Taenioderini Krikken 1984

Tribe Taenioderini Krikken, 1984 <p> <b>Diagnosis of Taenioderini based on larval characters.</b> Larva scarabaeiform, cranium yellowish, pale brown or reddish-brown, body whitish. Abdominal segments IX and X fused dorsally, ventrally separated by incomplete groove.</p> <p> <i>Head capsule</i> (Fig. 3). Surface of cranium glabrous or with weak microsculpture, yellowish, pale brown or red-brown; antennifer, postclypeus and labrum darker; area around frontoclypeal suture and apices of mandibles usually black. Epicranial suture extending between frontal suture; frontal sutures more or less bisinuate. Epicranial insertions of antennal muscles indistinct, feebly developed or apparent. Anterior and exterior frontal setae minute or absent. Clypeus subtrapezoidal to rectangular, membranous anteclypeal part narrow, not wider than 1/3 of entire clypeal area. Postclypeus sclerotized, with one anterior and one exterior clypeal setae. Stemmata present, well developed.</p> <p> <i>Antennae</i> (Figs 3; 9E–L). Tetramerous (an I–IV), relative length of antennomeres (an): an I> an IV> an II> an III or an I Ŀ an IV> an II> an III; an I about as long as an II and an III combined or slightly longer. Ventro-apical projection of ANIII with single sensory spot. An IV with numerous dorsal and ventral sensory spots and single apical sensoric ¿eld.</p> <p> <b> <i>Labrum</i>.</b> Symmetrical, anterior margin trilobed with numerous setae. Clithra present. Dorsal surface with two transverse rows of setae and additional pair of exterior labral setae on each side.</p> <p> <i>Epipharynx</i> (Figs 4A–H; 12A–F). Haptomerum: Zygum convex, with arcuate or angulate row of approximately 15 stout setae and several similar setae on mesal margin. Sensilla of zygum grouped in two groups distad to the row of stout setae, or in single ¿eld on a more or less projecting cone. Haptomeral process and proplegmata absent.Acroparia: External margin of medial labral lobe with four to ¿ve long setae on ventral side and three to four setae on dorsal side. Lateral labral lobes with three to seven long setae. Setae of acanthoparia on a more or less distinct tubercle, increasing in size towards apex. Plegmata absent. Chaetoparia asymmetric, setae in more or less distinct longitudinal rows or irregularly scattered on chaetoparia, medial rows with stout, spine-like setae. Dexiotorma straight, robust or narrowed, right pternotorma present or widely reduced. Laeotorma usually reduced (entirelly developed only in <i>Chalcothea neglecta</i> Ritsema, 1882 and <i>Plectrona tristis</i>), left pternotorma triangular or rectangular, large. Haptolachus: Sense cone well developed or reduced to low cob-like tubercle, sclerotized plate (right nesium) absent. Plate-shaped sclerite present. Haptolachus posteriad with two pairs of pore-like setae on each side. Phoba and crepis absent.</p> <p> <i>Mandibles</i> (Figs 6A–O; 7A–O; 8A–O; 9A–C; 13F–L). Asymmetrical, dorsomolar and ventromolar setae present on both mandibles, stridulatory area absent in <i>P. tristis</i>, strongly reduced in <i>C. neglecta</i>, in all other species consists of about 20 transversal ridges. Left mandible with four, right mandible with three scissorial teeth.</p> <p> <i>Maxilla</i> (Figs 5; 12G–M). Dorsomedial surface of stipes with oblique row of more than ¿ve well sclerotized spine-shaped or drop-shaped stridulatory teeth and anterior truncate process (blunt tubercle, Fig. 12M). Galea and lacina entirely fused forming mala, galeo-lacinial suture indistinct, entirely absent on ventral face. Galear portion of mala with single falcate uncus and several long and stout hair-like setae in longitudinal rows; lacinia with one or two unci, subapical uncus, if present, small and indistinct. Maxillary palpi tetramerous, penultimate palpomere with two setae.</p> <p> <i>Hypopharyngeal sclerome</i> (Figs 5; 12N–O). Asymmetrical with strong protruding hypopharyngeal process. Tufts of tegumentary expansions (= phoba, <i>sensu</i> BÖVING 1936) present on left lateral lobe. Tegumentary expansions of right central part of scleroma either present, absent or individually variable (e.g. present in one specimen, absent in another).</p> <p> <i>Ligula</i> (Figs 5; 13A–E). Dorsal surface with group of approximately 10–15 hair-like setae on each side; paramedial longitudinal row of three to ¿ve stout setae and proximal transverse row of several campaniform or conical setae. Labial palpi bimerous.</p> <p> <i>Thorax</i> (Figs 2A–H). Prothorax with single dorsal lobe, meso- and metathorax with three well developed lobes. Each dorsal sublobe of thoracic segments with one row of medium long to long setae along with several short setae irregularly scattered anterior to the row. Prothoracic sclerite covering almost whole lateral portion of prothorax. Mesothoracic spiracle (Figs 6P–T; 7P–R) with C-shaped respiratory plate; bullar opening constricted or wide open. All pairs of legs (Figs 9M–T) subequal. Pretarsi conical to cylindrical in shape with two setae, claw present or greatly reduced (Figs 7S–T; 8P–T; 9D).</p> <p> <i>Abdomen</i> (Figs 2A–H; 10; 11). Nine-segmented. Abdominal segments IX and X fused, fusion line is visible on the ventral side. Dorsa of abdominal segments I–VI with three, segments VII and VIII with two sublobes respectively. Each sublobe bearing one to three (four) rows of setae. Setae in anterior rows short, posterior row with distinctly longer setae.</p> <p> Abdominal pilosity often species-speci¿c, from long hair-like setae (<i>Euselates laoticus</i> Mikšiü, 1974) to long stout (<i>Chalcothea neglecta</i>), spatulate (long or short; <i>Coilodera diardi</i> (Gory & Percheron, 1833), <i>E. cineraceus</i> (Gory & Percheron, 1833)) to hamate (<i>Coilodera penicillata</i>). Abdominal spiracles similar to mesothoracic spiracle, but smaller. Ultimate abdominal segment usually densely setose. Anal slit transverse.</p> <p> <i>Raster</i> (Fig. 10). Palidium present or absent, if present than monostichous (few irregular pali may be scattered around main row), composed of approximately 10–22 pali arranged in single U-shaped row or two parallel rows respectively. Septula opened posteriorly.</p>Published as part of <i>Vendl, Tomáš, VONDRÁýEK, Dominik, Kubá, VítČzslav & Šípek, Petr, 2014, Immature stages of Taenioderini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae): a report of hidden morphological diversity, pp. 571-604 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54 (2)</i> on pages 574-576, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5301164">10.5281/zenodo.5301164</a&gt

Plectrone tristis

Plectrone tristis (Westwood, 1842) (Figs 2G; 3G; 4G; 5G; 7D–F,Q; 8M–O,T; 9K,S; 10G; 11G) Material examined. 5 third instar larvae reared from adults obtained in February 2013 from the beetle breeder O. Jahn (Sušice, Czech Republic), collecting data and locality are not available. Description of third instar larva. Body (Fig. 2G). Length 56.0–68.0 mm (n = 3, larvae not fully grown), dorsoventral interval of abdominal segments slightly larger than in thoracic segments (thus abdominal segments appear to be slightly thicker, abdominal segments VII and VIII are the thickest). Body, especially on ventral side, covered with numerous stiff, brown setae. Setae on both dorsal and ventral part of thorax and abdomen subequal in size and shape. Head capsule (Fig. 3G). Maximum width 5.6–7.1 mm, surface of cranium with indistinct microsculpture, yellowish or reddish brown, parts of epicranium with numerous darker irregular spots. Frontal sutures bisinuated. Epicranial insertions of antennal muscles very distinct, dorsally emarginated with sickle-like line. Cranial chaetotaxy summarized in Table 2. Anterior and exterior frontal setae absent or composed of one or two minute setae. Antennae (Figs 3G; 9K). Relative length of antennomeres I–IV (an I–IV): an I Ŀ an IV> an II> an III), ultimate antennomere with 15–20 dorsal and 17–23 ventral sensory spots. Epipharynx (Fig. 4G). Haptomerum: Zygum convex, with arcuate row of 15–17 stout, pointed setae and medial row of another ¿ve to eight stout setae. Sensilla of zygum in single row distad to the row of stout setae. Acroparia: Lateral lobes of epipharynx with four to ¿ve long setae, medial lobe with eight setae. Acanthoparia with four to ¿ve large tubercles each with single seta; the size of the tubercles, as well as the length of setae, increasing towards the apex of epipharynx. Chaetoparia: Asymmetric, right side with single regular row of long stiff setae and ¿ve to six irregular rows, left side with single regular and three to four irregular rows of setae. Right side of chaetoparia with approximately 55–70, left with 40–50 setae, respectively. Pedium large. Dexiotorma somewhat crooked, long, narrowed toward medial end, right pternotorma absent. Laeotorma present, left pternotorma prolonged. Haptolachus: Sense cone large, broad at the base, conical, almost pointed at the tip. Plate-like sclerite large, occupying almost the entire area between sense cone and the regular rows on both sides of chaetoparia. Sensilla of haptolachus organized in two groups of two sensilla. Mandibles (Figs 7D–F; 8M–O). Stridulatory area absent, ventral surface of entire mandible smooth, rarely with few irregular ridges. Scrobis with three to four lateral setae. Longitudinal furrow present, extending towards apex of mandibles, with two prominent lateroapical setae and one or two posterior setae (occasionally absent). Maxilla (Fig. 5G). Dorsal surface of cardo and labacoparia with four to eight stiff and 16–24 slender setae, respectively. Ventral surface of cardo and labacoparia with three to four and six to nine stiff setae, respectively, labacoparia with another 8–15 slender setae. Dorsal surface of stipes with approximately 13–20 slender hair-like setae and one to four anterolateral stout setae. Maxillary stridulatory apparatus on stipes with eight to nine, blunt, conical stridulatory teeth, blunt tubercle absent or of the same shape as the previous teeth. Ventral surface of stipes with single proximal and one to three distal setae (long and stout, arranged in transverse row). Galear portion of mala in dorsal aspect beside large falcate uncus with three to ¿ve large stiff and four to eight medium-sized hair-like setae respectively. Lacinial part of mala with around twenty mostly extremely long and stiff setae. Lacinial uncus beside large pointed claw with minute second pointed tip, and two conical, stout setae. Vental surface of mala with two longitudinal rows of setae; the exterior row with three to ¿ve mostly long and stiff setae, the interior row with three short and stout setae. Hypopharyngeal sclerome (Fig. 5G). Around twenty tegumentary expansions (phoba-like processes) present on the left lateral lobe of hypopharynx, tegumentary expansions on right medial portion of scleroma present in all studied individuals. Ligula (Fig. 5G). Dorsal surface laterally and anteriorly with two groups of around 11–15 hair-like setae (each group consists of longitudinal and oblique row) and central group of setae and sensilla. The central group is composed of two paramedial rows of two stout, conical setae, and transverse, basomedial row of ¿ve to seven conical setae. Thorax (Figs 2G; 7Q; 8T; 9S). Prothoracic sclerite with approximately eight to twelve setae on the anteroventral margin and another one or two setae in the posterio-dorsal area. Each sublobe of prothorax dorsal with one or two rows of setae (short to long). Thoracic spiracle (Fig. 7Q) 1.1 × 0.8 mm (height × width), bullar opening narrow, not broader than the maximum perimeter of respiratory plate. Respiratory plate with approximately 50 holes across diameter. Pretarsus (Fig. 8T) conical with minute pointed tip and two apical setae. Abdomen (Figs 2G; 10G; 11G). Each dorsal sublobe of abdominal segments I–VIII with one to three rows of setae. The anterior one or two row(s) irregular, with short setae. Posterior row regular with medium-long and long setae. Setae of abdominal segments IX–X, as well as the setae of the entire ventral body covered slightly stiffer than those on dorsal part. Spiracles on abdominal segments I–III elongate, similar to thoracic spiracle, abdominal spiracles on segments IV–VIII almost circular. Raster (Figs 10G; 11G). Rows of pali absent, tegilla fused, central part with medium-long hamate setae, other parts with stiff and long hair-like setae. Ventral anal lip with three rows of short apically recurved setae.Published as part of Vendl, Tomáš, VONDRÁýEK, Dominik, Kubá, VítČzslav & Šípek, Petr, 2014, Immature stages of Taenioderini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae): a report of hidden morphological diversity, pp. 571-604 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54 (2) on pages 594-597, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.530116

Coilodera penicillata Hope 1831

Coilodera penicillata Hope, 1831 (Figs 2C; 3C; 4C; 5C; 6G–I,R; 8A–C,P; 9G,O; 10C; 11C; 12I; 13H) Material examined. One third instar larva and two third instar larva cast skins collected at: TAIWAN: in the vicinity of Taroko National Park, 17. – 19.v.2008, P. Jedelský & I. Hrdý leg. Description of third instar larva*. Body (Fig. 2C). Length 54.0 mm (n = 1), dorsoventral interval of abdominal segments slightly larger than in thoracic segments (thus abdominal segments appear to be slightly thicker, abdominal segments VII and VIII are the thickest). Chaetotaxy of body generally short with few medium-sized setae. Setae on the dorsal side of body (with the exception of the last segment) hair-like, setae of the ultimate abdominal segment and the ventral parts of body hamate. Head capsule (Fig. 3C). Maximum width 4.3 mm, glossy, pale brown. Frontal sutures bisinuated. Epicranial insertions of antennal muscles indistinct. Cranial chaetotaxy summarized in Table 1. Antennae (Figs 3C; 9G). Relative length of antennomeres I–IV (an I–IV): an I> an IV> an II> an III), ultimate antennomere with eight dorsal and ten ventral sensory spots (n = 1). Epipharynx (Fig. 4C, malformed specimen!). Haptomerum: Zygum convex, more or less protruding, with arcuate row of 15 stout conical setae and several similar setae proximad to the row. Sensilla of zygum grouped in single group at the top of haptomerum. Acroparia: Lateral lobes of epipharynx with four to ¿ve long setae, medial lobe with four and four to ¿ve setae on ventral and dorsal sides, respectively. Acanthoparia with four to six setae surrounded by swollen base (or tubercle); the size of the tubercles as well as the setae increasing towards apex (of epipharynx). Chaetoparia: Asymmetric, right side composed of approximately 30 setae in irregular rows and medial ¿eld (proximad to plate-shaped sclerite). Left side with approximately 20 setae. Both parts of chaetoparia with medial, more or less regular row of prominent long setae. Dexiotorma straight, right pternotorma well developed. Laeotorma strongly reduced, left pternotorma well developed. Haptolachus: Sense cone knob-like with four pores. Plate-like sclerite large, occupying almost the entire area between sense cone and the regular rows on both sides of chaetoparia. Mandibles (Figs 6G–I; 8A–C; 13H). Stridulatory area well developed, with approximately 20 ridges (ridges in the proximal third less distinct and narrow). Scrobis with two to ¿ve lateral setae. Longitudinal furrow absent. Apical half of mandibles in dorsal aspect with two lateral setae and mediolateral depression (proximad to the base of the third and fourth scissorial tooth). Lateral outline of both mandibles with obtuse tubercle. * Haptomerum, acroparia and chaetoparia malformed in depicted specimen, the description of epipharynx thus based solely on cast skin. Maxilla (Figs 5C; 12I); parts of left maxilla malformed in depicted specimen). Dorsal surface of cardo and labacoparia with ¿ve and 20–30 setae, respectively. Dorsal surface of stipes with 15 slender hair-like setae and one anterolateral stout setae. Maxillary stridulatory apparatus on stipes with ¿ve spine-like (or drop-like on the malformed maxilla, see Fig. 12I) stridulatory teeth and one blunt tubercle. Galear portion of mala in dorsal aspect beside large falcate uncus with nine large, mostly stiff setae. Lacinial part of mala with 13 mostly long and stiff setae. Lacinial apex with single triangular uncus. Hypopharyngeal sclerome (Fig. 5C). Three tegumentary expansions (phoba-like processes) present on the left lateral lobe of hypopharynx; tegumentary expansions on right medial portion of scleroma present. Ligula (Fig. 5C). Dorsal surface with two lateral groups of around 12–14 hair-like setae, and central group of setae and sensilla. This group is composed of two paramedial rows of approximately three to four stout and conical setae, and transverse, basomedial row with eight conical setae. Thorax (Figs 2C; 6R; 8P; 9O). Prothoracic sclerite with four (three) setae on the anteroventral margin and another single seta in the posterio-dorsal area. Each sublobe of prothorax dorsal with one or two rows of mostly short or medium-long setae interspersed with few long, hair-like setae. Thoracic spiracle (Fig. 6R) 0.84 × 0.45 mm (height × width), bullar opening broad, the distance between the lobes of the C-shaped respiratory plate equals the maximum diameter of the respiratory plate. Respiratory plate with approximately 16–35 holes across diameter. Venter of thorax with hamate setae. Pretarsus (Fig. 8P) conical with large falcate tip and two apical setae. Abdomen (Figs 2C; 10C; 11C). Each dorsal sublobe of abdominal segments I–VIII with two to three rows of setae. Setae in anterior row(s) short or medium-sized, posterior row also with several long setae. Dorsum of abdominal segments IX–X, as well as the entire ventral part of abdomen covered with hamate setae. Spiracles on abdominal segments I–VI elongate, similar to thoracic spiracle, abdominal spiracles on segments VII–VIII almost circular. Raster (Figs 10C; 11C). Palidium monostichous (however with few pali scattered around the main row), pali arranged in single elongate U-shaped row. Septula opened posteriorly, about two times longer than broad. Tegilla fused, with numerous short or medium-long hamate setae.Published as part of Vendl, Tomáš, VONDRÁýEK, Dominik, Kubá, VítČzslav & Šípek, Petr, 2014, Immature stages of Taenioderini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae): a report of hidden morphological diversity, pp. 571-604 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54 (2) on pages 582-583, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.530116

Chalcothea neglecta Ritsema 1882

Chalcothea neglecta Ritsema, 1882 (Figs 2A; 3A; 4A; 5A; 6A–C,P; 7J–L,S; 9E,M; 10A; 11A; 12A,D,G; 13A,F) Material examined. 7 third instar larvae reared from adults obtained in: MALAYSIA: PERAK SULTANATE: Cameron Highlands, road between Tapah and Tanah Rata, Batu (= mile 19), 4°22.121ƍN 101°20.012ƍE, 600–660 m a.s.l., 13.–19.v.2011, local collector leg.; 3 third instar cast skins obtained from larvae reared to adults: same locality and date, P. Šípek & D. Vondráþek leg. Description of third instar larva. Body (Fig. 2A). Length 53.0–67.0 mm, dorsoventral interval of abdominal segments slightly larger than in thoracic segments (thus abdominal segments appear slightly thicker, abdominal segment VIII is the thickest). Body, especially on ventral side, covered with numerous stiff, brown setae. Dorsal part of thorax and abdomen covered with more slender and shorter setae. Head capsule (Fig. 3A). Maximum width 4.2–4.6 mm, surface of cranium with indistinct micro-sculpture, yellowish or reddish brown, parts of epicranium with numerous darker irregular spots. Frontal sutures moderately sinuated. Epicranial insertions of antennal muscles distinct (visible as dark spot proximal to the frontal suture slightly above the level of anterior epicranial setae). Cranial chaetotaxy summarized in Table 1. Anterior and exterior frontal setae absent. Antennae (Figs 3A; 9E). Relative length of antennomeres I–IV (an I–IV): an I Ŀ an IV> an II> an III), ultimate antennomere with 9–14 dorsal and 11–18 ventral sensory spots. Epipharynx (Figs 4A; 12A,D). Haptomerum: Zygum convex, with arcuate or angulate row of 13–18 stout conical setae and medial row of another four to six stout setae. Sensilla of zygum grouped in two groups distad to the row of stout setae. Acroparia: Lateral lobes of epipharynx with three to four long setae, medial lobe with four and four to ¿ve setae on ventral and dorsal side, respectively. Acanthoparia with three to ¿ve large tubercles each with single seta; the size of the tubercles, as well as the length of setae, increasing towards apex (of epipharynx). Chaetoparia: Asymmetric, right side with single regular row of long stiff setae and four to ¿ve irregular rows, left side with one regular and three to four irregular rows. Right side of chaetoparia with approximately 40–60, left with 30–40 setae respectively. Pedium large. Dexiotorma somewhat crooked, robust, but narrowed toward medial end, right pternotorma only indicated. Laeotorma present. Haptolachus: Sense cone large, broad at the base, conical, almost pointed at the tip, with four pores. Plate-like sclerite large, occupying almost the entire area between sense cone and the regular rows on both sides of chaetoparia. Sensilla of haptolachus organized in two groups (both with two sensilla), each group is located proximal to the end of the respective regular row of stiff setae of chaetoparia. Mandibles (Figs 6A–C; 7J–L; 13F). Stridulatory area very small, with approximately ¿ve to seven indistinct ridges. Scrobis with two to three lateral setae. Longitudinal furrow present, extending towards apex of mandibles, with two prominent lateroapical setae and one or two posterior setae (occasionally absent). Right mandible with three scissorial teeth, the middle tooth blade-shaped, occasionally with small incision or processus. Maxilla (Figs 5A; 12G). Dorsal surface of cardo and labacoparia with four to eight, 16–24 setae, respectively. Ventral surface of cardo and labacoparia with three and 8 to 13 stiff setae respectively. Dorsal surface of stipes with approximately 16 slender hair-like setae and one or two anterolateral stout setae. Maxillary stridulatory apparatus on stipes with six to eight drop-like or obtuse stridulatory teeth (in dorsal aspect, Fig. 12G) and one blunt tubercle. Ventral surface of stipes with single proximal and two distal setae (long and stout, arranged in transverse row). Galear portion of mala in dorsal aspect beside large falcate uncus with three to ¿ve large stiff and two to ¿ve medium sized hair-like setae respectively. Lacinial part of mala with around twenty mostly long and stiff setae. Lacinial uncus beside large pointed claw with minute second pointed tip and two conical, stout setae. Ventral surface of mala with two longitudinal rows of three setae; setae of the exterior row long and stiff, setae of the interior row shorter and stout. Hypopharyngeal sclerome (Fig. 5A). Around ten tegumentary expansions (phoba-like processes) present on the left lateral lobe of hypopharynx, the presence of tegumentary expansions on right medial portion scleroma individually variable. Ligula (Figs 5A; 13A). Dorsal surface with two lateral groups of around 10 hair-like setae (each group consist of longitudinal and oblique row), two paramedial setae at the apical margin and central group of setae and sensilla. This group is composed of two paramedial rows of approximately four stout, conical setae, and transverse, basomedial row with two bulbose setae on each side and two paramedial conical setae. Thorax (Figs 2A; 6P; 7S; 9M). Prothoracic sclerite with approximately six to eight setae on the anteroventral margin and another one or two setae in the posterio-dorsal area. Each sublobe of prothorax dorsal with single sparse row of mostly long or medium-long setae. Thoracic spiracle (Fig. 6P) 0.9 × 0.63 mm (height × width), bullar opening narrow, arms of respiratory plate almost concealed. Respiratory plate with approximately 50 holes across diameter. Pretarsus (Fig. 7S) conical with minute pointed tip and two apical setae. Abdomen (Figs 10A; 11A). Abdominal chaetotaxy more developed than on thorax, each dorsal sublobe of abdominal segments I–VIII with two to three rows of setae. Setae in anterior row(s) short or medium-sized, posterior row also with several long setae. Dorsum of abdominal segment IX–X, as well as the entire ventral part of abdomen covered by stiff medium-long to long setae. Spiracles on abdominal segments I–V elongate, similar to thoracic spiracle, abdominal spiracles on segments VI–VIII almost circular. Raster (Figs 10A; 11A). Rows of pali absent, tegilla fused, covered with numerous mediumlong hamate setae. Ventral anal lip with rows of numerous short apically recurved setae.Published as part of Vendl, Tomáš, VONDRÁýEK, Dominik, Kubá, VítČzslav & Šípek, Petr, 2014, Immature stages of Taenioderini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae): a report of hidden morphological diversity, pp. 571-604 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54 (2) on pages 576-580, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.530116

Coilodera diardi

Coilodera diardi (Gory & Percheron, 1833) (Figs 2B; 3B; 4B; 5B; 6D–F,Q; 7M–O,T; 9F,N; 10B; 11B; 12B,E,H; 13B,G) Material examined. 5 third instar larvae reared from adults obtained in: MALAYSIA: PERAK SULTANATE: Cameron Higlands, road between Tapah and Tanah Rata, Batu (= mile 19), 4°22.121ƍN 101°20.012ƍE, 600–660 m a.s.l., 13.–19.v.2011, local collector leg. Description of third instar larva. Body (Fig. 2B). Length 54.0–61.0 mm, dorsoventral interval of abdominal segments slightly larger than in thoracic segments (thus abdominal segments appear to be slightly thicker, abdominal segments VII and VIII are the thickest). Body only with short and few medium-sized setae. Setae on the dorsal side of body (with the exception of the ultimate segment) hair-like, setae of the ultimate abdominal segment and the ventral parts of body apically recurved, spatulate. Head capsule (Fig. 3B). Maximum width 5.0– 5.4 mm, glossy, yellowish brown or pale brown. Frontal sutures bisinuated. Epicranial insertions of antennal muscles indistinct, dorsally bordered with thin sickle-shaped line. Cranial chaetotaxy summarized in Table 1. Anterior and exterior frontal setae with minute single seta or absent. Antennae (Figs 3B; 9F). Relative length of antennomeres I–IV (an I–IV): an I> an IV> an II> an III), ultimate antennomere with ¿ve to ten dorsal and 8–14 ventral sensory spots. Epipharynx (Figs 4B; 12B,E). Haptomerum: Zygum convex, more or less protruding, with angulate row of 15–18 stout conical setae and several similar setae proximad to the row. Sensilla of zygum grouped in single group at the top of haptomerum. Acroparia: Lateral lobes of epipharynx with three to ¿ve long setae, medial lobe with four and four to ¿ve setae on ventral and dorsal side respectively. Acanthoparia with ¿ve to seven setae surrounded by moderately swollen base (or tubercle); the size of the tubercles as well as the setae increasing towards apex (of epipharynx). Chaetoparia: Asymmetric, right side composed of approximately 30–45 setae in three to ¿ve longitudinal rows and medial ¿eld (proximad to plate-shaped sclerite). Left side with approximately 30 setae in three to four rows. Both parts of chaetoparia with medial, more or less regular row of prominent long setae. Pedium large. Dexiotorma somewhat crooked, right pternotorma well developed. Laeotorma absent, left pternotorma well developed. Haptolachus: Sense cone (Fig. 12E) knob-like (low, but considerably broad at the base), with four pores. Plate-like sclerite large, occupying almost the entire area between sense cone and the regular rows on both sides of chaetoparia, however it can be less distinct in some specimens. Mandibles (Figs 6D–F; 7M–O; 13G). Stridulatory area well developed, with approximately twenty ridges (ridges in the proximal third less distinct and narrow). Scrobis with two to three lateral setae. Longitudinal furrow absent. Apical half of mandibles in dorsal aspect with two lateral setae and mediolateral depression (proximad to the base of the third scissorial tooth). Lateral outline of both mandibles with prominent external tooth. Maxilla (Figs 5B; 12H). Dorsal surface of cardo and labaocoparia with seven to eight, 28–34 setae, respectively. Ventral surface of cardo and labacoparia with two or three and 8 to 12 stiff setae, respectively. Dorsal surface of stipes with approximately 16 slender hair-like setae and one or two anterolateral stout setae. Maxillary stridulatory apparatus on stipes with six to seven spine-like stridulatory teeth (in dorsal aspect, Fig. 12H) and one blunt tubercle. Ventral surface of stipes with single proximal and one distal seta. Galear portion of mala in dorsal aspect beside large falcate uncus with four to ¿ve large stiff and three to ¿ve medium sized hair-like setae respectively. Lacinial part of mala with around 15–20 mostly long and stiff setae. Lacinial apex with single triangular uncus with two short conical, stout setae at the base and another single long, conical setae next to it. Ventral surface of mala with two longitudinal rows of three to four (seven) setae; setae of the exterior row long and stiff, setae of the interior row shorter and stout. Hypopharyngeal sclerome (Fig. 5B). Around ¿ve tegumentary expansions (phoba-like processes) present on the left lateral lobe of hypopharynx, the presence of tegumentary expansions on right medial portion scleroma individually variable. Ligula (Figs 5B; 13B). Dorsal surface with two lateral groups of around 10 hair-like setae, two paramedial setae at the apical margin and central group of setae and sensilla. This group is composed of two paramedial rows of approximately three stout and conical setae, and transverse, basomedial row with seven to eight conical setae. Thorax (Figs 2B; 6Q; 7T; 9N). Prothoracic sclerite with four (three) setae on the anteroventral margin and another single seta in the posterio-dorsal area. Each sublobe of prothorax dorsally with one or two rows of mostly short or medium-long setae interspersed with few long, hair-like setae. Thoracic spiracle (Fig. 6Q) 0.93 × 0.59 mm (height × width), bullar opening narrow, arms of respiratory plate almost concealed. Respiratory plate with approximately 30 holes across diameter. Venter of thorax and legs with spatulate setae. Pretarsus (Fig. 7T) conical with large falcate tip and two apical setae. Abdomen (Figs 2B; 10B; 11B). Each dorsal sublobe of abdominal segments I–VIII with two to three rows of setae. Setae in anterior row(s) short or medium-sized, posterior row also with several long setae. Dorsum of abdominal segment IX–X, as well as the entire ventral part of abdomen covered with spatulate medium-long setae. Spiracles on abdominal segments I–VI elongate, similar to thoracic spiracle, abdominal spiracles on segments VII–VIII almost circular. Raster (Figs 10B; 11B). Rows of pali absent, tegilla fused, covered with numerous short or medium-long spatulate setae.Published as part of Vendl, Tomáš, VONDRÁýEK, Dominik, Kubá, VítČzslav & Šípek, Petr, 2014, Immature stages of Taenioderini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae): a report of hidden morphological diversity, pp. 571-604 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54 (2) on pages 580-582, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.530116

Outliers in models with constraints

summary:Outliers in univariate and multivariate regression models with constraints are under consideration. The covariance matrix is assumed either to be known or to be known only partially