Heavy metal distribution in the soils and benthal deposits of the seym basin

Benthal deposits form under climatic, chemical, physical, biological, mechanical, and hydrological influences in water bodies and their surfaces. An analysis of the benthal deposits is integral for assessing the pollution rate in a water body as it indicates the extent of an anthropogenic impact on it. However, the existing methods of benthal deposit analysis are highly underdeveloped. This research aims to estimate the heavy metal pollution in benthal deposits of the Zheleznogorsk region headwaters, Kursk Region. In order to achieve the set goal, the authors formulated the following objectives: (1) to assess the benthal deposit pollution rate via the regional St. Petersburg assessment method (1996); (2) to assess the benthal deposit pollution rate via pollutant threshold limit values for soils; (3) to identify the top priority pollutants of the benthal deposits in the researched headwaters; and (4) to identify factors of heavy metal flow in benthal deposits. The research results revealed the inadequacy of soil sanitary norms applied to benthal deposits. At the same time, the regional St.Petersburg method has broader possibilities of application in the assessment of benthal deposits. However, it requires adjustment to the environmental conditions of the Central Black Earth zone due to composition differences between soils and benthal deposits. The following metals exceeded the ambient content level in the benthal deposits of Zheleznogorsk region headwaters, Kursk Region: chrome, nickel, iron, and zinc. High iron content in rivers has been registered both in the proximity of the Mikhailovsky mining and processing plant [MMPP] and quarry and in headwaters located near the living areas of Zheleznogorsk far higher than the MMPP. All the water collection basins reviewed in this study demonstrated an even distribution of pollutants with no major divergence from the norm around the MMPP-related objects. However, the pollutant concentration exceeded the limit near all the living areas

Childhood pneumonia and meningitis in the Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea in the era of conjugate vaccines: study methods and challenges

Background: Pneumonia and meningitis are common causes of severe childhood illness in Papua New Guinea (PNG). The etiology of both clinical conditions in PNG has not been recently assessed. Changes in lifestyle, provision and access to healthcare, antimicrobial utilization and resistance, and the national childhood vaccination schedule necessitate reassessment. Methods: A prospective case-control study was undertaken, enrolling children <5 years of age to determine the contemporary etiology of clinically defined moderate or severe pneumonia or suspected meningitis. Cases were identified following presentation for inpatient or outpatient care in Goroka town, the major population centre in the Eastern Highlands Province. Following enrolment, routine diagnostic specimens including blood, nasopharyngeal swabs, urine and (if required) cerebrospinal fluid, were obtained. Cases residing within one hour’s drive of Goroka were followed up, and recruitment of healthy contemporaneous controls was undertaken in the cases’ communities. Results: 998 cases and 978 controls were enrolled over 3 years. This included 784 cases (78.6%) with moderate pneumonia, 187 (18.7%) with severe pneumonia and 75 (7.5%) with suspected meningitis, of whom 48 (4.8%) had concurrent pneumonia. The median age of cases was 7.8 months (Interquartile range [IQR] 3.9–14.3), significantly lower than community controls, which was 20.8 months (IQR 8.2–36.4). Half the cases were admitted to hospital (500/998; 50.1%). Recruitment of cases and controls and successful collection of diagnostic specimens improved throughout the study, with blood volume increasing and rates of blood culture contamination decreasing. The overall case fatality rate was 18/998 (1.8%). Of cases eligible for follow-up, outcome data was available from 76.7%. Low but increasing coverage of Haemophilus influenzae type B conjugate vaccines on the national schedule was observed during the study period: three dose DTPw-HepB-Hib coverage in children >3 months increased from 14.9 to 43.0% and 29.0 to 47.7% in cases and controls (both p < 0.001). Despite inclusion in the national immunization program in 2014, 2015 PCV13 three-dose coverage in cases and controls >3 months was only 4.0 and 6.5%. Conclusions: Recruitment of large numbers of pediatric pneumonia and meningitis cases and community controls in a third-world setting presents unique challenges. Successful enrolment of 998 cases and 978 controls with comprehensive clinical data, biological specimens and follow up was achieved. Increased vaccine coverage remains an ongoing health priority

Estudio económico del olivo:

Fil: Kumani, Panaiote

99Q, kecerdasan 99 : Cara meraih kemenangan hidup lewat penerapan 99 Asma Allah.

Jakartaxxix, 351 p.; 24 cm

Hydrochemical Peculiarities of Catastrophic Pollution of the Psel River under Influence of Erosion-Hydrological Processes on the Catchment Area

Abstract: The strengthening of anthropogenic pressure on the catchments of small and medium-sized rivers of the Central Black Earth region of Russia, associated with significant plowing and an increase in the number of livestock complexes, contributes to an increase in the concentrations of organic substances and nutrients in permanent watercourses. At the same time, the sources of their point discharges are absent. This indicates an increase in diffuse pollution of rivers as a result of erosion-hydrological processes in economically developed catchment areas. The case of the formation of catastrophic pollution of the upstream reaches of the Psel (Psyol) River, which led to the mass death of aquatic organisms at the 25 km section of the river, is discussed. It was found that the reason for this is a catastrophic decrease in waterborne oxygen concentrations, caused by a combination of various active water-erosion processes in the plowed catchment area, related to anomalous rainfall, temperature regime, and hydrodynamic characteristics of this section of the river channel. It is shown that in the absence of measures aimed at soil and water protection on the catchments of small rivers of the Central Black Earth regions, in certain weather-climatic conditions, the diffuse water pollution of watercourses may reach a catastrophic level

IMPROVEMENT IN MICRO HARDNESS OF M.S. (C-40) BY UTILIZING VIBRATORY TECHNIQUE IN ORDINARY BALL BURNISHING PROCESS

ABSTRACT Surface characteristic of material plays vital role in performance of a component such as load bearing capacity, fatigue strength, resistance to corrosion, friction, wear, etc. Some of parameters which influence the above performance characteristics are geometric features of the surface, its hardness, and degree of cold work and nature of residual stress induced. Burnishing forms an important member in the family of these post machining processes. The deforming action of the ball which governs the micro hardness is strongly governed by the trajectory movement of tool. The trajectory movement of tool can be adjusted in proper range by selecting proper combinations of speed, feed, vibration frequency and amplitude. Addition in vibratory technique, the investigation of electromagnetic vibrator using in ordinary ball burnishing process perform reliable and effective surface enhancement. The plastic deformation on the part surface can easily achieved by applying considerably lower pressure as compared to other conventional techniques. With the use of vibratory technique on lathe machine, further improvement is possible in micro hardness of work piece

Heavy metal distribution in the soils and benthal deposits of the seym basin

Benthal deposits form under climatic, chemical, physical, biological, mechanical, and hydrological influences in water bodies and their surfaces. An analysis of the benthal deposits is integral for assessing the pollution rate in a water body as it indicates the extent of an anthropogenic impact on it. However, the existing methods of benthal deposit analysis are highly underdeveloped. This research aims to estimate the heavy metal pollution in benthal deposits of the Zheleznogorsk region headwaters, Kursk Region. In order to achieve the set goal, the authors formulated the following objectives: (1) to assess the benthal deposit pollution rate via the regional St. Petersburg assessment method (1996); (2) to assess the benthal deposit pollution rate via pollutant threshold limit values for soils; (3) to identify the top priority pollutants of the benthal deposits in the researched headwaters; and (4) to identify factors of heavy metal flow in benthal deposits. The research results revealed the inadequacy of soil sanitary norms applied to benthal deposits. At the same time, the regional St.Petersburg method has broader possibilities of application in the assessment of benthal deposits. However, it requires adjustment to the environmental conditions of the Central Black Earth zone due to composition differences between soils and benthal deposits. The following metals exceeded the ambient content level in the benthal deposits of Zheleznogorsk region headwaters, Kursk Region: chrome, nickel, iron, and zinc. High iron content in rivers has been registered both in the proximity of the Mikhailovsky mining and processing plant [MMPP] and quarry and in headwaters located near the living areas of Zheleznogorsk far higher than the MMPP. All the water collection basins reviewed in this study demonstrated an even distribution of pollutants with no major divergence from the norm around the MMPP-related objects. However, the pollutant concentration exceeded the limit near all the living areas

Recent changes in sediment redistribution in the upper parts of the fluvial system of European Russia: Regional aspects

Copyright © 2014 IAHS Press. Quantitative assessments of soil loss from cultivated land and sediment redistribution along pathways from cultivated fields to river channels have been undertaken using a range of different methods and techniques, including erosion models, detailed studies of sediment redistribution in representative catchments, monitoring of gully head retreat and evaluation of sediment deposition in ponds and small reservoirs. Most of the sediment eroded from arable land is deposited between the lower portions of the cultivated slopes and the river channels. Less than 15% of the eroded sediment is delivered to the river channels. Sediment redistribution rates in the upper parts of the fluvial system have declined during the last 25 years in both the western and eastern parts of the Russian Plain, because of a major reduction of surface runoff during snowmelt and a reduction of the area of arable land in some parts of the study area

Recent changes in sediment redistribution in the upper parts of the fluvial system of European Russia: Regional aspects

Copyright © 2014 IAHS Press. Quantitative assessments of soil loss from cultivated land and sediment redistribution along pathways from cultivated fields to river channels have been undertaken using a range of different methods and techniques, including erosion models, detailed studies of sediment redistribution in representative catchments, monitoring of gully head retreat and evaluation of sediment deposition in ponds and small reservoirs. Most of the sediment eroded from arable land is deposited between the lower portions of the cultivated slopes and the river channels. Less than 15% of the eroded sediment is delivered to the river channels. Sediment redistribution rates in the upper parts of the fluvial system have declined during the last 25 years in both the western and eastern parts of the Russian Plain, because of a major reduction of surface runoff during snowmelt and a reduction of the area of arable land in some parts of the study area