A Data-driven Approach to Power System Dynamic State Estimation

State estimation is a key function in the supervisory control and planning of an electric power grid. Typically, the independent system operator (ISO) runs least-squares based static state estimation once every few minutes. Inherently, however, a power system is mostly in a transient state owing to load fluctuations, outages and network switching. In such a scenario, dynamic state estimation facilitates real-time monitoring and control of the system. Dynamic state estimation is implemented using Kalman filtering techniques. Popular estimators for nonlinear systems include the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and unscented Kalman filter (UKF). Practical implementation, however, is inhibited by the lack of an accurate system model and the high computational complexity of Kalman filtering methods. I address the former issue of model unavailability and rely instead on measurement data from phasor measurement units for dynamic state estimation (DSE). I build an estimator for DSE which uses only measurement and input information, and operates without knowledge of the underlying system model. The algorithm considered uses a Gaussian process (GP) approximation of the state transition and observation functions in the implementation of a UKF-based state estimation. I analyze the performance of the estimator for different scenarios using root mean squared (RMS) error as the metric. The estimator, when evaluated on the IEEE 14-bus test case, gives a minimum accuracy rate of over 94% over all considered scenarios

Study of sleep disturbances in frontline healthcare workers during COVID-19 epidemic

Background: Aim of this study was to study sleep disturbances in frontline healthcare workers during COVID-19 epidemic. Methods: This is a case control study was conducted in the Department of Physiology at Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak. The study included hundred volunteer subjects of age group 25-35years and were divided into two groups (healthcare workers and and professionals from non-medical background). Results: Subjective sleep quality was significantly altered in FHCW with P value of 0.001. Sleep latency was increased in study group with 50% of study group having score of 3 on Pittsburg sleep quality index. The duration of sleep was reduced in study group with increased sleep disturbances. Forty percent of FHCW reported use of medications for sleep. Almost 100% of FHCW reported Day time dysfunction. Conclusions: COVID-19 resulted in significant sleep deprivation, increased latency, poor sleep quality and increased use of medication in FHCW. The FHCW suffered from poor quality of sleep during the COVID pandemic. FHCW were affected by several stress factors including heavy workload, high night shift frequency and constant use of PPE kit. All these stress factors affected their quality of sleep

Materanal and neonatal outcomes of triplet gestation in a tertiary care centre: a retrospective study

Background: A significant rise in triplet pregnancy rate has occurred recently. This rise is of concern, as these infants are frequently reported as a risk factor of adverse outcome. The aim of this study was to retrospectively study the outcomes of triplet births.Methods: A retrospective study was undertaken to analyze the clinical data of all patients with triplet gestation admitted to the labour room of Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar Hospital, Delhi to study the maternal and fetal outcomes. Authors retrospectively observed and analyzed the database to examine triplet gestations delivered between January 2014 and December 2018.Results: Over the five-year study period, there were total 44,011 deliveries. Out of these, there were 35 (0.079%) triplet pregnancies. Of all the triplet pregnancies studied 80% resulted from ovulation induction and assisted reproductive technology. The mean gestational age at delivery was 31.6±3.0 weeks, and the mean birth weight was 1,594±460 gm. The most common maternal complications were Preterm labour in 32 pregnancies (92%), anemia in 17 (49%), pre-eclampsia in 11 (31%), post-partum hemorrhage in 8 (22%). Of the total deliveries neonatal complications included Respiratory distress syndrome in 44 (42.2%), Hyperbilirubinemia in 41 (39%), Intrauterine growth restriction in 19 (18.1%). The perinatal mortality rate was 10.5%.Conclusions: Higher order pregnancies are associated with maternal and neonatal complications. These high risk women need more care and the neonates require intensive care and monitoring after birth, most commonly due to prematurity and low birth weight

USABILITY OF E-RESOURCES AMONG LIBRARY & INFORMATION SCIENCE STUDENTS IN PATNA, BIHAR: A STUDY

The research aims into library science students at Patna University in Bihar\u27s understanding and use of electronic resources and many other relevant topics. In this investigation, the researcher adopted a descriptive strategy. The main objective of the paper is to get an understanding of the use of electronic resources by the library user. Overall, 90 questionnaires were distributed, whereas only 72 were filled and returned as a sample. To collect data from the users, a systematic questionnaire was constructed. The study aimed to determine the users\u27 requirements and level of consciousness and use of electronic resources. According to data, many users were satisfied with infrastructure facilities, required information, or other reasons for using e-resources and services. However, some users could not use the e-resources due to the lack of user education and awareness campaigns, language difficulties, and IT skills and understanding. As a result, libraries should actively launch well-planned user awareness and education initiatives, expand infrastructure, and subscribe to more e-resources

Trade, investment and economic growth in India and China

Using time series data from 1980 to 2014, this study examines the relationship between trade, investment and economic growth in India and China. The present study attempts to assess the contributions of not only foreign direct investment and exports as done by the previous studies but also incorporates domestic direct investment and imports. The study uses more comprehensive and recent autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound testing approach to examine the existence of short-run and long-run relationships. The main advantage of this approach is that it can be used regardless of the stationarity properties of the variables in the sample. The study gives different results for both countries. In case of China, exports, FDI  and domestic investment have positive impact on economic growth whereas for India only the variable of domestic investment has been found to be significant. China is a world leader in merchandise exports and its services exports have complemented its goods exports. The main weakness of Indian economy is the poor performance of manufacturing sector as a result of which India’s merchandise exports are concentrated around a few categories. Though India is a leader in IT related services exports but these exports are unable to compensate for poor performance of merchandise exports

Event Transformation for Browser Based Web Devices

Today a smartphone or tablet supports seven to eight ways by which user can interact with it. These interaction methods are touch, mouse, keyboard, voice, gestures, hover & stylus. Future is going towards IoE (Internet of everything) but if we really want to realize this vision then we need someone who can deal with these various existing and upcoming device interaction methods. This paper talks about a custom JavaScript library, which is accountable for registering native events coming from different event sources and maps it with the user defined key map to form a proper gesture. It is not a plain mapping because it takes care of many parameters like event state, occurrence, time interval of key press etc. If the events are coming from touch screen device then complexity increases many folds because forming a touch gesture involves all mathematical steps related to identification of swipe direction. Also in order to support the acceleration, its required to know till how long key was pressed and when it was released else no gesture will be formed and all events will be discarded. Based on device capability supported events could be discarded to completely knock off a device interaction method. It could be touch, mouse or key anything. This paper investigates heterogeneity of device interaction method events to form uniform gestures so that application developer need not to write code for each and every device interaction method

Formulation Development and Evaluation of Herbal Toothpaste for Treatment of Oral Disease

Streptococcus mutans is the most common cause of tooth decay. Parabens and other commonly used as anti-Streptococcus agents in toothpaste industry have numerous side effects such as discoloration of teeth. The herbal extract of all three plants gives antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity and prevent and reducing the tooth decay, dental caries and given to freshness of mouth. The aim of present work was development and evaluation of herbal antimicrobial toothpaste containing Bark of Acacia nilotica, Acacia catechu and flower buds of syzygium aromaticum as herbal ingredients. Different types of formulations (F1-F6) were formulated using calcium carbonate as abrasive and Glycerine as humectant in varied concentrations. All the formulations were evaluated for various parameters like dryness, color, appearance, consistency, washability, pH, spreadability and foaming power. Polyherbal toothpaste containing hydroalcoholic extract of plants was tested for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans with different concentrations of toothpaste were used (25, 50and 100 mg/ml). Among the tested bacteria used Staphylococcus aureus was found to be most sensitive to the formulated toothpaste as seen by zone of inhibition (19-24 mm) followed by Streptococcus mutans (13-18 mm). The results showed that the formulated polyherbal toothpaste is promising antimicrobial effects against both organisms. It may be safer compared to fully synthetic toothpaste. Further studies are warranted to prove safety and efficacy of the formulated polyherbal toothpaste. Keywords: Streptococcus mutans, Acacia nilotica, Acacia catechu, syzygium aromaticum, polyherbal toothpast

A clinical study on maternal and fetal outcome in pregnancy with oligohydromnios

Background: Oligohydramnios is associated with various maternal and fetal complication. It’s correlated fetal complications like FGR, increased risk of meconium aspiration syndrome, Birth asphyxia, low APGAR scores and increased congenital abnormalities in fetus. It’s also associated with maternal morbidities in view of operative interventions for delivery. To study effect of oligohydramnios in mother in form of, operative delivery and progress of labour. To study effect of oligohydramnios in fetus in form of fetal compromise i.e.  FGR, fetal distress, altered APGAR score, need for NICU admission. congenital anomaly and perinatal death.Methods: 50 patients with ≥ 28 weeks POG with oligohydramnios, confirmed by ultrasonographic measurement of AFI using four quadrant technique; were selected randomly after fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: Incidence of oligohydramnios were more found in primigravida (56%) in present study. Most common cause of oligohydramnios was idiopathic (62%) followed by PIH (20%). Most common cause of caesarean was fetal distress (23%) either due to cord compression or FGR. oligohydramnios was related to higher rate of Fetal Growth restriction and NICU admission (24%).Conclusions: Oligohydramnios is very common encounter during pregnancy, Because of its frequent occurrence; it demands intensive fetal monitoring and systemic approach to antepartum and intrapartum fetal surveillance. There is increased risk of intrapartum complication, perinatal morbidity, perinatal mortality; thus, the rate of caesarean increasing day by day.one should always know the fine line between vaginal delivery and caesarean section; move ahead with best option without hampering fetal wellbeing and avoid unnecessary operative morbidity