6 research outputs found
Diversité des champignons saprotrophes et ectomycorhiziens du campus universitaire de Lomé au Togo
Macromycetes found on woody substrate (saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal) of the university campus of Lomé in Togo are identified according to transect-plot method. A diversity of thirty-three (33) taxa of macroscopic fungi are identified up to genus level (sixteen taxa) and up to species level for seventeen taxa (17). Identified taxa included two (2) ectomycorrhizal species (Phlebopus sudanicus and Pisolithus tinctorius) and thirty-one (31) saprotrophs. The 32 taxa belong to the subdivision of Basidiomycotina. Ganoderma genus are represented by four species belonging to the family Ganodermataceae, which colonizes the greatest number of exotic wood substrates species (17) and local species (5). Azadirachta indica is the most colonized substrate by ten species of Macromycetes, followed by Delonix regia and Senna siamea colonized by nine and seven species respectively. According to the inventoried taxa, four species (Volvariella volvacea, Psathyrella tuberculata, Macrocybe lobayensis, Leucocoprinus cretatus) are edible mushroom and three (Ganoderma lucidum, G. colossus, Daldinia eschlosii) are therapeutic mushrooms. The subdivision of Ascomycotina is represented by only one species, Daldinia eschscholzii, of the order of Xylariales. Twenty-two (22) taxa of tree species representing woody host substrates of macromycetes are identified including eighteen Angiosperms (sixteen dicotyledons, two monocotyledons) and two gymnosperms (Cycas circinalis (Cycadophyte) and Pinus caribea (Coniferophyte)). The knowledge of macromycetes in this area subjected to a perpetual anthropic pressure for the establishment of infrastructures is therefore necessary, which will make it possible to have data on the diversity of this biological heritage before their eventual disappearance.
Keywords: Diversity, Macromycetes, woody substrates, university campus, LomĂ©, TogoLes MacromycĂštes infĂ©odĂ©s au substrat ligneux (saprotrophes et ectomycorhiziens) du campus universitaire de LomĂ© au Togo ont Ă©tĂ© inventoriĂ©s suivant la mĂ©thode des transects et des placeaux. Une diversitĂ© de trente et trois (33) taxons de champignons macroscopiques est identifiĂ© dont seize (16) jusquâau niveau genre et dix-sept (17) jusquâau niveau espĂšce. On y dĂ©nombre deux (2) espĂšces ectomycorhiziennes (Phlebopus sudanicus et Pisolithus tinctorius) et trente et un (31) saprotrophes. Les 32 taxons appartiennent Ă sous-division des Basidiomycotina. La famille des Ganodermataceae, reprĂ©sentĂ©e par quatre espĂšces de Ganoderma, colonise le plus grand nombre de substrats ligneux dâessences exotiques (17 espĂšces) et locales (5 espĂšces). Azadirachta indica est le substrat le plus colonisĂ© par dix espĂšces de MacromycĂštes, suivi de Delonix regia et Senna siamea colonisĂ©s respectivement par neuf et sept espĂšces. Parmi les taxas inventoriĂ©s, quatre espĂšces (Volvariella volvacea, Psathyrella tuberculata, Macrocybe lobayensis, Leucocoprinus cretatus) sont comestibles et trois (Ganoderma lucidum, G. colossus, Daldinia eschlosii) sont thĂ©rapeutiques. La sous-division des Ascomycotina est reprĂ©sentĂ©e une seule espĂšce, Daldinia eschscholzii, de lâordre des Xylariales. Vingt-deux (22) taxons dâespĂšces dâarbre qui reprĂ©sentent les substrats ligneux hĂŽtes des macromycĂštes sont identifiĂ©s dont dix-huit Angiospermes (seize dicotylĂ©dones, deux monocotylĂ©dones) et deux gymnospermes (Cycas circinalis (Cycadophyte) et Pinus caribea (ConifĂ©rophyte)). La connaissance des macromycĂštes sur cet espace soumis Ă une perpĂ©tuelle pression anthropique pour la mise en place des infrastructures est donc nĂ©cessaire, ce qui permettra de disposer des donnĂ©es sur la diversitĂ© de ce patrimoine biologique avant leur disparition Ă©ventuelle.
Mots clés: Diversité, MacromycÚtes, substrats ligneux, campus universitaire, Lomé, Togo
Les champignons ectomycorrhiziens consommés par les Bassar et les KabyÚ, peuples riverains du Parc National Fazao-Malfakassa (PNFM) au Togo (Afrique de l'Ouest)
The wild edible mushrooms are often used by people who live around the PNFM of Togo. To know better the ecto-mycorrhizal taxa used and to document the endogenous knowledge, surveys on ethno-mycological knowledge were conducted in the city of Bassar from the ethnic group of Bassar and in the village of HezoudĂš from KabyĂš ethnic group. During this study, based on semi-structural ethno-mycological survey, 432 people aged 10 to 80 years from the KabyĂš and Bassar areas are interviewed via focus group and/or individual interviews. After ethno-mycological investigations, 23 taxa are known as edible. The ethno-mycological indices such as Use Value (UV), Index of Fisher (p) and Index of Importance Value (IVI) are calculated to test the knowledge on the different use of mushrooms by the two ethnic groups. The study revealed that there is no significant difference regarding the number of consumed taxa for each ethnic group and the levels of their traditional knowledge. The study also showed that the traditional ethno-mycological knowledge of the population varies according to age, the ethnical group and sex. The elders are proven to be the holders of the best mycological knowledge. The most ecto-mycorrhizal mushrooms consumed are Amanita loosii, Russula oleifera and Cantharellus congolensis. These preliminary data indicate that the ecto-mycorrhizal mushrooms and their uses are well known by the people who live around the PNFM.
Keywords: Edible ecto-mycorrhizal mushrooms, exploitation, ethnic groups, National Park Fazao-Malfakassa, Togo.Les champignons sauvages sont trĂšs prisĂ©s par les populations riveraines du PNFM du Togo. Pour mieux connaĂźtre les taxa ecto-mycorrhiziens consommĂ©s et documenter les connaissances endogĂšnes, une Ă©tude rĂ©alisĂ©e sur les connaissances ethno-mycologiques traditionnelles dans la ville de Bassar auprĂšs des peuples Bassar et dans le village de HezoudĂš auprĂšs des peuples KabyĂš a Ă©tĂ© couplĂ©e Ă des observations de terrain. Les enquĂȘtes ethno-mycologiques semi-structurĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es sur 432 personnes dâĂąge compris entre 10 ans et 80 ans. Vingt trois (23) taxa sont connus comme Ă©tant comestibles. Les indices ethno-mycologiques tels que la valeur dâusage (VU), lâindice de diversitĂ© de Fisher (p), lâindice de valeur dâimportance (IVI) ont Ă©tĂ© calculĂ©s pour tester les connaissances sur les diffĂ©rents usages des champignons. LâĂ©tude a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© quâil nâexiste pas de diffĂ©rence significative en ce qui concerne les niveaux de connaissances traditionnelles par chaque groupe ethnique et le nombre de taxa consommĂ©s. LâĂ©tude a montrĂ© que les connaissances mycologiques traditionnelles de ces populations varient en fonction de lâĂąge, de lâethnie et du sexe. Les champignons ecto-mycorrhiziens les plus consommĂ©s sont Amanita loosii, Russula oleifera et Cantharellus congolensis. Ces donnĂ©es prĂ©liminaires ont montrĂ© que les champignons ecto-mycorrhiziens sont bien connus des populations riveraines du PNFM.
Mots clés: Champignons ecto-mycorrhiziens comestibles, exploitation, groupes ethniques, Parc National Fazao-Malfakassa, Togo
EnquĂȘte Ethnobotanique Sur La Prise En Charge Traditionnelle De LâinfertilitĂ© FĂ©minine Dans La RĂ©gion Sanitaire Des Savanes Au Togo
Introduction: The management of female infertility by the conventional medicine is very expensive and its coast is unavailable for the very poor populations. In Africa, an important recourses of medicinal plants are available for health care. Objective: The present study was led to recorder traditional remedies use to treat female infertility in the Sanitary Savannas Region of Togo. Methodology: For data collection, semi interview was used. Data were processed and analysed using ethnobotanical quantitative index. The Selection by Progressive Elimination (SPE) was essentially used for the choice of species. Results: With 51 practitioners interviewed, 79 recipes constituted by 87 species belonging to 48 botanical families were collected. Combretaceae (12,64 %) and Rubiaceae (5,7 %) were the most frequent families. Trees (36,78 %) and shrubs (27,58%) were the main ports. Roots (29,17 %) and leaves (27,5 %) were the most used parts. Recipes were prepared frequently by decoction (51,88 %) and powder (38,12%), and were principally taken orally (47,28 %) and by body bath (43,48 %). Sexually transmitted infections (STI) (143 citations) and Painful menstruations (PM) (108 citations) were the most frequent pathologies. The highest Informants consensus factors were 0,61 and 0,56 respectively for STI and PM. The most important Fidelity degrees was 25,49 % for STI related to Capsicum frutescens and Piper guineense. Related to Aframomum melegueta, Piper guineense and Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides the Fidelity degree was 19,61% for PM and STI. Blighia sapida, Ganoderma colossus, Kigelia africana and Mangifera indica were selected. Conclusion: Plants with highest fidelity degree and those selected by SPE will be subjected to laboratory tests
Typologie, caractéristiques structurales et dynamique des faciÚs forestiers fragiles à Isoberlinia spp. en vue de leur gestion au Togo
The open Isoberlinia spp. woodlands found on slopes and valley floors in Togo's Sudanian region are subject to various pressures including clearance for crop-fields, cutting for timber or fuelwood and gathering of non-timber forest products. The resulting degradation is worsening poverty among the local people who depend on these forests. To support their sustainable management for the benefit of these local populations, the impacts of human pressures on the forest structure first need to be analysed. The forest inventories conducted covered 4 783 trees in 225 study plots. More than one hundred woody species were listed, belonging to 79 genera and 32 families. The most frequent were Isoberlinia doka, Pterocarpus erinaceus, Lannea acida, Isoberlinia tomentosa, Vitellaria paradoxa, Daniellia oliveri and Parkia biglobosa. The surveys identified four main parameters determining ecological gradients: moisture, topography, soil substrate and human influence. Nine woodland fades were identified: four open woodland types, three tree savannah types and two in fallow areas. Three structural components were determined by analysing tree diameter structure for the nine facies. Finally, relatively undisturbed natural forest areas with stable and continuously regenerating flora and regular forest structure were easily distinguished from degraded forest areas characterised by a lack of large trees and low regeneration potential. The human pressures exerted on these fragile woodland areas clearly suggest replanting in the degraded areas, using low-cost multiplication techniques, although raising awareness among the neighbouring populations about the need for conservation remains essential to ensure participatory management.Les forĂȘts claires Ă Isoberlinia spp. du domaine soudanien du Togo, rencontrĂ©es aussi bien sur les versants que dans les plaines, subissent diverses pressions telles que les dĂ©frichements agricoles, lâexploitation du bois de service et de feu ou encore la collecte des produits forestiers non ligneux. Ces forĂȘts ainsi dĂ©gradĂ©es accentuentla paupĂ©risation des populations riveraines qui en dĂ©pendent. Afin de contribuer Ă leur gestion durable au profit de ces populations locales, il sâavĂšre nĂ©cessaire dâanalyser lâimpact des pressions anthropiques sur la structure de ces forĂȘts. Des inventaires forestiers y ont Ă©tĂ© conduits. Les travaux ont portĂ© sur 4 783 arbres au seinde 225 placeaux de mesures. Plus de cent espĂšces ligneuses ont Ă©tĂ© inventoriĂ©es comprenant 79 genres et 32 familles, les plus frĂ©quentes Ă©tant Isoberlinia doka, Pterocarpus erinaceus, Lannea acida, Isoberlinia tomentosa, Vitellaria paradoxa, Daniellia oliveri et Parkia biglobosa. Les relevĂ©s ont permis de dĂ©terminer quatregradients Ă©cologiques majeurs : lâhumiditĂ©, la topographie, le substrat Ă©daphique et lâanthropisation. La classification a identifiĂ© neuf faciĂšs forestiers dont quatre en forĂȘts claires, trois en savanes boisĂ©es et deux au sein de jachĂšres. En outre, trois composantes structurales ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©finies en analysant la structure diamĂ©trique des neuf faciĂšs. Enfin, il a Ă©tĂ© aisĂ© de distinguer, dâune part, les forĂȘts naturelles peu perturbĂ©es,prĂ©sentant une stabilitĂ© floristique bĂ©nĂ©ficiant dâun flux de rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration continu, ainsi quâune rĂ©gularitĂ© de structure, et, dâautre part, les forĂȘts dĂ©gradĂ©es qui se caractĂ©risent par lâabsence de tiges de grande taille et le faible potentiel de rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration. La pression humaine qui sâexerce sur ces forĂȘts fragiles ne peutquâinciter Ă reboiser les espaces dĂ©gradĂ©s, en mettant Ă profit les techniques de multiplicationvĂ©gĂ©tative Ă faible coĂ»t. Reste surtout Ă atteindre une prise de conscience dela part des populations riveraines pour ce qui a trait Ă la conservation de ces milieux,et aboutir Ă une gestion participative