Approximation of Entropy Numbers

The purpose of this article is to develop a technique to estimate certain bounds for entropy numbers of diagonal operator on spaces of p-summable sequences for finite p greater than 1. The approximation method we develop in this direction works for a very general class of operators between Banach spaces, in particular reflexive spaces. As a consequence of this technique we also obtain that the entropy number of a bounded linear operator T between two separable Hilbert spaces is equal to the entropy number of the adjoint of T. This gives a complete answer to the question posed by B. Carl [4] in the setting of separable Hilbert spaces.Comment: 10 page

RTL2RTL Formal Equivalence: Boosting the Design Confidence

Increasing design complexity driven by feature and performance requirements and the Time to Market (TTM) constraints force a faster design and validation closure. This in turn enforces novel ways of identifying and debugging behavioral inconsistencies early in the design cycle. Addition of incremental features and timing fixes may alter the legacy design behavior and would inadvertently result in undesirable bugs. The most common method of verifying the correctness of the changed design is to run a dynamic regression test suite before and after the intended changes and compare the results, a method which is not exhaustive. Modern Formal Verification (FV) techniques involving new methods of proving Sequential Hardware Equivalence enabled a new set of solutions for the given problem, with complete coverage guarantee. Formal Equivalence can be applied for proving functional integrity after design changes resulting from a wide variety of reasons, ranging from simple pipeline optimizations to complex logic redistributions. We present here our experience of successfully applying the RTL to RTL (RTL2RTL) Formal Verification across a wide spectrum of problems on a Graphics design. The RTL2RTL FV enabled checking the design sanity in a very short time, thus enabling faster and safer design churn. The techniques presented in this paper are applicable to any complex hardware design.Comment: In Proceedings FSFMA 2014, arXiv:1407.195

A numerical model for the fractional condensation of pyrolysis vapours

Experimentation on the fast pyrolysis process has been primarily focused on the pyrolysis reactor itself, with less emphasis given to the liquid collection system (LCS). More importantly, the physics behind the vapour condensation process in LCSs has not been thoroughly researched mainly due to the complexity of the phenomena involved. The present work focusses on providing detailed information of the condensation process within the LCS, which consists of a water cooled indirect contact condenser. In an effort to understand the mass transfer phenomena within the LCS, a numerical simulation was performed using the Eulerian approach. A multiphase multi-component model, with the condensable vapours and non-condensable gases as the gaseous phase and the condensed bio-oil as the liquid phase, has been created. Species transport modelling has been used to capture the detailed physical phenomena of 11 major compounds present in the pyrolysis vapours. The development of the condensation model relies on the saturation pressures of the individual compounds based on the corresponding states correlations and assuming that the pyrolysis vapours form an ideal mixture. After the numerical analysis, results showed that different species condense at different times and at different rates. In this simulation, acidic components like acetic acid and formic acids were not condensed as it was also evident in experimental works, were the pH value of the condensed oil is higher than subsequent stages. In the future, the current computational model can provide significant aid in the design and optimization of different types of LCSs

Pedunculated parotid oncocytoma in submandibular region

Oncocytoma of the parotid is a very uncommon benign tumour accounting for 1% of benign tumours of the parotid. Clinically these swellings cannot be distinguished from other tumours and diagnosis is mainly by histopathological examination. All the reported cases arose from the superficial lobe of the parotid. This is a rare case of a pedunculated parotid tumour presenting as a swelling in the submandibular region.Keywords: Oncocytoma; Parotid gland; ExcisionInternet Journal of Medical Update 2012 July;7(2):57-5

DESIGN OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK BASED TID CONTROLLER FOR TRANSIENT STABILITY IMPROVEMENT

This paper is to present the design of the neural network based TID controller applicable to static VAR compensator (SVC) on two machine 3-bus transmission system to improve the transient stability when sudden disturbances occur in transmission system. i.e three phase fault. The power system network considered is to simulated using phasor simulation method. Comparisons regarding stability are done for the system without controller, PI control ler, TID controller and Neural Network based TID controller. Simulation results show that the proposed Adaptive Neural network based TID controller was effective in reducing power system oscillations compared to other controllers

Multi-objective optimization for preemptive & predictive supply chain operation

At present, the manufacturing industry has undergone a tremendous change in its operating principle with respect to the supply chain management system where the demands of consumers are dynamically and exponentially rising. Although Industry 4.0 offers a significant solution to this principle with the aid of its predictive automated operating process, till date there is less number of fault tolerant model that can effectively meet the standard demands of supply chain planning. Therefore, the proposed system introduces an analytical model where predictive optimization is carried out towards bridging the gap between supply and demands in supply chain 4.0. An analytical framework is a design from constraints derived from practical environment in order to offer better applicability of it. The study outcome shows that the proposed model could offer better performance in comparison to the existing optimization method with respect to the better budget control system for offering predictive and preemptive model design

A Note on Approximating the Symplectic Spectrum

The symplectic eigenvalues play a significant role in finite mode quantum information theory, and Williamson normal form proves to be a valuable tool in this area. Understanding the symplectic spectrum of a Gaussian Covariance Operator is a crucial task. Recently, an infinite-dimensional analogue of Williamson Normal form was discovered, which has been instrumental in studying infinite mode Gaussian quantum states. However, most existing results pertain to finite-dimensional operators, leaving a dearth of literature in the infinite-dimensional context. The focus of this article is on employing approximation techniques to estimate the symplectic spectrum of certain infinite-dimensional operators. These techniques are well-suited for a particular class of operators, including specific types of infinite mode Gaussian Covariance Operators. Our approach involves computing the Williamson Normal form and deriving bounds for the symplectic spectrum of these operators. As a practical application, we explicitly compute the symplectic spectrum of Gaussian Covariance Operators. Through this research, we aim to contribute to the understanding of symplectic eigenvalues in the context of infinite-dimensional operators, opening new avenues for exploration in quantum information theory and related fields

Comparison of one and two time constant models for lithium ion battery

The fast and accurate modeling topologies are very much essential for power train electrification. The importance of thermal effect is very important in any electrochemical systems and must be considered in battery models because temperature factor has highest importance in transport phenomena and chemical kinetics. The dynamic performance of the lithium ion battery is discussed here and a suitable electrical equivalent circuit is developed to study its response for sudden changes in the output. An effective lithium cell simulation model with thermal dependence is presented in this paper. One series resistor, one voltage source and a single RC block form the proposed equivalent circuit model. The 1 RC and 2 RC Lithium ion battery models are commonly used in the literature are studied and compared. The simulation of Lithium-ion battery 1RC and 2 RC Models are performed by using Matlab/Simulink Software. The simulation results in his paper shows that Lithium-ion battery 1 RC model has more maximum output error of 0.42% than 2 RC Lithium-ion battery model in constant current condition and the maximum output error of 1 RC Lithium-ion battery model is 0.18% more than 2 RC Lithium-ion battery model in UDDS Cycle condition. The simulation results also show that in both simple and complex discharging modes, the error in output is much improved in 2 RC lithium ion battery model when compared to 1 RC Lithium-ion battery model. Thus the paper shows for general applications like in portable electronic design like laptops, Lithium-ion battery 1 RC model is the preferred choice and for automotive and space design applications, Lithium-ion 2 RC model is the preferred choice. In this paper, these simulation results for 1 RC and 2 RC Lithium-ion battery models will be very much useful in the application of practical Lithium-ion battery management systems for electric vehicle applications