Image Guided Virtual Autopsy: An Adjunct with Radiographic and Computed Tomography Modalities - An Important Tool in Forensic Identification

The forensic examination of dead bodies is very helpful in order to identify the person, cause of death, gender, and solving the mysterious cases. It includes a number of techniques, out of which autopsy is the primary investigation that is performed in every medicolegal case. Because of mutilation technologies, traditional autopsy technique is most disturbing in terms of emotions and rituals of relatives. The use of radiology in forensic science comprises performance, interpretation, and reporting of radiographs that is helpful in detecting those changes that are not clinically visible. Forensic radiology plays an important role for identification of humans in mass disasters, criminal investigations, and evaluation of cause of death. The introduction of radiological modalities in autopsy techniques is a complementary tool for forensic identification and is known as virtual autopsy. The advance imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used in virtual autopsy in order to visualize and reconstruct the internal organs to know the site, type, and depth of injury. This review elaborates the role of maxillofacial imaging in image-guided virtual autopsy

Clinical and Radiological Evaluation of Franceschetti Syndrome (Treacher Collins Syndrome): A Rare Case Report

Franceschetti Syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder of craniofacial development with variable expressivity. It affects structures which are derivatives of the first and second brachial arches. It has a characteristic facial appearance as a result of hypoplasia of facial bones, accompanied by ear, eye and nose abnormalities and positive coloboma sign. This article describes clinical and radiographic features of this syndrome in a 22 year old male who reported to our department with the complaint of pain in his left upper back and right lower back tooth region showing incomplete clinical form of Franceschetti syndrome. Also pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, management are discussed

Prevalence and calcification of stylohyoid complex in North West part of India and its correlation with general and dental health condition

Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the variation and clinical significance of stylohyoid complex and to correlate it with general and dental health among different age groups and gender using panoramic radiographs. Materials and Methods: The study included 1,000 subjects indicated for panoramic radiographs. Styloid processes >30 mm were correlated age wise and gender wise. The morphology of the calcified stylohyoid complexes was allocated into 12 different patterns and their length was measured directly on the radiographs. Serum calcium levels and cholesterol levels were obtained from subjects with elongated styloid process and their heart rate, blood pressure measurement, weight, height, number of teeth present, and community periodontal index (CPI) was assessed. Results: Out of 978 detected styloid processes, 267 (27.3%) were more than 30 mm. The average length of the calcified styloid complex was 26.40 mm. The most common pattern of calcification was found to be E pattern, 64 (34.03%) in number which had statistically significant correlation with age (P value <0.001). Pearson's correlation coefficient association of body weight with elongated styloid process (left and right) was 0.163 (P value 0.162) and 0.300 (P value 0.001) respectively which was found to be statistically significant on right side. Twenty seven subjects who showed no elongation but evident calcification patterns according to gender and age on panoramic radiographs were also recorded and were called mineralized styloid termed as mineralization. Conclusion: Calcification of the styloid complex is commonly observed on panoramic radiographs and the present and previous studies indicate that the panoramic radiographs include information on general and dental health condition

Qualitative analysis of dermatoglyphics in oral submucous fibrosis

Aim: The study was conducted to analyze the significance of dermatoglyphics in predicting the development of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) among gutkha chewers. Objective: To evaluate the finger tip patterns in OSMF patients. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 75 subjects selected randomly from the OPD of Oral medicine and Radiology, out of which 25 subjects were gutkha chewers with OSMF, 25 were gutkha chewers without OSMF, and 25 were healthy subjects who were used as controls. The fingertip patterns were recorded using duplicating ink on A3 size paper and analyzed for their configurations using a magnifying lens. Results: Statistical analysis showed significant increase in the percentage of loops among gutkha chewers with OSMF and controls, and significant increase in the whorl patterns among the control group. The distribution of finger tip patterns of all the digits showed statistically significant increase in whorl pattern in right index (RI) and right ring (RR) finger. Conclusion: The present study showed a significant increase in the loop pattern among gutkha chewers with OSMF in comparison to controls. Thus, it can be concluded that people with more number of loop patterns are more prone to develop OSMF as compared to those with other patterns. Hence, dermatoglyphics can be used in this modern era to forecast the future of gutkha chewers, without much intervention

A multilocular radiolucency of mandible as the first evidence of multiple myeloma: A clinico-radiographic case report

The incidence of multiple myeloma (MM) affecting the jaws is 30% and on rare occasions the oral involvement can be the first indication of the disease. Authors report a case of MM in a 40-year-old woman who presented with a multilocular radiolucent lesion in the left mandible initially mistaken as an ameloblastoma. Conventional radiographs revealed a multilocular lesion on the molar region. Computed tomography (CT) and 3 dimensional CT revealed lytic, space occupying lesion perforating the inferior cortex. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a hypointense lesion on T1 weighted image and hyperintense lesion on T2 weighted image. Histopathological and lab investigations lead to the diagnosis of MM. MRI is superior in depicting the size of the lesion as compared to CT and conventional radiographs

Troponate/Aminotroponate Ruthenium–Arene Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, and Ligand-Tuned Mechanistic Pathway for Direct C–H Bond Arylation with Aryl Chlorides in Water

A series of water-soluble troponate/aminotroponate ruthenium­(II)–arene complexes were synthesized, where O,O and N,O chelating troponate/aminotroponate ligands stabilized the <i>piano-stool</i> mononuclear ruthenium–arene complexes. Structural identities for two of the representating complexes were also established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. These newly synthesized troponate/aminotroponate ruthenium–arene complexes enable efficient C–H bond arylation of arylpyridine in water. The unique structure–activity relationship in these complexes is the key to achieve efficient direct C–H bond arylation of arylpyridine. Moreover, the steric bulkiness of the carboxylate additives systematically directs the selectivity toward mono- versus diarylation of arylpyridines. Detailed mechanistic studies were performed using mass-spectral studies including identification of several key cyclometalated intermediates. These studies provided strong support for an initial cycloruthenation driven by carbonate-assisted deprotonation of 2-phenylpyridine, where the relative strength of η⁶-arene and the troponate/aminotroponate ligand drives the formation of cyclometalated 2-phenylpyridine Ru–arene species, [(η⁶-arene)­Ru­(κ²-<i>C</i>,<i>N</i>-phenylpyridine) (OH₂)]⁺ by elimination of troponate/aminotroponate ligands and retaining η⁶-arene, while cyclometalated 2-phenylpyridine Ru–troponate/aminotroponate species [(κ ²-troponate/aminotroponate)­Ru­(κ²-<i>C</i>,<i>N</i>-phenylpyridine)­(OH₂)₂] was generated by decoordination of η⁶-arene ring during initial C–H bond activation of 2-phenylpyridine. Along with the experimental mass-spectral evidence, density functional theory calculation also supports the formation of such species for these complexes. Subsequently, these cycloruthenated products activate aryl chloride by facile oxidative addition to generate C–H arylated products