1,919 research outputs found
Mars: Mariner 9 spectroscopic evidence for H2O ice clouds
Spectral features observed with the Mariner 9 Interferometer Spectrometer are identified as those of water ice. Measured spectra are compared with theoretical calulations for the transfer of radiation through clouds of ice particles with variations in size distribution and integrated cloud mass. Comparisons with an observed spectrum from the Tharsis Ridge region indicate water ice clouds composed of particles with mean radius 2.0 microns and integrated cloud mass 0.00005 g/sq cm
The Nimbus 4 Infrared Spectroscopy Experiment, IRIS-D. Part 1: Calibrated Thermal Emission Spectra
Calibrated infrared emission spectra of earth and atmosphere using high resolution interferometer spectrophotometer on Nimbus 4 satellit
Stratospheric sounding by infrared heterodyne spectroscopy
Intensity profiles of infrared spectral lines of stratospheric constituents can be fully resolved with a heterodyne spectrometer of sufficiently high resolution. The constituents' vertical distributions can then be evaluated accurately by analytic inversion of the measured line profiles. Estimates of the detection sensitivity of a heterodyne receiver are given in terms of minimum detectable volume mixing ratios of stratospheric constituents, indicating a large number of minor constituents which can be studied. Stratospheric spectral line shapes, and the resolution required to measure them are discussed in light of calculated synthetic line profiles for some stratospheric molecules in a model atmosphere. The inversion technique for evaluation of gas concentration profiles is briefly described and applications to synthetic lines of O3, CO2, CH4 and N2O are given
Thermal emission spectroscopy of the middle atmosphere
The general objective of this research is to obtain, via remote sensing, simultaneous measurements of the vertical distributions of stratospheric temperature, ozone, and trace constituents that participate in the catalytic destruction of ozone (NO(sub y): NO, NO2, NO3, HNO3, ClONO2, N2O5, HNO4; Cl(sub x): HOCl), and the source gases for the catalytic cycles (H2O, CH4, N2O, CF2Cl2, CFCl3, CCl4, CH3Cl, CHF2Cl, etc.). Data are collected during a complete diurnal cycle in order to test our present understanding of ozone chemistry and its associate catalytic cycles. The instrumentation employed is an emission-mode, balloon-borne, liquid-nitrogen-cooled Michelson interferometer-spectrometer (SIRIS), covering the mid-infrared range with a spectral resolution of 0.020 cm(exp -1). Cryogenic cooling combined with the use of extrinsic silicon photoconductor detectors allows the detection of weak emission features of stratospheric gaseous species. Vertical distributions of these species are inferred from scans of the thermal emission of the limb in a sequence of elevation angles. The fourth SIRIS balloon flight was carried out from Palestine, Texas on September 15-16, 1986 with 9 hours of nighttime data (40 km). High quality data with spectral resolution 0.022 cm(exp -1), were obtained for numerous limb sequences. Fifteen stratospheric species have been identified to date from this flight: five species from the NO(sub y) family (HNO3, NO2, NO, ClONO2, N2O5), plus CO2, O3, H2O, N2O, CH4, CCl3F, CCl2F2, CHF2Cl, CF4, and CCl4. The nighttime values of N2O5, ClONO2, and total odd nitrogen have been measured for the first time, and compared to model results. Analysis of the diurnal variation of N2O5 within the 1984 and 1986 data sets, and of the 1984 ClONO2 measurements, were presented in the literature. The demonstrated ability of SIRIS to measure all the major NO(sub y) species, and therefore to determine the partitioning of the nitrogen family over a continuous diurnal cycle, is a powerful tool in the verification and improvement of photochemical modeling
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Probing the Quark-Gluon Plasma at the LHC with Z- tagged Jets in CMS
An important tool in quark-gluon plasma studies at RHIC has been the measurement of dijets investigated via leading hadron correlations. With much higher rates for hard processes at the Large Hadron Collider, studies of Z^0tagged jets become possible. A clear experimental signature is provided by the measurement of muon pairs from the Z^0 decays, for which CMS is an ideally suited detector. Instead of measuring back-to-back correlations of two strongly interacting particles, one side is replaced by an electromagnetic probe which propagates through the plasma undisturbed and provides a measurement of the energy of the initial hard scattering. We propose to use lepton-pair tagged jets to study medium-induced partonic energy loss and to measure in-medium parton fragmentation functions. The lepton pairs from semileptonic decays of heavy meson pairs (B overline {B} and D overline{D}) are a background source for the dilepton jet tag signal. We present the calculated signal rates (using PYTHIA) and background rates (using HVQMNR). We also discuss strategies for maximizing the signal-to-background ratio
Influência do tamanho das sementes e substratos na formação de mudas de pitangueira.
bitstream/item/31535/1/comunicado-232.pd
The infrared interferometer spectrometer experiment for the Mars Mariner 1971 orbital mission
Infrared interferometer spectrometer for Mariner spacecraft in Mars orbi
Incorporating Radial Flow in the Lattice Gas Model for Nuclear Disassembly
We consider extensions of the lattice gas model to incorporate radial flow.
Experimental data are used to set the magnitude of radial flow. This flow is
then included in the Lattice Gas Model in a microcanonical formalism. For
magnitudes of flow seen in experiments, the main effect of the flow on
observables is a shift along the axis.Comment: Version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. C, Rapid Communicatio
Temperatures of Exploding Nuclei
Breakup temperatures in central collisions of 197Au + 197Au at bombarding
energies E/A = 50 to 200 MeV were determined with two methods. Isotope
temperatures, deduced from double ratios of hydrogen, helium, and lithium
isotopic yields, increase monotonically with bombarding energy from 5 MeV to 12
MeV, in qualitative agreement with a scenario of chemical freeze-out after
adiabatic expansion. Excited-state temperatures, derived from yield ratios of
states in 4He, 5Li, 6Li, and 8Be, are about 5 MeV, independent of the
projectile energy, and seem to reflect the internal temperature of fragments at
their final separation from the system.
PACS numbers: 25.70.Mn, 25.70.Pq, 25.75.-qComment: 10 pages, RevTeX with 4 included figures; Also available from
http://www-kp3.gsi.de/www/kp3/aladin_publications.htm
Breakup Conditions of Projectile Spectators from Dynamical Observables
Momenta and masses of heavy projectile fragments (Z >= 8), produced in
collisions of 197Au with C, Al, Cu and Pb targets at E/A = 600 MeV, were
determined with the ALADIN magnetic spectrometer at SIS. An analysis of
kinematic correlations between the two and three heaviest projectile fragments
in their rest frame was performed. The sensitivity of these correlations to the
conditions at breakup was verified within the schematic SOS-model. The data
were compared to calculations with statistical multifragmentation models and to
classical three-body calculations. Classical trajectory calculations reproduce
the dynamical observables. The deduced breakup parameters, however, differ
considerably from those assumed in the statistical multifragmentation models
which describe the charge correlations. If, on the other hand, the analysis of
kinematic and charge correlations is performed for events with two and three
heavy fragments produced by statistical multifragmentation codes, a good
agreement with the data is found with the exception that the fluctuation widths
of the intrinsic fragment energies are significantly underestimated. A new
version of the multifragmentation code MCFRAG was therefore used to investigate
the potential role of angular momentum at the breakup stage. If a mean angular
momentum of 0.75/nucleon is added to the system, the energy fluctuations
can be reproduced, but at the same time the charge partitions are modified and
deviate from the data.
PACS numbers: 25.70.Mn, 25.70.Pq, 25.75.Ld, 25.75.-qComment: 38 pages, RevTeX with 21 included figures; Also available from
http://www-kp3.gsi.de/www/kp3/aladin_publications.htm
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