244 research outputs found
Artificial morality: Making of the artificial moral agents
Abstract:
Artificial Morality is a new, emerging interdisciplinary field that centres
around the idea of creating artificial moral agents, or AMAs, by implementing moral
competence in artificial systems. AMAs are ought to be autonomous agents capable of
socially correct judgements and ethically functional behaviour. This request for moral
machines comes from the changes in everyday practice, where artificial systems are being
frequently used in a variety of situations from home help and elderly care purposes to
banking and court algorithms. It is therefore important to create reliable and responsible
machines based on the same ethical principles that society demands from people. New
challenges in creating such agents appear. There are philosophical questions about a
machineās potential to be an agent, or mora
l agent, in the first place. Then comes the
problem of social acceptance of such machines, regardless of their theoretic agency
status. As a result of efforts to resolve this problem, there are insinuations of needed
additional psychological (emotional and cogn
itive) competence in cold moral machines.
What makes this endeavour of developing AMAs even harder is the complexity of the
technical, engineering aspect of their creation. Implementation approaches such as top-
down, bottom-up and hybrid approach aim to find the best way of developing fully
moral agents, but they encounter their own problems throughout this effort
Artificial morality: Making of the artificial moral agents
Artificial Morality is a new, emerging interdisciplinary field that centres around the idea of creating artificial moral agents, or AMAs, by implementing moral competence in artificial systems. AMAs are ought to be autonomous agents capable of socially correct judgements and ethically functional behaviour. This request for moral machines comes from the changes in everyday practice, where artificial systems are being frequently used in a variety of situations from home help and elderly care purposes to banking and court algorithms. It is therefore important to create reliable and responsible machines based on the same ethical principles that society demands from people. New challenges in creating such agents appear. There are philosophical questions about a machine's potential to be an agent, or moral agent, in the first place. Then comes the problem of social acceptance of such machines, regardless of their theoretic agency status. As a result of efforts to resolve this problem, there are insinuations of needed additional psychological (emotional and cognitive) competence in cold moral machines. What makes this endeavour of developing AMAs even harder is the complexity of the technical, engineering aspect of their creation. Implementation approaches such as top-down, bottom-up and hybrid approach aim to find the best way of developing fully moral agents, but they encounter their own problems throughout this effort
Hsorc4-dependent DNA remodeling of the ori-beta dhfr replicator
Replication of DNA in multicellular organisms initiates from origin of replication (ori) sequences, which significantly differ in length and complexity. One of the best characterized is hamster dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), which contains the ori-beta sequence with several functionally relevant domains, such as an AT-rich region, dinucleotide repeat element (DNR), sequence-induced bend DNA (BEND) and a RIP60 protein-binding site (RIP60). Prior to initiation, ori sequences are recognized by origin recognition complex (ORC), which is a hetero hexamer complex that serves as the landing pad for proteins of the pre-replication complex. The function of each ORC subunit is still unclear. In this study, we analyze the function of subunit 4 of the human ORC complex (HsOrc4) in interaction with a plasmid bearing the ori-beta DHFR sequence. We show that the topologically closed DHFR ori-beta replicator contains a bubble-like structure within its AT-rich region and that it is reversibly modified in the interaction with HsOrc4. The non-canonical structure of the AT-rich region in the topologically closed ori sequence is recognized and changed by HsOrc4 using the energy of supercoiled DNA. These findings could help to further elucidate DNA replication and its possible association with human genetic diseases
Kompetence uÄiteljev za implementacijo trajnostnega razvoja v okviru izobraževanja odraslih
This paper presents the results of a study conducted on a sample of teachers working in adult education in Croatia with the aim of determining whether they possess the competencies needed for the implementation of sustainable development in the teaching process. The results show that the teachers who participated in the study mostly expressed positive attitudes but lower levels of both knowledge about sustainable development concepts and education for it. Even though teachers on average self-evaluated that they possessed almost every generic and specific competency needed for sustainable development, their self-evaluation also shows that they only partially possess the competencies directly connected with the implementation of sustainable development in the adult education teaching process.Predstavljamo rezultate raziskave, v kateri so sodelovali uÄitelji s podroÄja izobraževanja odraslih na HrvaÅ”kem. Cilj raziskave je bil ugotoviti, ali imajo ustrezne kompetence za implementacijo trajnostnega razvoja v uÄnem procesu. UÄitelji, ki so sodelovali v raziskavi, so veÄinoma izrazili pozitiven odnos do trajnostnega razvoja, vendar pa so rezultati pokazali tudi nižjo raven poznavanja konceptov, povezanih s trajnostnim razvojem, ali z njim povezane izobrazbe. Äeprav v povpreÄju uÄitelji menijo, da razpolagajo s skoraj vsemi sploÅ”nimi ali specifiÄnimi kompetencami, potrebnimi za trajnostni razvoj, je njihova samoevalvacija pokazala, da le delno razpolagajo s kompetencami, ki so neposredno povezane z implementacijo trajnostnega razvoja v uÄnem procesu izobraževanja odraslih
Cerak Vinogradi: spatial framing, user interventions and the socialist big other
This article investigates Cerak Vinogradi housing estate (Darko MaruÅ”iÄ, Milenija MaruÅ”iÄ and Nedeljko Borovnica, 1977-1988), moving through a string of relevant factors: from the chief principles of the housing policy, the urban and architectural design of the estate and the dynamics of its construction, to the contacts between the architects and residents, and the latterās informal interventions. We approach these factors by referring to the highly popular 1980 TV series VruÄ vetar, with the series acting as a valuable insight into the social and spatial patterns of ex-Yugoslavia. We use the series to demonstrate how Cerak Vinogradi were the result of tension existing between two frames: the first defined through urban and architectural design and unsuccessfully defended by the architects, and the second which involved deficiencies in construction and apartment space, inciting in turn the user interventions. Demonstrating all the alienation the housing policy of the day resulted in, we treat the informal interventions not as a response to the invisibility of users but as a supplement to this very same policy. Referring to the Lacanian theory of socio-symbolic order (the ābig Otherā), we interpret the user interventions as a crucial part of the existing order, placing them in the context of the cynical logic of self-management socialism
Application Possibilities of Second Order Models for Road Transport Network Modelling
Za provjeru novih rjeŔenja upravljanja cestovnom mrežom koriste se simulacije.
Takva provjera se uvijek radi prije implementacije novih rjeÅ”enja u realni upravljaÄki
sustav. Odabir odgovarajuÄeg kvalitetnog simulacijskog modela je bitan radi dobre
simulacijske provjere rjeÅ”enja. Iz tog razloga sve ÄeÅ”Äe se za modeliranje cestovnih
mreža koriste modeli drugog reda. U radu je napravljen pregled postojeÄih modela
cestovnih mreža uz naglasak na modele drugog reda. Detaljnije je opisan AW-Rascle
model drugog reda i razraÄen je postupak implementacije istog u programski paket
Matlab.Simulations are used for checking new solutions of roads network management.
Such verification is always worked before the implementation of new solutions in the
real control system. Choosing adequate high-quality simulation model is very
important because of checking simulation solutions. For this reason, models of the
second order are used more and more for modeling of road networks. The final work
contains a review of models of road networks with an emphasis on models of the
second order. The AW-Rascle second order model is described in detail and the
implementation of the same is worked out in Matlab
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