33 research outputs found
The Effect of the Paleolithic Diet vs. Healthy Diets on Glucose and Insulin Homeostasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Recently, the Paleolithic diet became popular due to its possible health benefits. Several,
albeit not all, studies suggested that the consumption of the Paleolithic diet might improve glucose
tolerance, decrease insulin secretion, and increase insulin sensitivity. Therefore, the aim of this
meta-analysis was to compare the effect of the Paleolithic diet with other types of diets on glucose
and insulin homeostasis in subjects with altered glucose metabolism. Four databases (PubMed, Web
of Sciences, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library) were searched to select studies in which the effects of
the Paleolithic diet on fasting glucose and insulin levels, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), homeostasis
model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and area under the curve (AUC 0–120) for
glucose and insulin during the oral glucose tolerance test were assessed. In total, four studies with 98
subjects which compared the effect of the Paleolithic diet with other types of diets (the Mediterranean
diet, diabetes diet, and a diet recommended by the Dutch Health Council) were included in this
meta-analysis. The Paleolithic diet did not differ from other types of diets with regard to its effect on
fasting glucose (standardized mean difference (SMD): −0.343, 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.867,
0.181, p = 0.200) and insulin (SMD: −0.141; 95% CI: −0.599, 0.318; p = 0.548) levels. In addition, there
were no differences between the Paleolithic diet and other types of diets in HOMA-IR (SMD: −0.151;
95% CI: −0.610, 0.309; p = 0.521), HbA1c (SMD: −0.380; 95% CI: −0.870, 0.110; p = 0.129), AUC 0–120
glucose (SMD: −0.558; 95% CI: −1.380, 0.264; p = 0.183), and AUC 0–120 insulin (SMD: −0.068; 95%
CI: −0.526, 0.390; p = 0.772). In conclusion, the Paleolithic diet did not differ from other types of diets
commonly perceived as healthy with regard to effects on glucose and insulin homeostasis in subjects
with altered glucose metabolism
Zastosowanie surfaktantów do redukcji pęknięć w materiałach ceramicznych podczas suszenia
The main goal of this work was to investigate the effect of stearate sodium sulfate surfactant on the reduction of drying induced stresses in clay-like materials during drying. The experiments were carried out on cylindrical samples molded of kaolin-clay wetted with water solution of different surfactant concentrations. The samples after moisture distribution leveling were subjected to convective drying in hot air at temperature of 90°C in a dryer chamber. The acoustic emission method was used to monitor the stress development in drying samples. Moreover, the samples were observed and photographed to visualize their shrinkage during drying.Głównym celem tej pracy było zbadanie efektu wpływu surfaktantu (stearynian sodu) na redukcję naprężeń suszarniczych w materiałach glino- podobnych podczas suszenia. Eksperymenty przeprowadzono na próbkach cylindrycznych wykonanych z glinki kaolinowej zwilżanej roztworem wodnym o różnych stężeniach surfaktantu. Próbki, po ujednorodnieniu rozkładu wilgoci, były poddane konwekcyjnemu suszeniu w gorącym powietrzu o temperaturze 90°C w suszarce komorowej. Do monitorowania rozwoju naprężeń suszarniczych wykorzystana była metoda emisji akustycznej. Ponadto próbki były obserwowane i fotografowane, aby uwidocznić skurcz materiału podczas suszenia
The Effect of the Paleolithic Diet vs. Healthy Diets on Glucose and Insulin Homeostasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Recently, the Paleolithic diet became popular due to its possible health benefits. Several, albeit not all, studies suggested that the consumption of the Paleolithic diet might improve glucose tolerance, decrease insulin secretion, and increase insulin sensitivity. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the effect of the Paleolithic diet with other types of diets on glucose and insulin homeostasis in subjects with altered glucose metabolism. Four databases (PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library) were searched to select studies in which the effects of the Paleolithic diet on fasting glucose and insulin levels, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and area under the curve (AUC 0–120) for glucose and insulin during the oral glucose tolerance test were assessed. In total, four studies with 98 subjects which compared the effect of the Paleolithic diet with other types of diets (the Mediterranean diet, diabetes diet, and a diet recommended by the Dutch Health Council) were included in this meta-analysis. The Paleolithic diet did not differ from other types of diets with regard to its effect on fasting glucose (standardized mean difference (SMD): −0.343, 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.867, 0.181, p = 0.200) and insulin (SMD: −0.141; 95% CI: −0.599, 0.318; p = 0.548) levels. In addition, there were no differences between the Paleolithic diet and other types of diets in HOMA-IR (SMD: −0.151; 95% CI: −0.610, 0.309; p = 0.521), HbA1c (SMD: −0.380; 95% CI: −0.870, 0.110; p = 0.129), AUC 0–120 glucose (SMD: −0.558; 95% CI: −1.380, 0.264; p = 0.183), and AUC 0–120 insulin (SMD: −0.068; 95% CI: −0.526, 0.390; p = 0.772). In conclusion, the Paleolithic diet did not differ from other types of diets commonly perceived as healthy with regard to effects on glucose and insulin homeostasis in subjects with altered glucose metabolism.Peer Reviewe
Effect of Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) Extract Supplementation in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats Fed with a High-Fat Diet
Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) lipophilic and polar extract dietary supplementation effects were evaluated according to diabetes management indices, using an in vivo model. A research pipeline was constructed, that ranged from extract preparation, partial chemical characterization and toxicity evaluation, to examining the elderberry extract dietary supplementation effects on biofluid and tissues. Extracts toxicity was screened using an Aliivibrio fischeri bioluminescence model. A concentration of up to 60 mg/L was selected, and rat doses for oral supplementation were computed applying the interspecies correlation between A. fischeri and rats. Wistar type 2 diabetic rats, induced by streptozotocin (STZ), were fed a high-fat diet and supplemented for 4 weeks at doses of 190 and 350 mg/kg body weight/day of lipophilic and polar extract, respectively. As far as we know, lipophilic elderberry extract supplementation was assessed for the first time, while polar extract was administrated at higher doses and for a shorter period compared to previous studies, aiming to evaluate subacute supplementation effects. The polar extract modulated glucose metabolism by correcting hyperglycemia, while the lipophilic extract lowered insulin secretion. Both extracts lowered insulin resistance, without remarkable alterations to hematological indices, sera lipids and sera and tissular trace element homeostasis. In conclusion, elderberries are a potential source of bioactive compounds for formulations to be used as co-adjuvants in diabetes management
Multiproxy evidence of `Little Ice Age' palaeoenvironmental changes in a peat bog from northern Poland
`Little Ice Age' (LIA) climatic deteriorations have been abundantly documented in various archives such as ice, lake sediments and peat bog deposits. Palaeoecological analyses of peat samples have identified these climatic deteriorations using a range of techniques, for example palynology, plant macrofossils, testate amoebae or carbon isotopic analyses. The use of inorganic geochemistry and the reconstruction of dust fluxes has remained a challenge in tracing the nature of LIA climatic changes. Although the idea of enhanced erosion conditions and storminess is commonly discussed, the conditions for dust deposition in peatlands over Europe during the LIA are rarely favourable, because the natural forest cover over Europe was much more important than nowadays, preventing dust deposition. This intense forest canopy masks the deposition of dust in peatlands. In northern Poland, near the Baltic shore, the S[l]owi[n]skie B[l]ota area was deforested around AD 1100, ie, just before the LIA, and therefore constitutes a key area for the reconstruction of LIA climatic change. With the support of a well-constrained chronology, climatic fluctuations are recorded in an ombrotrophic bog using inorganic geochemistry, plant macrofossils and carbon isotopic analyses. The reconstruction of LIA climatic changes is in good agreement with other records from Poland and NE Europe. However, a c. 50-year discrepancy can be observed between various records. This discrepancy is possibly due to progressive time-dependent cooling gradient from north to south Europe
Spectrum-Based Log Diagnosis
We present and evaluate Spectrum-Based Log Diagnosis (SBLD), a method to help
developers quickly diagnose problems found in complex integration and
deployment runs. Inspired by Spectrum-Based Fault Localization, SBLD leverages
the differences in event occurrences between logs for failing and passing runs,
to highlight events that are stronger associated with failing runs.
Using data provided by our industrial partner, we empirically investigate the
following questions: (i) How well does SBLD reduce the effort needed to
identify all failure-relevant events in the log for a failing run? (ii) How is
the performance of SBLD affected by available data? (iii) How does SBLD compare
to searching for simple textual patterns that often occur in failure-relevant
events? We answer (i) and (ii) using summary statistics and heatmap
visualizations, and for (iii) we compare three configurations of SBLD (with
resp. minimum, median and maximum data) against a textual search using Wilcoxon
signed-rank tests and the Vargha-Delaney measure of stochastic superiority.
Our evaluation shows that (i) SBLD achieves a significant effort reduction
for the dataset used, (ii) SBLD benefits from additional logs for passing runs
in general, and it benefits from additional logs for failing runs when there is
a proportional amount of logs for passing runs in the data. Finally, (iii) SBLD
and textual search are roughly equally effective at effort-reduction, while
textual search has a slightly better recall. We investigate the cause, and
discuss how it is due to the characteristics of a specific part of our data.
We conclude that SBLD shows promise as a method for diagnosing failing runs,
that its performance is positively affected by additional data, but that it
does not outperform textual search on the dataset considered. Future work
includes investigating SBLD's generalizability on additional datasets.Comment: Published in ESEM'20: ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical
Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM), October 8-9, 2020, Bari, Italy.
ACM, 12 page