Detection of Abnormal Vessel Behaviours Based on AIS Data Features Using HDBSCAN+

 Achieving maritime security is challenging due to the vastness and complexity of the domain. Monitoring all Achieving maritime security is challenging due to the vastness and complexity of the domain. Monitoringall vessels that use this medium is humanly impossible but is needed for law enforcement. This paper proposes amachine learning solution based on HDBSCAN+ to classify the movements of vessels into ‘normal’ or ‘abnormal’.This classification reduces the number of vessels that have to be monitored by law enforcement agencies to amanageable size. To date, AIS is the primary source of information that can represent vessel movements andenable the detection of maritime anomalies. The proposed model uses latitude, longitude, type of vessel, courseand speed as features of the AIS data for analysis. The performance of the proposed model is validated against the marine incidents reported by Information Fusion Centre-Indian Ocean Region (IFC-IOR). The proposed model has successfully detected the incidents reported by IFC-IOR

Biochemical modulation in male specimens of Channa punctatus (Bloch) under different habitats and seasons

Studies were undertaken to identify the changes in biochemical parameters including water content, lipid and protein in tissues of liver, testis and muscle of Channa punctatus under natural and captive conditions along with physico-chemical parameters for the period January to December, 2008. Result shows that values of lipid in captive condition in muscle, liver and testis ranged from 1 to 4, 1.98 to 5.57 and 1.25 to 4.40%, respectively while in natural habitat, values ranged from 1 to 5, 1.94 to 5.16 and 1.21 to 5.13%, respectively. Water content in captive condition was observed to be in the range of 74.72 to 80.73, 73.97 to 76.92 and 75.56 to 77.97%, respectively and in natural habitat it varied from 72.65 to 80.70, 71.61 to 76.89 and 72.41 to 77.94%, respectively. An increase in water content was observed towards maturation in testis. Protein content in muscle under captive and natural habitat was in the range of 15.97 to 19.37 and 16.70 to 19.40%, respectively. All parameters showed a significant variation (p<0.01) and significant correlation (p<0.01) among the muscles, liver and testis in specimens under captive as well as natural habitat. Peak spawning period in nature was observed during May to August in captive condition indicating that gonadal development and its cyclicity is influenced by the physico-chemical parameters, food and feeding conditions, environmental factors and other stresses. This study shows that the variation in biochemical changes are influenced by variation in seasons due to physico-chemical parameters of the habitat and perhaps the niche.Key words: Habitat, Channa punctatus, testis, biochemical change, physico-chemical parameter

Successful monitoring of the 11 April 2012 tsunami off the coast of Sumatra by Indian Tsunami Early Warning Centre

The Indian Tsunami Early Warning Centre (ITEWC) in Hyderabad monitored the 11 April 2012 tsunami off the coast of Sumatra, which was generated by a shallow strike-slip earthquake and it largest aftershock of magnitude Mw (mB) 8.5 and 8.2 respectively, that occurred inside the subducting slab of the Indian plate. The earthquake generated a small ocean-wide tsunami that has been recorded by various tide gauges and tsunami buoys located in the Indian Ocean region. ITEWC detected the earthquake within 3 min 52 s and issued six advisories (bulletins) according to its Standard Operating Procedure. The ITEWC performed well during the event, and avoided false alarms and unnecessary public evacuations, especially in the mainland part of India region

Revolutionizing Herbal Medicine: Exploring Nano Drug Delivery Systems

Abstract. Introduction: Traditional herbal medicine has been practiced for centuries and continues to play a significant role in healthcare systems worldwide. However, the efficacy and therapeutic potential of herbal remedies can be limited due to various factors such as poor bioavailability, instability, and non-specific targeting. In recent years, nanotechnology has emerged as a promising approach to overcome these limitations and revolutionize the field of herbal medicine. This review explores the application of nano drug delivery systems in enhancing the effectiveness of herbal therapeutics.  The utilization of nanotechnology in the context of herbal medicine involves the design and development of nano-sized carriers that can encapsulate and deliver herbal bioactive compounds to the target sites in a controlled and targeted manner. Various types of nanocarriers, such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanoemulsions, have been extensively investigated for their potential in improving the bioavailability, stability, and controlled release of herbal compounds.  The integration of nanotechnology with herbal medicine offers several advantages, including enhanced solubility, protection against degradation, prolonged circulation time, and specific targeting to diseased tissues or cells. Furthermore, nano drug delivery systems can also facilitate the combination of multiple herbal ingredients, enabling synergistic effects and customized therapeutic approaches.  This review provides an overview of the recent advancements in nano drug delivery systems for herbal medicine, highlighting their potential applications in various therapeutic areas, such as cancer treatment, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammatory conditions. Additionally, challenges and future perspectives regarding the clinical translation of these nanotechnological approaches are discussed.  In conclusion, the integration of nanotechnology with herbal medicine holds great promise in revolutionizing the field of healthcare. The development of efficient and targeted nano drug delivery systems can significantly enhance the therapeutic efficacy of herbal remedies, leading to improved patient outcomes and the potential for personalized medicine. Further research and collaborations between scientists, herbalists, and clinicians are needed to unlock the full potential of nano drug delivery systems in herbal medicine. Keywords: Revolutionizing, Herbal medicine, Nano drug delivery systems, Bioavailability, Stability, Nanotechnology, Nanocarriers, Liposomes, Polymeric nanoparticles, Solid lipid nanoparticles, Nanoemulsion

Advances in pultiple-pulse radio-frequency-gradient imaging of solids

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become the premier tool for the non-destructive evaluation of soft tissue in living systems [1]. Established liquid-state MRI strategies are generally found to be inappropriate for the imaging of rigid solids, because the linewidth for nuclear magnetic resonance in solids is orders-of-magnitude larger than in liquids. Methods currently under development for the NMR imaging of solids either involve the use of very large (fringe-field) magnetic field gradients to encode spatial information over very short periods of time [2], or employ multiple-pulse line-narrowing techniques that prolong a solid’s apparent transverse relaxation time [3–7]. In the latter methods, the magnetic field gradients may be much weaker, but must generally be pulsed synchronously with the line-narrowing sequence. The benefits of implementing this are improved sensitivity and spectroscopic resolution

New Constraints (and Motivations) for Abelian Gauge Bosons in the MeV-TeV Mass Range

We survey the phenomenological constraints on abelian gauge bosons having masses in the MeV to multi-GeV mass range (using precision electroweak measurements, neutrino-electron and neutrino-nucleon scattering, electron and muon anomalous magnetic moments, upsilon decay, beam dump experiments, atomic parity violation, low-energy neutron scattering and primordial nucleosynthesis). We compute their implications for the three parameters that in general describe the low-energy properties of such bosons: their mass and their two possible types of dimensionless couplings (direct couplings to ordinary fermions and kinetic mixing with Standard Model hypercharge). We argue that gauge bosons with very small couplings to ordinary fermions in this mass range are natural in string compactifications and are likely to be generic in theories for which the gravity scale is systematically smaller than the Planck mass - such as in extra-dimensional models - because of the necessity to suppress proton decay. Furthermore, because its couplings are weak, in the low-energy theory relevant to experiments at and below TeV scales the charge gauged by the new boson can appear to be broken, both by classical effects and by anomalies. In particular, if the new gauge charge appears to be anomalous, anomaly cancellation does not also require the introduction of new light fermions in the low-energy theory. Furthermore, the charge can appear to be conserved in the low-energy theory, despite the corresponding gauge boson having a mass. Our results reduce to those of other authors in the special cases where there is no kinetic mixing or there is no direct coupling to ordinary fermions, such as for recently proposed dark-matter scenarios.Comment: 49 pages + appendix, 21 figures. This is the final version which appears in JHE

An Efficient Local Search for Partial Latin Square Extension Problem

A partial Latin square (PLS) is a partial assignment of n symbols to an nxn grid such that, in each row and in each column, each symbol appears at most once. The partial Latin square extension problem is an NP-hard problem that asks for a largest extension of a given PLS. In this paper we propose an efficient local search for this problem. We focus on the local search such that the neighborhood is defined by (p,q)-swap, i.e., removing exactly p symbols and then assigning symbols to at most q empty cells. For p in {1,2,3}, our neighborhood search algorithm finds an improved solution or concludes that no such solution exists in O(n^{p+1}) time. We also propose a novel swap operation, Trellis-swap, which is a generalization of (1,q)-swap and (2,q)-swap. Our Trellis-neighborhood search algorithm takes O(n^{3.5}) time to do the same thing. Using these neighborhood search algorithms, we design a prototype iterated local search algorithm and show its effectiveness in comparison with state-of-the-art optimization solvers such as IBM ILOG CPLEX and LocalSolver.Comment: 17 pages, 2 figure

Should physical activity recommendations be ethnicity-specific? Evidence from a cross-sectional study of south Asian and European men

Background Expert bodies and health organisations recommend that adults undertake at least 150 min.week−1 of moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA). However, the underpinning data largely emanate from studies of populations of European descent. It is unclear whether this level of activity is appropriate for other ethnic groups, particularly South Asians, who have increased cardio-metabolic disease risk compared to Europeans. The aim of this study was to explore the level of MPA required in South Asians to confer a similar cardio-metabolic risk profile to that observed in Europeans undertaking the currently recommended MPA level of 150 min.week−1.<p></p> Methods Seventy-five South Asian and 83 European men, aged 40–70, without cardiovascular disease or diabetes had fasted blood taken, blood pressure measured, physical activity assessed objectively (using accelerometry), and anthropometric measures made. Factor analysis was used to summarise measured risk biomarkers into underlying latent ‘factors’ for glycaemia, insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, blood pressure, and overall cardio-metabolic risk. Age-adjusted regression models were used to determine the equivalent level of MPA (in bouts of ≥10 minutes) in South Asians needed to elicit the same value in each factor as Europeans undertaking 150 min.week−1 MPA.<p></p> Findings For all factors, except blood pressure, equivalent MPA values in South Asians were significantly higher than 150 min.week−1; the equivalent MPA value for the overall cardio-metabolic risk factor was 266 (95% CI 185-347) min.week−1.<p></p> Conclusions South Asian men may need to undertake greater levels of MPA than Europeans to exhibit a similar cardio-metabolic risk profile, suggesting that a conceptual case can be made for ethnicity-specific physical activity guidance. Further study is needed to extend these findings to women and to replicate them prospectively in a larger cohort.<p></p&gt

The co-occurrence of anemia and cardiometabolic disease risk demonstrates sex-specific sociodemographic patterning in an urbanizing rural region of southern India.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: To determine the extent and sociodemographic determinants of anemia, overweight, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the co-occurrence of anemia with cardiometabolic disease risk factors among a cohort of Indian adults. SUBJECT/METHODS: Cross-sectional survey of adult men (n=3322) and nonpregnant women (n=2895) aged 18 years and older from the third wave of the Andhra Pradesh Children and Parents Study that assessed anemia, overweight based on body mass index, and prevalence of MetS based on abdominal obesity, hypertension and blood lipid and fasting glucose measures. We examined associations of education, wealth and urbanicity with these outcomes and their co-occurrence. RESULTS: The prevalence of anemia and overweight was 40% and 29% among women, respectively, and 10% and 25% among men (P<0.001), respectively, whereas the prevalence of MetS was the same across sexes (15%; P=0.55). The prevalence of concurrent anemia and overweight (9%), and anemia and MetS (4.5%) was highest among women. Household wealth was positively associated with overweight and MetS across sexes (P<0.05). Independent of household wealth, higher education was positively correlated with MetS among men (odds ratio (95% confidence interval): MetS: 1.4 (0.99, 2.0)) and negatively correlated with MetS among women (MetS: 0.54 (0.29, 0.99)). Similar sex-specific associations were observed for the co-occurrence of anemia with overweight and MetS. CONCLUSIONS: Women in this region of India may be particularly vulnerable to co-occurring anemia and cardiometabolic risk, and associated adverse health outcomes as the nutrition transition advances in India

An intelligent payment card fraud detection system

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Springer via the DOI in this recordPayment cards offer a simple and convenient method for making purchases. Owing to the increase in the usage of payment cards, especially in online purchases, fraud cases are on the rise. The rise creates financial risk and uncertainty, as in the commercial sector, it incurs billions of losses each year. However, real transaction records that can facilitate the development of effective predictive models for fraud detection are difficult to obtain, mainly because of issues related to confidentially of customer information. In this paper, we apply a total of 13 statistical and machine learning models for payment card fraud detection using both publicly available and real transaction records. The results from both original features and aggregated features are analyzed and compared. A statistical hypothesis test is conducted to evaluate whether the aggregated features identified by a genetic algorithm can offer a better discriminative power, as compared with the original features, in fraud detection. The outcomes positively ascertain the effectiveness of using aggregated features for undertaking real-world payment card fraud detection problems