Spatiotemporal dynamics of the kinetic energy in the atmospheric boundary layer from minisodar measurements

Spatiotemporal dynamics of the atmospheric kinetic energy and its components caused by the ordered and turbulent motions of air masses are estimated from minisodar measurements of three velocity vector components and their variances within the lowest 5–200 m layer of the atmosphere, with a particular emphasis on the turbulent kinetic energy. The layered structure of the total atmospheric kinetic energy has been established. From the diurnal hourly dynamics of the altitude profiles of the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) retrieved from minisodar data, four layers are established by the character of the altitude TKE dependence, namely, the near-ground layer, the surface layer, the layer with a linear TKE increase, and the transitive layer above. In the first layer, the most significant changes of the TKE were observed in the evening hours. In the second layer, no significant changes in the TKE values were observed. A linear increase in the TKE values with altitude was observed in the third layer. In the fourth layer, the TKE slightly increased with altitude and exhibited variations during the entire observation period. The altitudes of the upper boundaries of these layers depended on the time of day. The MKE values were much less than the corresponding TKE values, they did not exceed 50 m2/s2. From two to four MKE layers were distinguished based on the character of its altitude dependence. The two-layer structures were observed in the evening and at night (under conditions of the stable atmospheric boundary layer). In the morning and daytime, the four-layer MKE structures with intermediate layers of linear increase and subsequent decrease in the MKE values were observed. Our estimates demonstrated that the TKE contribution to the total atmospheric kinetic energy considerably (by a factor of 2.5–3) exceeded the corresponding MKE contribution

Multimedia technologies in vocational education

Modern higher professional education is aimed at the formation of a highly qualified competent specialist. In the conditions of the competence approach, there is an active introduction in the educational process of multimedia technologies. This is one of the most rapidly developing areas of information technology. Therefore, the training of students should be carried out with the use of various information and communication tools, ensuring the improvement of the quality of education. The purpose of the article is to present the experience of training students of pedagogical University using multimedia technologies. The analysis of the impact of these technologies on the motivation and training of students when studying discipline "technology of training teachers of the past" (media technologies have been embedded in the discipline content). For the study, we measured the motivation of students. We compared the indicators of motivation diagnostics in 2017 (before the introduction of multimedia technologies) and 2018 (after the introduction of technologies). We compared the motives of creative realization (MTR) and professional motives (PM). According to the control event on the discipline "Technologies of teaching teachers of the past", we found that the percentage of "excellent" in 2018 has increased significantly, the percentage of unsatisfactory ratings have decreased. The obtained data allowed detecting positive changes after the introduction of multimedia technologies into the educational process. The motivation of students to study the discipline has increased, their preparedness has increased, and the quality of education has increased. The high efficiency of multimedia technologies was determined, so their implementation in the training of students of pedagogical University will continue

Round table technology in university educational process

The process of building students' competence must meet modern requirements and include the use of innovative technologies. The development trends of modern society have led to the emergence of a competency-based approach in vocational education. In the process of building professional competence, it is necessary to use technologies that meet the requirements of the Federal state educational standards which contribute to the development of practical focus of training. Among such technologies we single out technologies for holding a round table. The technologies of the round table are not new, but due to combination with various innovative technologies, they become more relevant. The implementation of the round table in the training of vocational education teachers is a discussion process that speculates about a relevant topic requiring a comprehensive analysis. Modern conditions provide arrangements of round tables with their own specifics. The purpose of the article is to identify the effectiveness of holding round tables in students’ preparation in higher educational institutions. The article presents basic principles on which the technology of the round table is based, its ideas and essence, as well as the features of its holding. A study conducted at a pedagogical university during the training of vocational education teachers is presented. It showed the need for implementing round-table technologies in preparing students for future professional activities, as the ones allowing students to build effective discussions, negotiate based on arguments and facts. We have identified the effectiveness of the "round tables" in the training of students in higher educational institutions. The study made it possible to establish the level of students’ preparedness for conducting effective discussions for the implementation of future professional activities in secondary vocational educational institutions. The technology of the round table allows to increase the knowledge level of students. The results can be used in students’ training in various faculties

Effect of irradiation with low-energy alpha particles on the structural-phase state of coatings of triple nitride systems based on titanium and vanadium on steel

The paper presents the results of studies of the effect of alpha-particle irradiation on the structural-phase composition of nitride coatings CrTiN, MoTiN and NbTiN on the surface of a steel substrate. The coatings were formed by vacuum-arc condensation in a gas medium with N2 using ion bombardment with the use of Ti, Cr, and Mo cathodes. In addition, coatings in a N2 gas medium on a steel substrate were produced by magnetron sputtering from Ti and Nb metals. Experimental data and the analysis of state diagrams of ternary systems of nitrides based on titanium and vanadium with transition metals of IVA-VIA groups have allowed deriving criteria for choosing materials for production of nitride coatings with a fairly high radiation stability

Discovery of a novel non-narcotic analgesic derived from the CL-20 explosive: Synthesis, pharmacology, and target identification of thiowurtzine, a potent inhibitor of the opioid receptors and the ion channels

The number of candidate molecules for new non-narcotic analgesics is extremely limited. Here, we report the identification of thiowurtzine, a new potent analgesic molecule with promising application in chronic pain treatment. We describe the chemical synthesis of this unique compound derived from the hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) explosive molecule. Then, we use animal experiments to assess its analgesic activity in vivo upon chemical, thermal, and mechanical exposures, compared to the effect of several reference drugs. Finally, we investigate the potential receptors of thiowurtzine in order to better understand its complex mechanism of action. We use docking, molecular modeling, and molecular dynamics simulations to identify and characterize the potential targets of the drug and confirm the results of the animal experiments. Our findings finally indicate that thiowurtzine may have a complex mechanism of action by essentially targeting the mu opioid receptor, the TRPA1 ion channel, and the Cav voltage-gated calcium channel

Диагностика неравномерности легочной вентиляции методом вымывания азота при множественном дыхании у больных, перенесших COVID-19

The aim was to evaluate the ventilation inhomogeneity (VIH) by the multiple-breath nitrogen washout test (MBNW) after COVID-19 and to identify the relationship of the lung clearance index (LCI) with other functional parameters of the respiratory system. Methods. The cross-sectional study included 35 patients (97% men); the median age was 44 years. Spirometry, body plethysmography, diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLco), MBNW test, and impulse oscillometry were performed. Dyspnea was evaluated by mMRC scale. MBNW test was performed using the Easy-one Pro, MBW Module (ndd Medizintechnik AG, Switzerland). Results. The patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 included 21 (60%) patients who were not diagnosed with VIH. Group 2 included 14 (40%) patients with VIH. The median testing period was 72 (47 - 109) days from the onset of COVID-19. The median of the maximum volume of lung damage determined by high-resolution computed tomography (CTmax) was 50% in the acute period of the disease and 12% during the study. The medians of all analyzed parameters remained normal in the study cohort as well as in groups 1 and 2, except the resonance frequency (fres) in group 2. Statistically significant differences were found between groups 1 and 2 in the absolute frequency dependence of resistance (R5 - R20), reactance area (AX), fres. Significant differences were also found in pathological changes of vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), (R5 - R20). The abnormalities were more common in group 2. A significant correlation was shown between LCI with the ratio of residual lung volume to total lung capacity, (R5 - R20), AX, fres, relative frequency dependence of resistance, CTmax, FEV1 and trasfer-factor (DLco). Conclusion. Seventy-two days after the onset of CoVID-19, the ventilation inhomogeneity was detected in 40% of the patients, decreased DLco - in 23%, airway obstruction - in 11.4%, and restrictive ventilatory defect - in 8.6%. Correlations were found between LCI and DLco, spirometry parameters, body plethysmography, impulse oscillometry, and CTmax.Целью исследования явилась оценка неравномерности легочной вентиляции (НЛВ) методом вымывания азота при множественном дыхании (ВАМД) у больных, перенесших COVID-19, и выявление взаимосвязи индекса легочного клиренса (lung clearance index — LCI) с другими функциональными показателями системы дыхания. Материалы и методы. В поперечное исследование включены пациенты (n = 35: 34 (97 %) - мужчины; медиана возраста - 44 года). В рамках обследования выполнялись спирометрия, бодиплетизмография, исследование диффузионной способности легких по монооксиду углерода (DLco) методом ВАМД, импульсная осциллометрия, оценка одышки с помощью модифицированной шкалы одышки (Medical Research Council Scale - mMRC). Измерение методом ВАМД выполнялось с использованием модуля Easy-One Pro, MBW (ndd Medizintechnik AG, Швейцария). Результаты. Участники исследования были распределены в 2 группы: у пациентов 1-й группы (21 (60 %)) НЛВ не выявлено; у лиц, включенных во 2-ю группу (14 (40 %)), установлена НЛВ. Медиана срока проведения исследований - 72 (47-109) дня от начала COVID-19. Медиана максимального объема поражения легочной ткани в острый период заболевания по данным компьютерной томографии (КТ) (КТmах) — 50 %, на момент проведения исследований — 12%. В общей группе, а также в 1-й и 2-й группах медианы всех анализируемых показателей сохранялись в пределах нормальных значений, за исключением резонансной частоты ((fres) во 2-й группе. Выявлены статистически значимые различия между 1-й и 2-й группами по абсолютной частотной зависимости резистанса (R5-R20), площади реактанса (AX), fres. Также выявлены статистически значимые различия по патологическому изменению жизненной емкости легких и объему форсированного выдоха за 1-ю секунду (ОФВ1) (R5-R20) - во 2-й группе отмечен более высокий показатель частоты отклонений. Установлены статистически значимые корреляционные зависимости LCI с соотношением остаточного объема легких к общей емкости легких (R5-R20), АХ, fres, относительной частотной зависимостью резистанса, КТmax, ОФВ1 и DLco. Заключение. У 40 % больных, перенесших COVID-19, на 72-й день от начала заболевания выявлена НЛВ, у 23% - нарушение DLco, у 11,4 % - обструкция дыхательных путей, у 8,6 % - рестриктивный тип вентиляционных нарушений. Установлены корреляционные зависимости LCI и DLco, показателей спирометрии, бодиплетизмографии, импульсной осциллометрии, KTmax

Сахарный диабет у больных ревматоидным артритом в Республике Карелия

Objective: to estimate the incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the Republic of Karelia and to analyze the types of carbohydrate metabolism disorders.Patients and methods. The investigation enrolled 889 patients aged 18 years and older with RA treated in the Rheumatology Department, V.A. Baranov Republican Hospital (Petrozavodsk), in 2000 to 2019. Among them, there were 709 (79.8%) women and 180 (20.2%) men; the median age was 59 [52; 66] years; the median duration of RA was 6.5 [1.75; 13] years. Most patients were found to have positive rheumatoid factor (68.3%), the second and more advanced radiological stages (90.6%), and moderate and high RA disease activity (84.8%). Methotrexate as a mainstay disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug was taken by 68.2%; biological agents and glucocorticoids (GCs) were used in 4.8 and 3.3%, respectively. The incidence of DM and its types and risk factors (RFs) were analyzed.Results and discussion. DM was recorded in 67 (7.5%) RA patients (55 women and 12 men; the median age was 62 [56; 66] years). Among these patients, 9 (1.0%) patients with RA were observed to have type 1 DM, 50 (5.6%) and 8 (0.9%) patients had steroid-induced DM (SIDM), and type 2 DM, respectively. In 55.5% of cases, type 1 DM was represented by latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), which is of late onset. SIDM was detected in 75% of patients over 60 years of age who had RFs for type 2 DM. In this study, the incidence of type 2 DM in RA patients exceeded official figures in the general population of the Russian Federation, but was close to the predicted prevalence rates of type 2 DM. Patients with RA and type 2 DM had major RFs, such as age over 45 years, hypertension, overweight or obesity; moreover, 60% of patients were found to have a combination of these factors.Conclusion. RA patients showed a higher incidence rate of carbohydrate disorders of different types; the number of cases of type 1 DM and type 2 DM among the examined patients with RA exceeded that in the regional DM registries in the general population in the Republic of Karelia. It seems advisable to screen for carbohydrate disorders in patients with RA, especially in the presence of RFs for type 2 DM and during systemic therapy with GCs.Цель исследования – оценка частоты сахарного диабета (СД) у больных ревматоидным артритом (РА) в Республике Карелия и анализ типов нарушений углеводного обмена.Пациенты и методы. В исследование включено 889 пациентов с РА в возрасте 18 лет и старше, которые находились на лечении в ревматологическом отделении ГБУЗ «Республиканская больница им. В.А. Баранова» Петрозаводска с 2000 по 2019 г. Среди них было 709 (79,8%) женщин и 180 (20,2%) мужчин, медиана возраста составила 59 [52; 66] лет, медиана длительности РА – 6,5 [1,75; 13] года. У большинства пациентов были выявлены положительный ревматоидный фактор (РФ; 68,3%), II и более рентгенологическая стадия (90,6%), умеренная и высокая активность РА (84,8%). Метотрексат в качестве основного базисного противовоспалительного препарата получали 68,2%, генно-инженерные биологические препараты – 4,8%, глюкокортикоиды (ГК) – 3,3% пациентов. Анализировали частоту СД и его типов, факторы риска (ФР).Результаты и обсуждение. СД зарегистрирован у 67 (7,5%) больных РА: у 55 женщин и у 12 мужчин, медиана возраста – 62 [56; 66] года. У 9 (1,0%) больных РА наблюдался СД 1-го типа, у 8 (0,9%) – стероид-индуцированный СД (СИСД) и у 50 (5,6%) – СД 2-го типа. В 55,5% случаев СД 1-го типа был представлен латентным аутоиммунным диабетом взрослых (LADA) с поздним дебютом. СИСД в 75% наблюдений был выявлен у пациентов старше 60 лет с ФР развития СД 2-го типа. Встречаемость СД 2-го типа у больных РА в настоящем исследовании превысила официальные показатели в общей популяции Российской Федерации, но оказалась близка к прогнозируемым цифрам распространенности СД 2-го типа. У пациентов с РА и СД 2-го типа имелись такие основные ФР, как возраст старше 45 лет, артериальная гипертензия, избыточная масса тела или ожирение, кроме того, у 60% пациентов выявлено сочетание этих факторов.Заключение. Выявлена большая частота углеводных нарушений различного типа у больных РА, количество случаев СД 1-го типа и СД 2-го типа среди обследованных пациентов с РА превысило показатели региональных регистров СД в общей популяции в Республике Карелия. Представляется целесообразным проведение скрининга углеводных нарушений у больных РА, особенно при наличии ФР СД 2-го типа и системной терапии ГК

Decontamination of the Equipment from Radioactive Contamination of Water after Cavitation Treatment

В настоящем обзоре проанализированы данные о жидкостных химических способах дезактивации поверхностей с радиоактивным загрязнением. Рассмотрены составы растворов, наиболее используемые в настоящее время для дезактивации. Представлены численные данные, иллюстрирующие эффективность различных способов дезактивации. Описан опыт по дезактивации загрязненных образцов из нержавеющей стали водой после кавитационной обработки. Изложены основные результатыIn the present review are analyzed on liquid chemical methods of decontamination of surfaces with radioactive contamination. The compositions of the solutions most used at the present time for deactivation are considered. Numerical data are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of different decontamination methods. The experience of decontamination of contaminated stainless steel samples with water after cavitation treatment is described. The main results are presente

PECULIARITIES OF THE KRASNODAR REGION’S TEENAGERS’ NEUROLOGICAL STATUS

The aim of this scientific work is detecting of neurological pathology among first grade students. We examined 2507 students (1414 male and 1093 female) in the age from 16 to 18 in the process of deep medical examination. We collected neurological complains, neurostatus, analyses of medical documentation. This data was statistically handled. Therefore 80% of students had neurological pathology. The most frequent cases were vegetative-vascular dystonia, vertebrogenic pathology and essential headache. The gained data means the very high level of neurological disease among students, which shows not only importance of rehabilitation activities, but modernization of preventive activities among adolescences