Use of non Saccharomyces yeast strains coupled with ultrasound treatments as a novel technique to accelerate aging over lees of red wines and its repercussion in sensorial parameters

Mestrado Vinifera EuroMaster - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaAgeing over lees has long been considered to benefit the overall quality of wine, enhancing the body and mouthful as well as sensorial complexity, color stability. Despite of all the positive attributes conferred by this technique, it is a complex process which could last up to years and is affected by several variables of different nature and complexities. This process has several economic impacts representing large investments for all producers to store the wines in cellars as well as the wine maker has to bear the potential risk associated with the organoleptic and microbiological alterations in the wines. Thus, it is important for the winemakers to optimize the time of ageing on lees. Further more in today’s fiercely competitive market it is reasonable to develop new strategies and techniques to accelerate the ageing over lees process, shorten the storage time and achieve better quality. In this study two novel techniques: use of non Saccharomyces strains coupled with ultrasound treatment were tested to see their efficiency for accelerating aging over lees. The combined effects of the techniques were tested to see their impacts on the polysaccharide release and on the organoleptic properties of red wine. Release of polysaccharides was analyzed by HPLC-RI. Anthocyanins and aroma compounds were analyzed by using HPLC-PDAD/ESI-MS, GC-FID respectively. Also Color and Total Phenolic Index were recorded periodically along the experiment. Results showed that ultrasound treatment is a reliable technique for shortening the ageing on lees process by strongly increasing the concentration of polysaccharides released into the wine after only two weeks treatment and without adversely affecting the sensorial quality of the wine. Additions of sand as an abrasives agent increased the polysaccharide release. Furthermore the non Saccharomyces strains of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Saccharomyces ludwigii and Brettanomyces showed better results with regards to the amount of polysaccharide release compared to the control Saccharomyces strains. Interesting results with Brettanomyces were observed, as the use of this particular strain did not impart any off flavors to the wine. This can be explained by the use of lyophilized strains used in this study which were dosed in the wine to carry out the aging over lees. Ultrasonic treatment coupled with aging over lees resulted in reduction of anthocyanin content of the wine and also effected the aroma compounds.In conclusion this study illustrated the use of Ultrasounds and Non Saccharomyces strains as novel techniques for aging over lees, however more research in this field is required to study the clear effects on ultrasounds on the chemical composition of wine before replicating the application on a large scale productio

Knowledge, Perceptions and Practices of Caregivers of Under-Five Children on Pneumonia Management in Tribal Areas of Nandurbar, India

Introduction Pneumonia is the main cause of under-five children worldwide with the burden in developing countries such as India. Caregivers are the primary care providers for their children. So, their knowledge becomes important in preventive efforts. Methods The study was conducted in Akkalkuwa block of Nandurbar district of Maharashtra State of India. The study was cross-sectional, mixed methods assessing knowledge, perceptions and practices of caregivers on pneumonia among children aged below five years using a vignette. Systematic and convenience sampling was used to select the participants. The participants were selected from 29 villages under TWO Primary Health Centre areas located in plain and hilly area respectively. Results Total 107 caregivers of under-five children were interviewed from the Akkalkuwa block. More than half of the respondents were from 18-25 years age category. Less than one-fourth of the respondents were illiterate and one-fourth had completed higher secondary or junior college. Cough, flu, fever and stomach upset/distention were the commonly reported symptoms of pneumonia. Food ingestion, climate and heat-cold humoral been reported as perceived causes whereas private doctors, traditional healers and herbalists were the highest source of help seeking for pneumonia. More than 90% believe pneumonia can be cured and more than one-third consider it as a serious illness. Sadness/anxiety of reducing income or work was the highest reported concern after getting pneumonia. More than half of them consider pneumonia as strain for family finances. Little less than one-fifth received any information on pneumonia and half of them reported friend/family as source of information about pneumonia. Conclusion Health education need to be imparted among community members. Traditional healers, herbalists and private practitioners to sensitize about appropriate treatment of pneumonia. Messages need to be prepared in the local languages (Bhili, Pawri dialect) using the local terminologies to be used in formation of IEC material

Time History Analysis of Circular and Rectangular Elevated Water Storage Tank using Baffle Wall

In the world, there are large number of storage tanks which are used as water and oil storage facilities. Elevated water tank is one of the most important structures in earthquake event. As known from very upsetting experiences, elevated water tanks were heavily damaged or collapsed during earthquake Hence different configurations of liquid storage tanks have been constructed. Water tanks are play an important role in municipal water supply and firefighting systems. Due to post earthquake useful desires, seismic safety of water tanks is most important. In the current study time history analysis of rectangular and circular elevated water storage tank were analyzed using SAP 2000 software. In this study the concrete baffle wall was used to reduce sloshing effect of the water tank. The tank responses such as maximum nodal displacement, base shear and result were compared for empty and full tank water fill condition. From IS 11682:1985provision when seismic loading is considered only two cases may be taken one is tank empty condition and other is tank full condition. Finally, study discloses the importance of suitable supporting baffle wall to remain withstand against heavy damages of circular and rectangular elevated water tanks during earthquake. As per IITK-GSDMA guidelines for seismic design of liquid storage tanks, hydrodynamic pressure for impulsive and convective mode was calculated

Effect of Wind Load on Structural Performance of Dimensionally Regular & Irregular High rise Buildings with different Outrigger Systems

Outriggers system is used as one of the best way of increasing the lateral stiffness and has been generally utilized in tall building structures. The outrigger system is very effective in increasing structure’s flexural stiffness. It is likewise viable in decreasing the horizontal top deflection and bending moments in the core of high-rise frame-core structures. This study presents the detailed analysis on how the top drift, inter-story drift, base moment in the core are influenced by the outriggers stiffness, outriggers optimum locations, columns axial stiffness and foundations flexibility. outrigger braced structures can strengthen a structure without disturbing its aesthetic appearance and this is a significant advantage over other lateral load resisting systems. The thesis compare between many outriggers systems including both concrete & steel Outriggers. The Rectangular shape & L- shaped building structures are taken for analysis. The study also presents simplified procedure to optimize the location of the outriggers that will result in a maximum reduction in the lateral displacement at the top of the building. The modeling of the structure is done using “ETABS” program. The investigation of the model is completed by comparable static technique. Finally, the thesis proposed a simplified analysis for outriggers structures with core for both regular and irregular high rise building

EFFECT OF NISTHUSHAYADIKWATHA AND PHALATRIKADI KWATHA IN AMLAPITHA– A RANDOMISED COMPARATIVE CLINICAL STUDY

Amlapitta may be a clinical entity manifesting within the Annavaha Srotas. Kashyapa and Madhava have described this disease thoroughly. Amlapitta has become quite common because of the change within the food and life styles, sophistication and a stressful life. It is characterized by Avipaka, Klama, Tiktodhgara, Amlodhgara, Gaurava, Hritkanthadaha and Aruchi indicating the Vikruthi of Pachakapitta, Kledakakapha and Samanavata. The etiological factors and therefore the symptomatology manifested relate Amlapitta to diseases mentioned under Acid Peptic Disorders. Nistushayadi Kwatha and Phalatrikadi kwatha were selected. The main objectives of the study are to study and compare the effect of Nistushayadi Kwatha and effect of Phalatrikadi kwatha in the management of Amlapitta. A total of 40 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected, and randomly assigned into two groups i.e., Group A and Group B, comprising of 20 patients each. Group A and Group B were administered Nistushayadi kwatha and Phalatrikadi Kwatha respectively for 30 days. Both the groups were advised Pathya Ahara. They were followed up after every 10th days. After the intervention the Samanya Lakshana of Amlapitta were observed, recorded and assessed. The overall assessment of both the groups, where group A receives Nistushyadi kwatha and group B Phalatrikadi kwatha shows promising improvement in the subjective parameters. Assessment was done using unpaired ‘t’ test between these two groups, the result was not quite statistically significant which means there is no much difference in the efficacy of these two formulation in the management of Amlapitta. Both the formulations shown nearly same outcome in the improvement of disease parameter. The reduction in the symptoms were started to be noticed by 7th day where the patients had reduction in Hrutkantha Daha, Aruchi, Kanthadaha and Angagourav. These symptoms resolved by 30th day

Role of fine needle aspiration cytology in diagnosis of breast lumps

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Fine needle aspiration cytology is a cost effective, easy procedure in the diagnosis of breast lump.Methods: This was a one year retrospective study between January 2016 and December 2016. Needle aspiration was done in 100 patients presenting with breast lump. Histopathology correlation was done in 33 cases.Results: Fibroadenoma were most common lesions. Malignancy was reported in 13 cases. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were found to be 85%, 100%, 100%, 96.3% and 97% respectively.Conclusions: Fine needle aspiration cytology is a simple, easy, OPD based, cost effective procedure with high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in diagnosis of breast lumps