Isolation and characterization of the soil gels

Tato práce se zaměřuje na gelotvorné složky obsažené v půdě, a to konkrétně na jejich izolaci a další charakterizaci pomocí elektronového mikroskopu a dostupných analytických metod (FT–IR spektrofotometrie, elementární a termická analýza). Poznatky z tohoto experimentu by měli přispět k lepšímu porozumění funkce těchto gelů v půdě, stejně tak jako jejich významu pro floru a faunu v půdě obsaženou. Teoretická část je zaměřená na huminové látky, protože na základě dosud publikovaných prací se předpokládá důležitá role těchto látek při tvorbě půdních gelů. Praktická část práce je věnovaná především optimalizaci metody izolace půdního gelu z půdy a jeho dalšímu zpracování a charakterizaci.The aim of this study are the gel-creative components in soil, mainly the isolation and characterization using electron microscopy and available analytical methods like FT-IR spectrometry, elementary and thermogravimetric analysis. The knowledge from this study may help to define function and significance of this gels to soils and nature. The theoretical part of this thesis deals with humic substances which are, according to published articles so far, expected to play an important role in the formation of the soil gels. The experimental part solves especially the optimization of the method of isolation soil gels and his further characterization.

The future of EU : towards a two speed Europe

After more than 60 years of successful integration the EU entered the deepest crisis since its establishment. In this long perspective the benefits of integration were undisputed, which justify its increasing extention to the new members and new field of activities. Meanwhile, the EU passes lately through several problems related to economic downturn in the euro area, Brexit and the crisis of refugees. These crises have given rise to discussions about the best methods of overcoming them. One of the possible solutions leading to rescue an idea of European integration is to escape forward through the implementation of “Europe two speed”. The purpose of this article is to analyze the concept of “Europe of two speed”, its rationale and the advantages and the possibility of its implementation in the context of the further evolution of the EU. The point is that some European countries see the need for deeper integration as panacea for crisis, but others do not see sense in improving the mechanism for political integration and rather opting out for economic cooperation limited to the single market or even free trade.peer-reviewe

Adhesion of Poland into EURO ZONE

Poland has been a member of the European Union since 1 May 2004 and adoption of the euro by Poland is integral part of our Treaty of Accession. From the legal point of view Poland is already the member of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) but because has not completed the third stage of the EMU, we still can use our own currency – polish zloty. On January 17, 2006 Polish Finance Minister Zyta Gilowska said in an interview that Poland will not adopt the euro before 2010, adding that 2011 was an achievable deadline. In October 2006, the Polish President Lech Kaczyński said in an interview with Spain,s El Mundo that euro entry” should be a subject submitted to a referendum, which would take place at the end of his legislature, which ends in 2010 (1). Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk said during the Economic forum in Krynica that Poland would adopt euro in 2011 a year before the European football championship organized together by Poland and Ukraine. In November 2008 Polish Government accepted so called road map to introduce euro by 2012. Firstly, Polish zloty should join the ERM 2 system which was planned in the middle of 2009. Secondly, after accomplishment convergence criteria in 2011, Poland is going to fix the permanent exchange rate between polish zloty and euro. Thirdly, introduction of Euro and withdrawal of polish zloty is previewed on 1 January 2012. The prices on polish market are going to be presented in two currencies (polish zloty and Euro) during six month. However, before Poland will join the euro zone , the Polish Constitution has to be amended to give the European Central Bank the right to print and distribute euro as a national currency. In connection with the world financial crises and suddenly devaluation of polish zloty most economist agree that government plan of euro introduction in Poland is too rushed and not realistic and adhesion of zloty into ERM 2 system should be delaying.peer-reviewe

The theory of an ‘optimum currency area’

The main goal of this paper is to analyse and distinguish the main components of the theory of an ‘Optimum Currency Area’. The theory of an optimum currency area indicates some essential elements as preconditions for the successful introduction of a common currency: high mobility of labour, openness of the economy defined as a high proportion of tradable to non-tradable goods, and high diversification of domestic production before joining the union. The article’s analysis helps to better understanding the reasons of the current crisis in the euro zone. The main problem with a common currency area is the adjustment to imbalances, which cannot take place through exchange rates in conditions of a common currency. The missing elements of the theory are the role of the mobility of capital to correct interregional balance of payments disequilibria and lack of a common budget with sufficient own resources during the occurrence of debt crises in member countries. The theory of an optimum currency area has noticed the importance of coordination between fiscal and monetary policy and the necessity of redistribution of resources among partners. However, it does not say much about the methods applied, how to deal with debt crises and what the cost of a potential breaking up of monetary union would be

Rheological Properties of Cellular Structures Manufactured by Additive PJM Technology

Intensive development of manufacturing technologies, in particular additive technologies, resulted in new possibilities of making cellular structure models. In this paper the cellular structure samples made of polymer resins in the PolyJet Matrix additive technology were investigated. Relaxation tests according to ISO 3384 were carried out. The influence of geometric structure shape on rheological properties was determined and the most favourable geometric variants of cellular structure models were determined. Using Mathematica and Origin software, a statistical analysis of test results was carried out, along with the determination of five-parameter functions approximating the relaxation curves. The rheological model was adopted and its parameters were determined

Development of Invertebrate Zoological Learning Videos for Students Based Ecological Aspects of Macrozoobentos in The Toaya River Waters

Macrozoobenthos as basic organisms in relatively sedentary habitats. This study aims to describe the development of invertebrate zoological learning videos based on aspects of macrozoobenthic ecology in Toaya river waters and the results of the research can be made into videos about the types of Macrozoobenthos as a media for learning biology. The method used is a descriptive method with a purposive sampling technique. The results of the research have been developed as learning media in the form of videos with a percentage value of 78% for content experts, 80% for design experts, and 77% for media experts. Meanwhile, there were 20 student trials, the percentage reached 87%. This shows that the video made is suitable for use as a learning medium. The number of Macrozoobenthos found were 4 Macramia magnifica, Bellamya javanica, Faunus ater, and Ocypoda stimpsoni. The diversity of macrozoobenthos in the waters of the Toaya river, Sindue District, Donggala Regency is low, for very abundant abundance, high density and low frequency, very high dominance, and low diversity. The most distribution patterns are at stations IV and III which are inhabited by Ocypoda stimpsoni species

Economic Governance after the Great Economic Crisis in the Concept of Stanisław Grabski

Stanisław Grabski, Professor of Economics at the Faculty of Law at the Jan Kazimierz University in Lwów, rejected the idea that the great economic crisis (1929–1933) would lead to the collapse of capitalism. He advocated the development of the economy in stages, recognizing changes in societal needs and the emergence of a new technique for a boost to development, granted by the State and governed by the primacy of the economy. He distinguished three groups of socio-economic regimes, using as a criterion for the award a way for economic cooperation of the people. In the third group, including capitalism, the units have carried out activities on the basis of equality and freedom, subject to the rules of law. Capitalism in its two phases of development and was heading to the third, which was formed after the great economic crisis. Despite the passage of years it has kept its basic values and principles and still motivates individuals to be active. Therefore, Grabski found the system of capitalism dynamic and flexible, able to survive the economic crisis of 1929, and further develop. He argued that after the crisis there will be a new order, in which the economy will function according to the following models: the democratic-liberal, corporative-fascist, the economy dominated by large corporations and with a very limited role for the State of the economy based on trade-offs of monopolies and trade unions and statist model. Grabski did not rule out a communist economy. Among the most liberal democratic models with a sizeable small business sector, France, whose economy effectively defended itself against crisis. Although the global economy was already dominated by monopolies, Grabski advocated the use of this model in [email protected] WrocławskiGrabski S., Ekonomia społeczna, t. 1–10 (oddzielnie zatytułowane), Lwów 1927–1933.Grabski S., Ustroje społeczno-gospodarcze, t. 8, Lwów 1929.Grabski, S., Współczesny kapitalizm, t. 9, Lwów 1930.Grabski S., Dążenia rozwojowe współczesnego kapitalizmu, t. 10, Lwów 1933.Czapliński W., Galos A., Korta W., Historia Niemiec, Wrocław 1981.Polski słownik biograficzny, t. VIII/1, z. 36, Wrocław–Kraków–Warszawa 1959.Taylor E., Historia rozwoju ekonomiki, t. II, Poznań 1957.297-31014129731

Organomineral gel as a new concept of structural and colloidal characterization of soils

Tato diplomová práce se zaměřuje na organominerální složky obsažené v půdě, a to konkrétně především na jejich charakterizaci pomocí dostupných analytických metod (FT–IR spektrofotometrie, termická analýza, rentgenová krystalografie, emisní spektrometrie, elektronový mikroskop) a na jejich mikrobiální aktivitu. Poznatky z tohoto experimentu by měli přispět k lepšímu porozumění funkce těchto gelů v půdě, stejně tak jako jejich významu pro floru a faunu v půdě obsaženou. Teoretická část je zaměřená na půdu a huminové látky, protože na základě dosud publikovaných prací se předpokládá důležitá role těchto látek při tvorbě organominerálních gelů. Praktická část práce řeší strukturu a funkční vlastnosti organominerálního gelu.The aim of this study is the organomineral gel contained in soil, mainly the characterization using electron microscopy and available analytical methods like IR-spectrometry, thermal analysis, X-ray crystallography and emission spectrometry. The knowledge from this study may help to define function and significance of this gels to soils and nature. The theoretical part of this thesis deals with soil, humic substances and minerals occurring in soils. The experimental part solves especially the structure and further characterization of organomineral gels.