10 research outputs found
Artificial intelligence algorithm for the histopathological diagnosis of skin cancer
Introduction: Cutaneous neoplasms are the most common cancers in the world, and have high morbidity rates. A definitive diagnosis can only be obtained after histopathological evaluation of the lesions. Objective: To develop an artificial intelligence program to establish the histopathological diagnosis of cutaneous lesions. Methodology: A deep learning program was built using three neural network architectures: MobileNet, Inception and convolutional networks. A database was constructed using 2732 images of melanomas, basal and squamous cell carcinomas, and normal skin. The validation set consisted of 284 images from all 4 categories, allowing for the calculation of sensitivity and specificity. All images were provided by the Path Presenter website. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of the MobileNet model were 92% (95%CI, 83-100%) and 97% (95%CI, 90-100%), respectively; corresponding figures for the Inception model were 98.3% (95%CI, 86-100%) and 98.8% (95%CI, 98.2-100%); lastly, the sensitivity and specificity of the convolutional network model were 91.6% (95%CI, 73.8-100%) and 95.7% (95%CI, 94.4-97.2%). The maximum sensitivity for the differentiation of malignant conditions was 91%, and specificity was 95.4%. Conclusion: The program developed in the present study can efficiently distinguish between the main types of skin cancer with high sensitivity and specificity
Hepatic arterial pattern and celiac trunk not described in literature
Knowledge of the hepatic arterial anatomy and celiac trunk is gaining importance, since the use of minimally invasive surgeries is more frequent nowadays. This kind of procedure meant that surgeons had less room for visualization of anatomical variants and work. In addition, failure to recognize the correct anatomy of the hepatic vascularization in a transplant procedure can lead to organ failure and death. The present case aims to demonstrate an arterial hepatic celiac trunk pattern that was never described by any of the acknowledged classification systems. This pattern is challenging for the surgical management of possible upper abdominal interventions, since non-recognition may lead to iatrogenesis.Keywords: Hepatic artery; mesenteric artery; superior; celiac artery; anatom
Gastric metastases of a malignant melanoma
Malignant melanoma accounts for around 5% of all malignant skin tumors. It is considered one of the most aggressive neoplasms due to its high metastasizing capacity. The most common sites of metastasis are peri-tumor lymph nodes, lung, brain and liver. The digestive tract is not a common site of metastasis. When involved, the small intestine is the organ most commonly affected. The stomach is a rare site of metastasis, found in only 7% percent of the cases. We report a case of a 72-year-old patient with a history of malignant melanoma who presented with acute epigastric pain. Enterotomography, upper endoscopy and additional biopsies confirmed the diagnosis of gastric metastases.Keywords: Melanocytic cell tumor; malignant melanoma; gastric metastases; digestive trac
Reported mortality for colorectal cancer in Brazil in the first 16 years of the 21st century
Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignant neoplasm with major impact on health today. There is, however, an efficient method for prevention and screening, which varies in different protocols according to each institution or country. Objective: To evaluate the mortality rate and the economic cost of CRC in Brazil during the first 16 years of the 21st century. Method: A retrospective, temporal aggregation study was conducted with an exploratory, documentary quantitative approach on CRC mortality from 2000 to 2016, based on the Mortality Information System database provided by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Results: In the study period, 218,000 deaths due to CRC were recorded. The CRC mortality rate was 6.2 (95% confidence interval, 5.59-6.81) per 100,000 population, with no significant difference between men and women. Of the 17 age subgroups analyzed, eight had a significant increase from 2000 to 2016, including all subgroups aged over 50 years. Conclusion: There was an increase in mortality due to CRC in the study period. Keywords: Mortality; colorectal cancer; Brazi
Epidemiological profile of esophageal cancer mortality in Rio Grande do Sul and its health Regions
Introduction: Malignant esophageal neoplasia is a rare tumor, but it has high morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and intensive treatment associated with surgical approach remains the best treatment for the disease. Its epidemiology is extremely diverse in the world, even in the same country.Methodology: This was a retrospective analysis made from 2000-2015, analyzing the mortality rates of malignant esophageal neoplasia in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) in its 30 Health Regions and in Brazil. The mortality data were collected in the Mortality Information System (SIM) and the population data in the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE).Results: The esophageal cancer mortality rate was 8.61 (95% CI, 8.49-8.73) per 100,000 inhabitants in RS, while the national rate was 3.66 (95% CI, 3, 49- 3.82), with a significant difference (p <0.0001). The regional distribution was variable, and the West Border region presented the highest rate, 12.91 (95% CI, 12.05-13.77). However, even regions with lower mortality presented twice as much deaths than the national rate. Mortality increased with aging, with the oldest age groups (≥80 years) presenting 69.62 (95% CI, 64.9-74) deaths per 100,000 inhabitants. Conclusion: Esophageal neoplasia is still a very serious condition in the state of RS, being associated with an almost 3-fold higher mortality rate compared to the national rate. Even within the state different epidemiological patterns are found.Keywords: Esophageal cancer; epidemiology; mortalit
Desenvolvimento de sistema estruturado com inteligĂŞncia artificial para apoio no diagnĂłstico de patologias oftalmolĂłgicas mais relevantes
ÂÂIntrodução: A inteligĂŞncia artificial (IA) está revolucionando a área da saĂşde. Na oftalmologia, esta tecnologia pode possibilitar diagnĂłsticos mais rápidos e precisos, impedindo a progressĂŁo das alterações na visĂŁo. MĂ©dicos e algoritimosalgoritmos podem ser mais eficientes quando trabalham juntos. Desenvolver um software de IA com alta especificidade e sensibilidade para apoio no diagnĂłstico de algumas patologias oftalmolĂłgicas. MĂ©todos: O software de deep learning foi construĂdo atravĂ©s de redes neurais valendo de duas bases computacionais MobileNet e Inception. Para o treinamento do banco de dados foram utilizadas 2.520 imagens de glaucoma, retinopatia diabĂ©tica, toxoplasmose ocular, papiledema, descolamento de retina e retina normal. Para a validação foi utilizado 428 imagens patolĂłgicas e normais para os cálculos de sensibilidade e de especificidade. Todas as imagens foram cedidas da Sociedade Americana de Especialistas da Retina. Resultados: Os resultados de sensibilidade e especificidade foram no MobileNet de 91% (IC 95%, 89-92%) e 98,5% (IC 95%, 98-99%); no Inception, de 91,4% (IC 95%, 89-93,5%) de 98,4% (IC 95%, 98-98,8%), respectivamente. NĂŁo houve diferença significativa entre os dois mĂ©todos utilizados. ConclusĂŁo: O software apresentou resultados promissores na distinção das condições oftalmolĂłgicas pesquisadas
Epidemiological profile of viral hepatitis in Rio Grande do Sul and its Health Macro-Regions
Introduction: Viral hepatitis comprises a group of viruses characterized by high global prevalence and hepatic tropism. Its epidemiology is extremely variable throughout the world, and South America is an endemic place. A better understanding of the regional reality is fundamental for proposing new public health measures. Methods: We conducted an aggregate temporal study of the Viral Hepatitis Database of the Ministry of Health of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), with an epidemiological profile of the reactive results of HBsAg and Anti-HCV tests, together with data on mortality from acute Hepatitis B and chronic viral hepatitis from the respective Health Macro-Regions from 2007 to 2015. Results: The incidence of new cases of hepatitis B in RS during the analyzed period was 11 (95% CI, 9.7-12.1) cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Meanwhile, the Northern region of the state, represented by the municipality of Passo Fundo, had 32.7 (95% CI, 28.3-37) and 22.8 (95% CI, 19.5-26) new cases of hepatitis B per 100,000 inhabitants for men and women, respectively. The incidence of new cases of hepatitis C in the State of Rio Grande do Sul was 29.2 (95% CI, 24.5-34.9 in 100,000 inhabitants).Conclusion: Viral hepatitis remains an important pathology in the context of Rio Grande do Sul and its Macro-Regions.Keywords: Hepatitis; epidemiology; mortalit
Variação anatĂ´mica do tronco celĂaco e do sistema arterial hepático: Uma análise por exames de imagem
Introdução: As variações anatĂ´micas das artĂ©rias hepáticas e do tronco celĂaco sĂŁo de grande importância para cirurgias laparoscĂłpicas, transplantes hepáticos, intervenções radiolĂłgicas e tratamento de lesões abdominais. O grande aumento de intervenções minimamente invasivas deixou os atos cirĂşrgicos com menos espaço para o reconhecimento de estruturas anatĂ´micas. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo do banco de dados do Hospital SĂŁo Vicente de Paulo durante o ano de 2016, analisando imagens abdominais de tomografia computadorizada com contraste e angiotomografias que envolvem a aorta abdominal e seus ramos - um total de 461 imagens foram analisadas. Resultados: Dos 461 pacientes analisados, 86,9% apresentaram a conformação usual do tronco celĂaco - cuja anatĂ´mica Ă© a origem trĂplice com as artĂ©rias gástrica esquerda, esplĂŞnica e hepática comum e artĂ©ria mesentĂ©rica superior se originando sozinha da aorta abdominal. Dentre as anatomias anĂ´malas (13%), o padrĂŁo mais comum desses ramos foi a presença em 4,5% de um tronco hepatomesentĂ©rico e um tronco gastroesplĂŞnico. No sistema arterial hepático a conformação mais prevalente foram as artĂ©rias hepáticas direita e esquerda sendo ramos da hepática prĂłprias em 66,3%. Das alterações anatĂ´micas (33,2%), as mais comuns foram a presença de uma artĂ©ria hepática esquerda acessĂłria ramo da artĂ©ria gástrica esquerda (7,8%). ConclusĂŁo: Variações anatĂ´micas do sistema arterial hepático e do tronco celĂaco sĂŁo prevalentes, podendo apresentar diversos arranjos organizacionais. Palavras-chave: ArtĂ©ria celĂaca; artĂ©ria mesentĂ©rica superior; artĂ©ria hepática; variação anatĂ´mic
Ecological study of viral hepatitis in Brazil: A geographical and temporal analysis
Introduction: Viral hepatitis is a group of diseases that present high hepatotropism and are related to liver dysfunctions, having either an acute or a chronic course. Their worldwide epidemiology is diverse, with several endemic places, such as South America. The objective of this study was to analyze the epidemiology of viral hepatitis in Brazil, in order to better understand its pattern of distribution and evolution.Method: A temporal aggregation study was conducted using the Viral Hepatitis Database of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The serological markers used were HBsAg and anti-HCV for hepatitis B and C, respectively. Mortality data were collected from the Mortality Information System for deaths attributed to viral hepatitis. The period analyzed was from 2007 to 2016/17.Results: The incidence was 7.88 (95% CI, 7.30-8.45) for hepatitis B and 11.9 (95% CI, 11.15-12.65) for hepatitis C. Mortality attributed to viral hepatitis was 1.61 (95% CI, 1.35-1.87) deaths per 100,000 people. An analysis of municipal distribution data showed several endemic areas. The Brazilian regions most affected by hepatitis B virus were the northern and southern borders, Santa Catarina coast and EspĂrito Santo state, while hepatitis C virus was mostly present in metropolitan areas such as Porto Alegre and SĂŁo Paulo.Conclusion: Viral hepatitis has a diverse geographic distribution in the Brazilian territory, with highly endemic areas. The distribution differs between hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses.Keywords: Hepatitis; epidemiology; mortality; Brazi
Reported mortality for colorectal cancer in Brazil in the first 16 years of the 21st century
Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignant neoplasm with major impact on health today. There is, however, an efficient method for prevention and screening, which varies in different protocols according to each institution or country. Objective: To evaluate the mortality rate and the economic cost of CRC in Brazil during the first 16 years of the 21st century. Method: A retrospective, temporal aggregation study was conducted with an exploratory, documentary quantitative approach on CRC mortality from 2000 to 2016, based on the Mortality Information System database provided by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Results: In the study period, 218,000 deaths due to CRC were recorded. The CRC mortality rate was 6.2 (95% confidence interval, 5.59-6.81) per 100,000 population, with no significant difference between men and women. Of the 17 age subgroups analyzed, eight had a significant increase from 2000 to 2016, including all subgroups aged over 50 years. Conclusion: There was an increase in mortality due to CRC in the study period. Keywords: Mortality; colorectal cancer; Brazi