Sighting of Red-headed Vultures (Sarcogyps calvus) in a group

Asian vultures are endangered birds included in Schedule 1 of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. From the nine species of vultures found in India, five are reported from the Bundelkhand region in central India. An exhaustive survey was done in the Panna Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh, from January to June 2016. Red-headed Vultures (Sarcogyps calvus) are solitary in nature but during the survey we collectively sighted a total of 12 Red-headed Vultures in Panna Tiger Reserve, whilst eight were recorded in the region between Hinauta and Dhudhua Seha in one group. Red-headed Vultures are facing serious threats of habitat loss and lack of food availability along with diclofenac poisoning, and they require various conservation measures to maintain their population

Effect of frequent hand washing for COVID-19 prevention

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global public health concern. While dealing with COVID-19 pandemic, hand washing and the use of hand-hygiene products has been advocated, as a preventive measure. However, frequent hand washing leads to an increased risk of skin changes ranging from dryness and peeling of skin to itching, redness and blister formation. This study aims to understand the hand-hygiene practices and compare side effects between group using hand sanitizers with the group using soap with water.Methods: A 12-item self-administered close ended questionnaire assessing the hand washing habits and effect of the same on skin was used. A total of 60 cases were enrolled. The correlation between use of hand hygiene measures and the clinical changes was studied.Results: In our study, 32 out of the 60 reported a frequency of hand washing between 5-10 times a day. The awareness about using hand moisturizer was noted in 75% individuals. Side effects were more commonly observed in group B using alcohol-based sanitizers as compared to group A using soap with water. Dryness was the most common symptom, observed in 23.3% individuals using alcohol-based sanitizers and 10% individuals using soap with water.Conclusions: Hand-hygiene measures remain the cornerstone of prevention of COVID-19 transmission. However, the use of hand-hygiene products is associated with side effects especially dryness. Regular use of hand moisturizer is essential in preventing the unnecessary effects of frequent hand washing

Synthesis Approach of 2D Mesh Network Inter Communication (2D-2D) using Network on Chip

The solution for the multiprocessor system architecture is Application specific Network on Chip (NOC) architectures which are emerging as a leading technology. Modeling and simulation of multilevel network structure and synthesis for custom NOC can beneficial in addressing several requirements such as bandwidth, inter process communication, multitasking application use, deadlock avoidance, router structures and port bandwidth. The paper emphasizes on the network on chip modeling and synthesis of 2D network and intercommunication among multilevel 2D networks. NOC synthesis environment provides transaction level network modeling and address all the requirements together in an integrated chip. In the paper consideration is done for 2D, 8 x 8 network and similar networks are considered which are identified by their specific network address. NOC chip is developed using VHDL programming language. Design is implemented in Xilinx 14.2 VHDL software, functional simulation is carried out in Modelsim 10.1 b, student edition and synthesis process is carried out on Digilent Sparten -3E FPGA

A Multistate Markov Model Based on CD4 Cell Count for HIV/AIDS Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)

Abstract: The main purpose of this study is to assess the impact of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) by using a multistate Markov model to estimate transition intensities and transition probabilities among various states (transient as well as absorbing) of the AIDS patients. A total of 580 AIDS patients were included in this study who are undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy treatment in the ART centre in New Delhi during the period of April 2004 to April 2011. The patients are classified in different states on the basis of their available CD4 cell counts. The authors also estimated the mean sojourn time and total length of stay in each state before absorption, and also examined the effects of explanatory variables (i.e Age, Sex, Mode of transmission) on the rates of transition using Cox's proportional hazard model

Diversity of Elasmus species in rural and urban areas of district Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh India (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)

The present study is based on the diversity of Elasmus Westwood. The genus is cosmopolitan in distribution containing about 254 species described from various parts of the world out of which 47 species are recognized from India. Attempts have not been made to explore the species of genus Elasmus in District Bareilly and its surrounding areas. During the course of study, 15 specimens of genus Elasmus have been collected by sweeping method over grasses trees and bushes in urban and rural areas of Bareilly district. All the collected specimens have been identified and compared with the type material obtained from ZSI Jodhpur and the Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. The morphological features of collected specimens have been compared with the type material obtained from above said Institutions, which clearly indicate that these changes are due to demographic variations as a result of changes in the environmental conditions especially due to impact of temperature of this temperate zone of Northern India

Blooming Faunal Diversity of Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary, Unnao, Uttar Pradesh, India

A study of faunal diversity in Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary was done during January 2013 to December 2013. This Sanctuary has an area of 224.60 hectares. The state and nature of the habitat plays a crucial role in diversity and population composition of fauna in study area. For their basic needs, food, roosting and breeding etc., various fauna prefer this site. According to this study Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary is an ideal wetland. The result includes 150 species of birds belonging to 17 orders and 46 families, 10 orders of insects with 61species, 12 species of fishes belonging to 5 families, 16 species of reptiles, 3 species of amphibians belonging to 14 families, 4 species of mollusks belonging to 3 orders, 3 species of annelids belonging to 3 orders and 12 species of mammals belonging to 10 families from Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary. All these faunal species depend on the wetland flora and fauna and nearby agriculture fields

Diversity of Spiders in Kukrail Reserve Forest, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

Spiders belong to order Araneae of Class Arachnida and phylum Arthropoda. The present study was carried out to investigate the diversity of spiders in Kukrail Reserve Forest, located in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. Kukrail Reserve is a subtropical dry deciduous forest, covering an area of 5,000 hectare, located on the co-ordinates N-26054’ 399’, E-080 59’ 046’.The study was conducted from December 2013 to September 2014. During the study a total of 61 Spider species were identified belonging to 45 genera & 16 families. Out of this, majority of spiders were belonging to family Salticidae followed by Araneidae. Total species reported here represents about 25% of total spider families found in India

Comparative Analysis of Spatio and Viterbi Encoding and Decoding Techniques in Hardware Description Language

The paper focuses on the design and synthesis of hardware chip for Spatio and Viterbi encoding and decoding techniques. Both techniques are used for digital data encoding and decoding in transmitter and receiver respectively. These techniques are used for error control coding found in convolution codes. Spatio coding is also used to eliminate crosstalk among interconnect wires, thereby reducing delay. The encoded data is in packet form may be of 2018;N2019; bits. Data is decoded at different clock pluses at which it is encoded. A comparative analysis is done for hardware parameter, timing parameters and device utilization. Design is implemented in Xilinx 14.2 VHDL software, and functional simulation was carried out in Modelsim 10.1 b, student edition. Hardware parameters such as size cost and timings are extracted from the design code

Egyptian Vultures: The Unfortunate Victims

Vultures are the keystone species and very important scavengers responsible for the maintenance of balance of ecosystem. Diclofenac is the main reason of mass decline in the population of vultures in India but there are other factors too that are adversely affecting the vultures, like the shortage of food after the change in lifestyle of people, the closure of slaughterhouses in Uttar Pradesh, indiscriminate cutting of trees as a part of urbanization, and the unawareness regarding the importance of vultures. Due to rapid urbanization and deforestation the whole natural equilibrium has changed. It has displaced vultures from their habitats. The present study aimed at showing the drastic decline in the population of Egyptian Vultures in Rae Bareli district of Uttar Pradesh. Repeated surveys show that there has been a decline in individuals from an average 171 individuals to only 02 individuals. Strict measures and proper awareness with comprehensive education regarding the environment helps people to understand how important these species are and there is the necessity to keep these species alive from the brink of extinction

Hardware Synthesis of Chip Enhancement Trasformations in Hardware Description Language Environment

Human analyze different sight in daily life images to perceive their environment. More than 99% of the activity of human brain is involved in processing images from the visual cortex. A visual image is rich in information and can save thousand words. Many real world images are acquired with low contrast and unsuitable for human eyes to read, such as industrial and medical X-ray images. Image enhancement is a classical problem in image processing and computer vision. The image enhancement is widely used for image processing and as a preprocessing step in texture synthesis, speech recognition, and many other image/video processing applications. The main challenge is to transpose the validated algorithms into a language as hardware description languages. It is also the need that the input and output data files should be reshaped to match the binary content permitted into the hardware simulators. Research focuses on Simulation, Design and Synthesis of 2D and 3D Image enhancement chip in Hardware description language (HDL) Environment. The chip implementation of image enhancement algorithm is done using Discrete Wavelet Transformation (DWT) and Inverse Modified Discrete Cosine Transformation (IMDCT). Hardware chip modeling and simulation is done in Xilinx 14.2 ISE Simulator. Synthesis environment is carried out on Diligent Sparten-3E FPGA. . Image enhanced values are seen in the waveform editor of Modelsim software