A Comparative Study of the Past Tense Aspects in Russian and Italian

Introduction. The problem of aspect categorisation in Italian, as well as in other Romance languages, is studied not so profoundly compared to what has been done in Russian linguistics. The Indo-European Presence – Aorist – Perfect in their aspectual meaning, which are the most independent forms, have turned to build the tense system both in Italian and Russian. The brightest aspectual meanings are expressed in the forms of the Past. The different perception of 'completeness' and 'incompleteness' aspects in these forms by the speakers of Italian and Russian is probably connected with the peculiarities of the tense formation on the deep level of the language system. So, additional grammar comments are needed. Methodology and sources. The main language unit is believed to be the semifinitive. Thereby we can facilitate the application of formal logical modelling to the description and explanation of syntactic phenomena. The material of the investigation is the surface structure of a predicate, which is formed, on the deep level, by a verbal semifinitive and a time specifier.Results and discussion. A scheme has been elaborated, demonstrating, how a verbal semifinitive becomes polarised by a time specifier. The whole range of aspectual variants, which may occur in a predicate due to the interaction of its constituents through their charges, has been shown. It is reasoned about a charge on participle II. The notion of polarisation is added to the notions of Indefinite or Perfect aspects to represent traditional grammar tenses more exact. This investigation allows to establish a correspondence of Italian and Russian tenses to different charge states of a semifinitive, touched by a specifier. It is rather admittable that the difference between incomplete and complete aspects in Russian is expressed by participles II, which are in complex semifinitives, and in Italian – by simple semifinitives.Conclusion. A comparative analysis of the verbal aspect category in Indo-European tenses, including the past ones, can be carried out, to our mind, both by stemming from the polarisation peculiarities of verbal semifinitives, and through investigation of literature translations, where correspondence is established on the level of language examples. In this case the genetic identity of Indo-European constructions has a chance to be represented as evidently as possible

The need of professional judgement of the accountant in accounting assets of exploration and evaluation of mineral resources

© 2014, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All rights reserved. The relevance of the investigation is predetermined by the fact that application of IFRS 6 “The exploration for and evaluation of mineral resources” presupposes the application of professional accounting judgment while running the information about exploration and evaluation of mineral resources. The aim of the article is to study how oil producing companies apply IFRS 6 and to work out some suggestions on perfecting the accounting policy in the above-mentioned assets in the conditions of uncertainty of the norms of International standards

Efficiency analysis of taking out real estate loans for profit-making organizations

© 2014, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All rights reserved. This article presents modified factors to analyze efficiency of getting real estate loans by profit-making organizations. These factors make allowance for the characteristic features of real estate lending transactions such as their long-termness, and uneven stream of cash-flows. Total value of net cash return from a real estate lending transaction is typically discounted revenue, which we calculated both pretax and post-tax. Taxation is shown to exert a considerable impact on discounted revenue position. Real estate lending transaction financial leverage effect is calculated for the whole duration of the investment project, with allowance for time value of money

Disputes over the Budgetary Decision Making System of Japan : Issues of Budgetary Reform in the Post-Wa rid War II (1)

© 2014, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All rights reserved. This article presents modified factors to analyze efficiency of getting real estate loans by profit-making organizations. These factors make allowance for the characteristic features of real estate lending transactions such as their long-termness, and uneven stream of cash-flows. Total value of net cash return from a real estate lending transaction is typically discounted revenue, which we calculated both pretax and post-tax. Taxation is shown to exert a considerable impact on discounted revenue position. Real estate lending transaction financial leverage effect is calculated for the whole duration of the investment project, with allowance for time value of money

Increased motor cortex excitability during motor imagery in brain-computer interface trained subjects

Background: Motor imagery (MI) is the mental performance of movement without muscle activity. It is generally accepted that MI and motor performance have similar physiological mechanisms. Purpose: To investigate the activity and excitability of cortical motor areas during MI in subjects who were previously trained with an MI-based brain-computer interface (BCI). Subjects and Methods: Eleven healthy volunteers without neurological impairments (mean age, 36 years; range: 24–68 years) were either trained with an MI-based BCI (BCI-trained, n = 5) or received no BCI training (n = 6, controls). Subjects imagined grasping in a blocked paradigm task with alternating rest and task periods. For evaluating the activity and excitability of cortical motor areas we used functional MRI and navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS). Results: fMRI revealed activation in Brodmann areas 3 and 6, the cerebellum, and the thalamus during MI in all subjects. The primary motor cortex was activated only in BCI-trained subjects. The associative zones of activation were larger in non-trained subjects. During MI, motor evoked potentials recorded from two of the three targeted muscles were significantly higher only in BCI-trained subjects. The motor threshold decreased (median = 17%) during MI, which was also observed only in BCI-trained subjects. Conclusion: Previous BCI training increased motor cortex excitability during MI. These data may help to improve BCI applications, including rehabilitation of patients with cerebral palsy.Web of Science7art. no. 0016

Experimental study of intrinsic multiple Andreev reflections effect in GdO(F)FeAs superconductor array junctions

We report the first observation of the intrinsic multiple Andreev reflections effect (IMARE) in S-n-S-...-S-arrays (S = superconductor, n = normal metal) formed by "break-junction" technique in GdO(F)FeAs superconductor (Tc = 48 - 53 K). We show that superconducting gap peculiarities at dI/dV-spectra sharpen dramatically in the arrays as compared with that in the single-contact spectra; this enables to improve significantly accuracy of the bulk superconducting parameters determination. Using IMARE, we determined the large and the small gap values \Delta_L = 11 +- 1.1 meV and \Delta_S = 2.6 +- 0.4 meV. The BCS-ratio 2\Delta_L/kTc^{local} = 5.0 - 5.9 > 3.52 (Tc^{local} is the contact area critical temperature) evidences for a strong electron-boson coupling. The results obtained agree well with our previous data by Andreev spectroscopy for single SnS-contacts.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure

6-OXA-3-phosphabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane 3-oxide derivatives

1. A new group of organophosphorus epoxides with bicyclic systems consisting of condensed phospholane and oxirane rings was prepared. 2. Organic peroxy acids react smoothly with the double bonds of 3-phospholene 1-oxides, but not with those of 2-phospholene 1-oxides. 3. The behavior of phospholene 1-oxides in reactions with electrophilic peroxy acids shows that the nucleophilicity of the double bond in these substances greatly depends on its position in the ring. © 1969 Consultants Bureau

THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF DERIVATIVES POLYCHLOROBIPHENYLS

The thermal stability and composition of the gas phase of derivatives of polychlorobi-phenyls synthesized by the reaction of the congeners with KOH with 2-aminoethanol was studied by synchronous thermal analysis and mass spectrometry.This work was funded by RFFI (grant № 18-29-24126)