Astroparticle and neutrino oscillation research with KM3NeT

Two next generation underwater neutrino telescopes are under construction in the Mediterranean sea by the KM3NeT Collaboration. The first, ORCA, optimised for atmospheric neutrinos detection will be capable to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy with > 3σ after three years of operation, i.e. as early as 2023. The second, ARCA, is optimised for high energy neutrino astronomy. Its location allows for surveying most of the Galactic Plane, including the Galactic Centre and the most promising source candidates. The neutrino diffuse emission flux measured by the IceCube Collaboration can be observed with 5σ in less than one year

Real-Time Continuous Acoustic Monitoring of Marine Mammals in the Mediterranean Sea

The passive acoustic monitoring of cetaceans is a research method that can provide unique information on the animal's behaviour since the animals can be studied at great depths and at a long-range without interference. Nevertheless, the real-time data collection, transfer, and analysis using these techniques are difficult to implement and maintain. In this paper, a review of several experiments that have used this approach will be provided. The first class of detectors consists of hydrophone systems housed under buoys on the sea surface with wireless data transmission, while the second type comprises several acoustic detector networks integrated within submarine neutrino telescopes cabled to the shore

Biogeography of the cosmopolitan terrestrial diatom Hantzschia amphioxys sensu lato based on molecular and morphological data

Until now, the reported diversity of representatives from the genus Hantzschia inhabiting soils from different parts of Eurasia was limited to the few species H. amphioxys, H. elongata and H. vivax and some of their infraspecific taxa. We have studied the morphology, ultrastructure and phylogeny of 25 soil diatom strains, which according to published description would be assigned to "H. amphioxys sensu lato" using 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA and rbcL. We show that strains are made up of seven different species of Hantzschia, including five new for science. Five strains were identified as H. abundans. This species has a slight curvature of the raphe near its external proximal ends. Four of the examined strains were represented by different populations of H. amphioxys and their morphological characteristics fully correspond with its isolectotype and epitype. The main specific features of this species include 21-25 striae in 10 mu m, 6-11 fibulae in 10 mu m, 40-50 areolae in 10 mu m and internal proximal raphe endings bent in opposite directions. H. attractiva sp. nov., H. belgica sp. nov., H. parva sp. nov., H. pseudomongolica sp. nov. and H. stepposa sp. nov. were described based on differences in the shape of the valves, significant differences in dimensions, a lower number of striae and areolae in 10 mu m and the degree and direction of deflection of the internal central raphe endings. Based on the study of the morphological variability and phylogeny of soil Hantzschia-species from different geographical locations we conclude that while some species such as H. amphioxys are truly cosmopolitan in their distributions, some sympatric populations of pseudocryptic taxa exist in the Holarctic

Endoscopic Drainage of the Pancreatic Pseudocyst through the Stomach or Duodenal Wall

In the article we have presented early outcome and long-term outcome of the usage of various methods of endoscopic drainage of the pancreatic pseudocyst through the stomach or duodenal wall in 56 patient

Bile a-Amylase and Lipase - Possible Predictors of Acute Pancreatitis in Case of Bile Duct Stone Impacted at the Major Duodenal Papilla

The results of diagnostics and treatment of 102 patients with bile duct stone impacted at the major duodenal papilla were subject to analysis. The obtained results demonstrate that the level of bile α-amylase and lipase may serve as a predictor of acute biliary pancreatitis progressio

Endoscopic biliary stenting for post-cholecystectomy bile leaks

This paper deals analyzes the treatment experience of 15 patients with bile leakage after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. All patients have undergone endoscopic transpapillary interventions in the bile ducts, including a retrograde cholangiography, papillotomy, biliary stenting, either individually or in combination with traditional surger

Diagnostics and Treatment of Acute Biliary Pancreatitis

The authors have suggested a new diagnostic algorithm to be applied in case of impacted bile duct stone of major duodenal papilla, based on prognosis of acute pancreatitis according to results of analysis of biochemical bile marker