Insomnia in elderly patients – various ways to manage

Introduction: Impaired duration, rhythm and depth of sleep and wakefulness called insomnia is a common problem in the group of geriatric patients. About 50% of elderly people report insomnia. Material and Methods: The paper reviews literature using the EBSCO and Google Scholar databases. Articles have been analyzed using the keywords insomnia, elderly patients, prevalence and etiology, primary care, treatment, diet, physiotherapy. The article presents various methods to manage insomnia among the elderly. Results: The main treatment for insomnia includes pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions or a combination of both. A very important aspect is proper dietary, physiotherapy treatment and physical activity. Conclusions: Effective management of sleep disorders improves the quality of life of patients struggling with this disorder and prevents the occurrence of depression and anxiety, which often coexist with insomnia

Metallo-Beta-Lactamases: NDM

New Delhi, an enzyme belonging to the Metallo-beta-lactamases and Carbapenemases group, is most commonly found in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. It determines these bacteria resistance to the majority of known antibiotics. NDM-1 was discovered in 2008 in a man treated in New Delhi for E. coli infection. Since the first appearance, 17 subtypes of this enzyme have been discovered. Its occurrence has been reported in Europe (Great Britain, France, Belgium - where even a national alert has been issued) as well as in the United States and in Africa. Most cases of New Delhi enzyme bacterial infections are reported in India or in people who have traveled to this country. There is no treatment method described so far. Therapy is based on antibiotic susceptibility test results. Colistin shows the highest effectiveness against NDM. There are also tests suggesting that Isomargololone and Nimbolide may be effective in most cases of NDM infection