Carrier to Noise ratio Performance Evaluation for Optical SSB Signal in Radio over Fiber System

The optical and wireless communication systems convergence will activate the potential capacity of photonic technology for providing the expected growth in interactive video, voice communication and data traffic services that are cost effective and a green communication service. The last decade growth of the broadband internet projects the number of active users will grow to over 2 billion globally by the end of 2014. Enabling the abandoned capacity of photonic signal processing is the promising solution for seamless transportation of the future consumer traffic demand. One emerging technology applicable in high capacity, broadband millimeter-wave access systems is Radio over Fiber also called Fiber To The Air (FTTA). In this paper, Optical SSB signal is specifically selected as it has tolerance for power degradation due to dispersion effects over a length of fiber and CNR (carrier to noise ratio) performance is evaluated in terms of phase noise from RF oscillator Linewidth and laser linewidth. Signal degradation is studied for various lengths of fibers in the presence of fiber chromatic dispersio

Novel blood markers in psychosis

Psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia maintain a 1% point prevalence in society at large. They cause much suffering to the patients and exact grave costs on society. There is an urgent need for better diagnosis and treatment of psychotic disorders. Patients with psychotic disorders are primarily treated for deteriorating psychiatric symptoms and often somatic comorbidities are overlooked. Accelerated ageing and metabolic comorbidities such as adiposity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease are common in psychosis patients, with often 15-20 years shortened life expectancy. The main pathophysiological elements of psychotic disorders and schizophrenia remain elusive. There is increasing evidence to suggest that psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia are in fact a group of related disorders advocating a more individualized evidence-based treatment than that currently available. Biomarkers are by definition useful tools for describing individual patient centered disease states or selecting treatment approaches. The main aim of this thesis was to investigate putative blood biomarkers which describe the previously reported ongoing pathological processes inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic disturbances. In paper I we assessed, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), a proxy for mitochondrial dysfunction in patients of psychotic disorder. We additionally investigated the effect of anti-psychotic drug treatment on the mtDNA copy number of neuro-epithelial stem cell derived human neurons. In paper II and III, we explored plasma levels of GDF-15, an anti-inflammation marker gaining traction in the field of cardiovascular disease, in the context of psychotic disorders. In paper IV we report the initial findings of a larger study of inflammation in first episode psychosis (FEP) patients recruited for exercise intervention. We investigated a pre-selected group of cytokines, ligands and receptors in patients with FEP. The major findings from this thesis work includes 1) We were the first to report elevated plasma GDF-15 levels in patients with psychotic disorders compared to healthy age and gender matched controls. 2) We detected that GDF-15 robustly associated with aging and levels of established analyte biomarkers for cardiovascular disease, while not with the acute inflammation marker C-reactive protein. 3) Treatment with clozapine and risperidone was associated with a depletion of whole blood and neuronal mtDNA. 4) In those not treated with clozapine or risperidone, the mtDNA copy number was reduced with age and with more severe psychosis. 5) Most FEP patients, 70%, had markedly elevated plasma fractalkine levels, while the rest had low healthy control levels, reflecting an on/off pattern. FEP patients could be divided into four immunologically distinct groups categorized by how fractalkine levels changed over 12 weeks physical exercise. One group likely represents patients with milder psychosis. The present thesis provides findings from pre-clinical and basic research with a potential to support the development of better clinical therapy for patients of psychotic disorders

Landsliding Pre-Warning System

In this project we have to study of landslide, it occurs naturally we can’t stop natural cause but we can alert the people. Due to landslide there will losses of human life and properties. This project present landslide alert system by using wireless sensors that transmitted by zigbee module from this we can alert the people. In this we used three sensors accelerometer sensor, water level sensor, temperature sensor. Accelerometer sensor is used to measure the slop of angle if there is any movement in landslide and we used water level sensor to collect the depth of water in land. Temperature sensor is used to check the change in temperature. This data is given to microcontroller it is used to read the measurement and display on LCD. GPS is used to give latitude and longitude all reading is given to transmitter zigbee. This information is transmitting to receiver zigbee which is display on LCD and buzzer will activate due to this we can alert people and save human life and properties. This is real time project to save the human life

Silver adsorption on biochar produced from spent coffee grounds: validation by kinetic and isothermal modelling

This study investigates silver adsorption on biochar produced from pyrolysis of spent coffee grounds (SCGs). Biochars were produced from SCGs at temperatures between 500 and 1000 °C. SCG-derived biochars were then characterised by different analytical methods, such as Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and investigated for silver removal. The results revealed that the biochar produced at 500 °C offered a maximum surface area of 40.1 m2/g with a yield of 23.48% biochar and the highest silver adsorption capacity of 49.0 mg/g with 99.9% silver removal efficiency. The morphology of adsorbed silver on biochar was determined using scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS), and XRD analyses, which showed an even distribution of silver on the biochar surface. Furthermore, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed that part of the silver ions was reduced to form metallic silver (Ag0)/silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) during adsorption. The kinetics and isothermal evaluation suggested that silver adsorption was dominated by the pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir isotherm, which means that silver adsorption was mainly dominated by chemisorption and monolayer on biochar surface. Overall, this study suggests that 500 °C was the most feasible pyrolysis temperature to produce SCG-derived biochar with suitable physicochemical properties that can efficiently adsorb silver species from wastewater

Utilization of Egg-shell, a Locally Available Biowaste Material, for Adsorptive Removal of Congo Red from Aqueous Solution

Egg-shell, a locally obtainable biowaste material, was successfully used for common textile dye (congo red) removal from synthetic wastewater solution. All adsorptive experiments were carried out in a batch method. Experiments were conducted to understand the consequence of different functioning parameters, for example, the pH of the solution, adsorbent dosage, reaction time, and initial adsorbate concentration. The surface morphology of the egg-shell was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the adsorbent (before as well as after adsorption) showed that there was a change in surface morphology, which ensured the congo red adsorption on the adsorbent surface. The adsorbent dose was determined to be 1g as optimum value, while the solution pH 5 was seemingly the best operating pH at the tested conditions. Complete adsorption was achieved in 120 min while the pseudo-second-order kinetic model portrayed the sorption kinetics quite nicely. Langmuir adsorption model (monolayer adsorption) was the best-suited model for describing the sorption process in the concern of the correlation coefficient. The values of dimensionless separation parameters (RL) signified that the adsorption process was promising for all studied concentrations. A considerably great extent of sorption capacity (153.85 mg/g) of egg-shell adsorbent indicated that it could be employed for wastewater treatment in textile and related industrie

Assessment of arsenic and heavy metal pollution in Chhattisgarh, India

Natural contamination of arsenic (As) and heavy metals (HMs) poses a health threat in many regions. Ambagarh Tehsil, Rajnandgaon, Central India, is a heavily polluted area due to mineralization of geogenic As and HMs in the environment, i.e., water, plants, and soil. In this work, contamination extents and sources of As and HMs (Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Pb) in water, soil, and common plants were investigated to understand the main entry route of these toxic elements in human and domestic animals. The mean concentrations of total As in surface water, groundwater, surface soil, plant leaves, and animal stool samples of 0.031±0.009¿¿mg¿mL-1, 0.360±0.114¿¿mg¿mL-1, 192±65¿¿mg¿kg-1, 5.61±4.78¿¿mg¿kg-1, and 51.0±7.6¿¿mg¿kg-1, respectively, were found. The speciation, sources, enrichment, and toxicities of the As and other HMs are discussed, together with some associated health hazards, exemplified in domestic animals exposed to the contaminated water and food

RNAI MEDIATED GENE SILENCING OF EIF3A: A POSSIBLE SOLUTION TO CONTROL BREAST CANCER

Objective: The eukaryotic translational initiation factor 3A (eIF3A) is reported to be over expressed in most breast cancer cells. In the present study, our aim is to suppress the over expression of eIF3A in human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line using gene silencing technique (RNA interference (RNAi)).Methods: The artificial microRNA (amiRNA) targeting eIF3A gene was constructed by incorporating short interference RNA (siRNA) sequences against eIF3A gene into endogenous microRNA30 (miR-30) and cloned into pcDNA3.1 vector. The amiRNA containing plasmid was then transfected into MCF-7 cell line and the expression of eIF3A was examined by RT-PCR. The cytotoxicity of plasmid with amiRNA targeting eIF3A on MCF–7 cells was evaluated by MTT assay.Results: The amiRNA construct significantly inhibited eIF3A gene expression and reduce the cell viability of MCF-7 cell line.Conclusion: The usage of modified endogenous amiRNA in vector based expression system with significant gene silencing efficiency suggests that RNAi based gene silencing method can be considered as one of the effective means to control cancer.Â

Oral Health Knowledge Among Patients Attending Dental OPD of Bangladesh Medical College in Relation to Gender, Generation, Education and Economic Status

This report describes a questionnaire-based study on 309 adult patients attending the Dental Outpatients Department of Bangladesh Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka during December 2000 to March 2001. The aim of the study was to determine the oral health knowledge of the patients in relation to their age, gender, economic and educational status. Almost two third (63.1%) of the subjects correctly said that pan chewing was bad for teeth. Three fourth (78.3%) of the subjects gave correct answer on question of how to prevent teeth decay. When question was asked about cause of teeth decay, bleeding gum and action of fluoride on teeth, only 38.2%, 41.4% and 32.3% could give correct answer respectively. With a few exceptions, knowledge of oral health was comparatively poor among the older generation, females, less educated and less privileged group