumors. Ki67 staining revealed a very low proliferation rate. The FISH demonstrated that the tumors were composed of human cells interspersed with chick-derived capillaries.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>A reliable protocol for grafting of human GCT onto the chick chorio-allantoic membrane is established. This is the first <it>in vivo </it>model for giant cell tumors of bone which opens new perspectives to study this disease and to test new therapeutical agents.</p