Wpływ wybranych substancji roślinnych i ich chemoprewencyjne działanie w raku jajnika

A steadily growing number of studies have confirmed the beneficial effects of plant-derived substances (preparations) on the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy for ovarian cancer. A prior or parallel application of plant-derived substances and chemotherapy could be the way to strengthen the classic pharmacological treatment. Our paper presents several plant-derived substances with proven antiproliferative activities, in which phenolic and flavonoid bioactive compounds dominate, with particular emphasis on ovarian cancer cells. We are of the opinion that our paper will contribute to better understanding of the molecular basis for the positive interaction effect of concomitant application of the abovementioned plant substances with certain cytostatics. Also, this work may increase the number of preclinical in vivo experiments using these and other phenolic, flavonoid-rich plant substances to better understand their efficacy and safety and, in the future, to initiate clinical trials in this field.Znaczna liczba doniesień potwierdza korzystny wpływ preparatów pochodzenia roślinnego na efektywność farmakoterapii raka jajnika. Obiecujące wydaje się być stosowanie preparatów roślinnych przed rozpoczęciem chemioterapii lub jako leczenie jednoczasowe. W poniższym opracowaniu przedstawiono kilka substancji pochodzenia roślinnego o udowodnionej aktywności antyproliferacyjnej ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem ich działania na komórki raka jajnika. Prezentowana praca pozwoli na lepsze zrozumienie molekularnych podstaw interakcji pomiędzy substancjami pochodzenia roślinnego a wybranymi cytostatykami. Ponadto może przyczynić do wzrostu liczby przedklinicznych badań in vivo dotyczących powyższych preparatów, co będzie skutkowało poznaniem wydajności i bezpieczeństwa substancji pochodzenia roślinnego w terapii onkologicznej

Implikacje leczenia farmakologicznego u kobiet w wieku rozrodczym i po menopauzie

Women have three very important physiological functions that are not observed in men – menstruation, pregnancy, and lactation. Each of these mechanisms influences pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of many drugs. Individualization of pharmacotherapy is a major challenge of modern medicine. The differences in response to drug are responsible for the effectiveness of pharmacological treatment and the occurrence and severity of toxic effects and side effects. Therapeutic decision should be based not only on account of the dose-effect, but the consideration of gender, genetic and environmental differences affecting the final therapeutic effect. Many important differences between men and women like sex-based differences in normal physiology, or in the predisposition to a specific disease, can be due to genetic differences, the actions of the sex steroid hormones or an interaction between these factors. Women generally have a lower body mass, a reduced hepatic clearance, differences in activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes (increase in CYP3A4, decrease in CYP2D6, CYP2C19 and CYP1A2) and different from men’s rate of drug metabolism. Other important factors contributing to gender differences in the pharmacokinetics of drugs are conjugation, absorption, protein binding and urinary excretion. It still remains unexplained how gender differences affect the increased risk of side effects. This review is an attempt to assess the biological, physiological and hormonal basis of women differences in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of many drugs.Kobiety charakteryzują trzy niezwykle istotne z punktu widzenia farmakologii procesy fizjologiczne, które nie występują u mężczyzn - menstruacja, ciąża i laktacja. Każdy z tych procesów w znaczący sposób wpływa na farmakokinetykę i farmakodynamikę wielu leków. Indywidualizacja farmakoterapii, również z uwzględnieniem płci, stanowi poważne wyzwanie współczesnej medycyny. Różnice w odpowiedzi farmakologicznej odpowiadają za skuteczność leczenia oraz występowanie i nasilenie efektów toksycznych i niepożądanych. Decyzja terapeutyczna powinna opierać się nie tylko na uwzględnieniu zależności dawka-efekt, ale na rozważeniu różnic płciowych, genetycznych i środowiskowych, wpływających na końcowy efekt terapeutyczny. Szczególnie istotne wydają się różnice płciowe w farmakokinetyce leków wynikające z odmiennej fizjologii, predyspozycji do występowania chorób, uwarunkowań genetycznych czy gospodarki hormonalnej oraz wzajemnych oddziaływań pomiędzy tymi czynnikami. Kobiety charakteryzują się mniejszą masą ciała, obniżonym klirensem wątrobowym i różnicami w aktywności cytochromu P450 (CYP) (wzrost aktywności CYP3A4, obniżenie aktywności CYP2D6, CYP2C19 i CYP1A2) oraz odmienną od mężczyzn szybkością metabolizmu leków. Innymi ważnymi czynnikami wpływającymi na różnice płciowe w farmakokinetyce leków są koniugacja, wchłanianie, wiązanie z białkami i wydalanie z moczem. Nadal pozostaje niewyjaśnione w jaki sposób różnice płciowe wpływają na zwiększone ryzyko wystąpienia działań niepożądanych. Niniejsza praca stanowi przegląd biologicznych, fizjologicznych i hormonalnych podstaw występowania różnic płciowych w organizmie kobiety, które wpływają na farmakokinetykę i farmakodynamikę leków

Physical activity in healthy, older people. How many drops of sweat away from gain the health benefit?

Kujawska Agnieszka, Perkowski Radosław, Androsiuk-Perkowska Joanna, Skierkowska Natalia, Gajos Małgorzata, Topka Weronika, Kujawski Sławomir, Kędziora-Kornatowska Kornelia. Physical activity in healthy, older people. How many drops of sweat away from gain the health benefit?. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2017;7(7):412-422. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.833881 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4640 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26.01.2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2017; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 01.07.2017. Revised: 02.07.2017. Accepted: 23.07.2017. Physical activity in healthy, older people. How many drops of sweat away from gain the health benefit? Agnieszka Kujawska1, Radosław Perkowski1, Joanna Androsiuk-Perkowska1, Natalia Skierkowska1, Małgorzata Gajos1, Weronika Topka1, Sławomir Kujawski2, Kornelia Kędziora-Kornatowska1 1. Faculty of Health Sciences, Department and Clinic of Geriatrics, Nicolaus Copernicus University 2. Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Division of Ergonomics and Exercise Physiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University Abstract Introduction: Aging process leads to increased risk of functional impairments and diseases occurrence. Sedentary lifestyle is one of the main risk factors the occurrence of chronic disease such a diabetes and cardiovascular disease. On the other hand, results of many studies showed that regular physical activity (PA) and physical exercise (PE) could decrease the risk of these hazards. Last decades were fruitful in developing evidence-based recommendations for physical activity and exercise in older people, therefore it is worth to examine dynamics of development and the similarities between different recommendations. Material and methods: Articles in the EBSCO database have been analyzed using keywords: older people, physical exercise, physical activity, recommendations, aerobic training, resistance training. Results: Studies showed that people who were more active during lifetime, have greater self-efficacy, better physical and mental health status and in general higher satisfaction on the autumn of their life. Every analyzed recommendation underlies the negative consequences of sedentary activity, however, there is no evidence-based “cut-off” point. Similarly, there is not clear optimal “dose” of PA or PE to prescribe for older patients. Conclusions: It seems that undertaking light level of PA activity is more beneficial than none PA or sedentary lifestyle. The newest recommendations underlie the possibility of the existence of positive linear relationship between the level of PA and health benefits: every additional amount of time spent on PA during week could be related with additional health benefit Key words: Older people, physical exercise, physical activity, recommendations, aerobic exercise training, resistance exercise trainin

Nowoczesna diagnostyka osteoporozy w oparciu o wykorzystanie biochemicznych markerów obrotu kostnego

Osteoporosis is a disease with low bone mass and disorganization of the internal microarchitecture of bone tissue. Determination of biochemical markers allows for early diagnosis of changes in bone tissue metabolism. The search for a marker whose biological function could be directly connected with bone metabolism, clearly indicating a connection between its concentration and risk fracture as well as response to treatment, continues. Currently, measurement of collagen-derived markers of bone resorption is used in the majority of cases. They are, first of all, telopeptides of collagen type I localized on the amino end - N-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (NTX), as well as on the carboxy end - C-telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX) of collagen molecule. Among markers of bone synthesis, special attention is paid to the procollagen type 1 carboxy-terminal propeptide (P1CP) and procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP). Simultaneous application of bone synthesis and resorption markers allows for a full imaging of the bone remodeling process and application of biochemical markers in the diagnosis and therapy of osteoporosis.Osteoporoza jest chorobą charakteryzującą się małą masą kostną oraz dezorganizacją wewnętrznej mikroarchitektury tkanki kostnej. Oznaczanie markerów biochemicznych umożliwia wczesne zdiagnozowanie zmian w metabolizmie tkanki kostnej. Wciąż poszukuje się markera, którego biologiczną funkcję można powiązać bezpośrednio z metabolizmem kostnym, jednoznacznie wskazując na związek pomiędzy jego stężeniem a ryzykiem złamań oraz odpowiedzią na stosowane leczenie. Obecnie główne zastosowanie znajduje pomiar kolagenopochodnych markerów resorpcji kości. Są to przede wszystkim telopeptydy kolagenu typu I mające postać heliakalnych, usieciowanych fragmentów zlokalizowanych zarówno na końcu aminowym (NTX), jak i karboksylowym (CTX) cząsteczki kolagenu. Wśród markerów syntezy kości na szczególną uwagę zasługują natomiast kolagenopochodne markery kościotworzenia C-końcowy propeptyd prokolagenu typu I (P1CP) i N-końcowy propeptyd prokolagenu typu I (P1NP). Jednoczesne zastosowanie markerów syntezy i resorpcji kości pozwoli na pełne zobrazowanie przeciwstawnych procesów remodelingu kostnego oraz na szerokie wykorzystanie markerów biochemicznych w diagnostyce i terapii osteoporozy

Effect of Epilobium angustifolium and Serenoa repens extracts on regulation of non-genomic signaling pathway of kinases

Objectives: Changes of kinase activity of non-genomic cellular signaling pathway may influence the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy in case of hormone-dependent tumors. Our study investigated a possible interaction at the molecular level between an aqueous herbal extract of Epilobium angustifolium as well as a lipid-sterolic fruit extract of Serenoa repens and synthetic drugs used in the treatment of hormone-dependent cancers. Material and methods: E. angustifolium and Serenoa repens extracts were orally administered to testosteroneinduced rats for 21 days. Changes of RafA/Mapk3/Mapk1 mRNA levels were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR using target specific primers. Results: The level of RafA mRNA slightly increased in rats receiving Epilobium angustifolium (p=0.076) and Serenoa repens (p=0.016) extracts. Administration of these extracts resulted in significantly elevated Mapk1 and Mapk3 transcripts in the investigated animals (

Association between ACTN3 gene polymorphism and muscle strength in older adults

The decrease of muscle strength and general physical fitness is a big problem in the elderly group. It often prevents the proper functioning of a person, which makes him/her dependent on caretakers. It is believed that the some polymorphisms in ACTN3 geneare associated with better results in strength sports. If those polymorphisms affect muscle strength, they may also be related to the health condition of older people. Our study was conducted on a group of 60 people over 60 years of age. The relationship between overall fitness and muscular strength of elderly patients with ACTN R577X gene polymorphism was checked. The ACTN3 gene was tested by PCR-RFLP. Overall fitness was tested using the IPAQ questionnaire and fitness tests: Tinetti, DGI, Up&Go, SPPB, standing on one leg (both right and left). Based on the results of the survey, the MET and BMI coefficients were determined. It was found that the RX genotype is associated with better results achieved in the SPPB test. Genotype XX was associated with worse results in the right leg standing test (p<0.05). The R-allele of the ACTN3 gene wasassociated with better results obtained during the standing test on the right leg (p<0.05).Based on obtained results it was impossible to determine a clear impact of the ACTN3 gene on muscle strength and health of the older adults

Results of Fullerton Test in older people. Group comparison due to the Nordic Walking and long walks undertaking

Introduction: Standardly, high level of physical activity is prescribed to the older patients. However, it is worth to examine if every kind of physical activity give the same amount of health benefits, or is it dependent on its modality.Aim: The purpose of above studies is to measure the differences in Fullerton subtests results in group who does vs in group who does not undertake regular long walks (LW) and Nordic Walking (NW).Material and methods: Subtests of Fullerton tests were used to examine the physical performance of patients. Physical activity questionnaire was used to distinguish groups of patients who do vs do not engage in long walks and Nordic Walking regularly.Results: There were no statistically significant differences in Fullerton scores due to NW-engagement. In contrary, group engaged in LW walked 42.41 meters more in 6-minute walk tests than group who do not undertake such activity. Moreover, Upper Right and Left Limbs Strength tests and its mean scores were better in LW-group by 4.23, 4.6 and 4.09 repetitions, respectively.Conclusions: There was no statistically significant differences in results of Fullerton subtests between group of NW-engaged older people comparing to group who do not undertake NW. Group of participants engaged in long walks had better scores aerobic capacity and upper limbs strength tests

Influence of standardized extract of Epilobium angustifolium on estrogen receptor α and β expression in in vivo model

Abstract Objective: Evaluation of the influence of the standardized extract from the herb of Epilobium angustifolium on ERα and ERβ mRNA expression in rat ventral prostate tissue and free serum estradiol level. Materials and methods: Rats were divided into 6 groups with 10 animals. ERα and ERβ mRNA expression in rat ventral prostate tissue level was performed using real-time PCR method in Light Cycler system. Serum-free estradiol was evaluated using immunoenzymatic technique. Results: In our experimental model there was an increase of ERα mRNA level by 9% and decrease by 36% of ERβ mRNA level in ventral prostate tissue in rats administrated with testosterone and E. angustifolium extract, in comparison with testosterone alone administrated animals. Conclusions: E. angustifolium standardized extract influenced the expression of estrogen receptor α and β mRNAs in differential manner which may suggest its potentially therapeutic properties or causing of adverse effects in pharmacotherapy of estrogen-related disorders. More complex studies should be undertaken to evaluate safety and to improve the efficacy of using this herbal extract

Cardiac Rehabilitation in Heart Failure. Part I, Mechanism

Introduction Diagnosis and treatment issues among heart failure (HF) patients are becoming one of the most important points in public health of developed countries, largely due to the aging of population and the fact that HF affects mainly the elderly. In this review we would like to focus on pathophysiology of exercise intolerance in patients with heart failure and potential benefits of cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Material and Methods Analysis of articles in the EBSCO database using keywords: heart failure, cardiac rehabilitation, exercise training, pathophysiology. Results HF can be described as a composite syndrome which results from structural or functional impairment of ventricular filling or blood ejection. Patients have variety of symptoms which usually are nonspecific. The most frequently occurring symptoms of HF are dyspnea and fatigue, which may restrict exercise capacity, and fluid retention. There are many possible pathophysiological factors involved in the development of exercise intolerance. Based on the available literature pathological changes in central hemodynamic function, pulmonary system, skeletal muscles, endothelial function and neurohumoral system can be distinguished. They play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of HF symptoms and represent a potential curative object. Conclusions HF patients are characterized by diminished functional performance. Exercise training has many potential profits in patients with heart failure, including an increase in peak oxygen uptake, improvement in central hemodynamics, peripheral vascular and skeletal muscle function and has become part of evidence-based clinical therapy in these patients

Cognitive Functioning in Older People. Results of the First Wave of Cognition of Older People, Education, Recreational Activities, Nutrition, Comorbidities, Functional Capacity Studies (COPERNICUS)

Background: Cognitive reserve is a way of explaining why some individuals with a high degree of brain pathology are without clinical manifestations. In this study, factors related to systemic diseases, body composition, aerobic capacity, past and current behavior were examined and included as predictors of cognitive function.Materials and Methods: 407 subjects (60–88 years old) underwent physical examination and cognitive function assessment [Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Trail Making Test Part B (TMT B)]. Predictors of cognitive functioning were evaluated: occupational status (OS), diet, mental and touristic activities were assessed using an ad hoc questionnaire. Aerobic capacity was measured using a six-minute walk test (6MWT).Results: With each year of age there is a decrease in MMSE score by 0.18 points. Varicose veins on lower extremities and low OS were also significantly associated with MMSE result. For every year of having hypertension, low OS and not being abroad in the last 3 years, there was 0.17, 0.30, and 0.16 less points, respectively, and 0.15 more point per one additional meter walked in 6MWT in the MoCA score. With each year of age and for low OS there was there were 0.31 and 0.21 s more to complete TMT B, respectively.Conclusion: Education, OS, presence of systemic diseases and social and tourist activities, aerobic capacity and body composition could be considered as factors contributing to cognitive functioning in older people. However, the relationship of above mentioned factors with education level and cognitive function may be not fully orthogonal