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Укротяването на Звяра. Идеята на Просвещението за овладяването на политическите страсти и руският литературен бестиарий

In this article, the subject of research is the literary-political beastiarium in the transition from the Baroque to the Enlightenment in Russia. The conceptual basis are the parallel ideas of the beast in man, taming the beast, and dream of eternal peace as understood by the European enlighteners of the 18th century. The dynamic, contradictory, and convulsive epoch of Peter I is discussed along with the myth of the dragon slayer and the monstrous Baroque metaphors used to describe the ruler and his subjects: Beast on the throne, battle with beasts, the dragon with three heads, and the ontological metaphor of falling in the beastʼs throat (resulting from the exercise of power through fear and violence). The underlying transformation of these ideas coincides with the period of Empress Elisavetaʼs rule with the thematization of the notions of tamed passions, peace and mercy of the throne in the parallel images of the biblical Elizabeth and the compassionate Titus. „Taming the beast” is a segment of the enlightenment program and the educational discourse of the time of Catherine II.A moralizing literary context is presented in works of V. Petrov, G. Derzhavin, M. Muraviev, A. Kozelsky, N. Karamzin. In this context, the idea of the rulerʼs tamed passions is presented in a dialogue (direct or indirect) with Machiavelliʼs The Prince and Friedrich IIʼs Anti-Machiavelli. The metaphorical images of the ruler of passions are: the blissful lion, the tame beast, or the transformed thunder god – the man on the throne and the king of hearts. The tamed passions (malice, enmity and dissonance) transform the society of predatory tigers into a peaceful herd of tigers and lambs, pigeons and hawks. The culmination of these ideas are the projects for a Union of States (The Sacred Union of European Monarchies, 1815, Union of Empires, 1873) were considered. A hypothesis is put forward that V. Dalʼs version of the folk tale Teremoc (1870) is a metaphorical representation of the idea of peaceful life, subjected to the test of passions.In this article, the subject of research is the literary-political beastiarium in the transition from the Baroque to the Enlightenment in Russia. The conceptual basis are the parallel ideas of the beast in man, taming the beast, and dream of eternal peace as understood by the European enlighteners of the 18th century. The dynamic, contradictory, and convulsive epoch of Peter I is discussed along with the myth of the dragon slayer and the monstrous Baroque metaphors used to describe the ruler and his subjects: Beast on the throne, battle with beasts, the dragon with three heads, and the ontological metaphor of falling in the beastʼs throat (resulting from the exercise of power through fear and violence). The underlying transformation of these ideas coincides with the period of Empress Elisavetaʼs rule with the thematization of the notions of tamed passions, peace and mercy of the throne in the parallel images of the biblical Elizabeth and the compassionate Titus. „Taming the beast” is a segment of the enlightenment program and the educational discourse of the time of Catherine II.A moralizing literary context is presented in works of V. Petrov, G. Derzhavin, M. Muraviev, A. Kozelsky, N. Karamzin. In this context, the idea of the rulerʼs tamed passions is presented in a dialogue (direct or indirect) with Machiavelliʼs The Prince and Friedrich IIʼs Anti-Machiavelli. The metaphorical images of the ruler of passions are: the blissful lion, the tame beast, or the transformed thunder god – the man on the throne and the king of hearts. The tamed passions (malice, enmity and dissonance) transform the society of predatory tigers into a peaceful herd of tigers and lambs, pigeons and hawks. The culmination of these ideas are the projects for a Union of States (The Sacred Union of European Monarchies, 1815, Union of Empires, 1873) were considered. A hypothesis is put forward that V. Dalʼs version of the folk tale Teremoc (1870) is a metaphorical representation of the idea of peaceful life, subjected to the test of passions

Polish Card as an Actor: The Case of its Belarusian Holders

Studium humanitní vzdělanosti - Společenskovědní modulLiberal Arts and Humanities - Social Sciences ModuleFakulta humanitních studiíFaculty of Humanitie

Polish Card as an Actor: The Case of its Belarusian Holders

Studium humanitní vzdělanosti - Společenskovědní modulLiberal Arts and Humanities - Social Sciences ModuleFakulta humanitních studiíFaculty of Humanitie

Optical Enzyme Sensor for Urea Determination via Immobilized pH Indicator and Urease onto Transparent Membranes

Transparent triacetylcellulose membranes with immobilized pH indicator (neutral red) as well as with simultaneously immobilized urease and neutral red were used as optical sensors for determination of urea concentrations in model solutions. Decomposition of urea with the enzyme urease is accompanied by evolution of ammonia. This leads to the changes of the neutral red absorption, which is proportional to the substrate (urea) within certain concentration limits in model solution. As a result of the investigation, standard curves were plotted for determination of urea over the range of 1 to 500 mM using immobilized indicator and free urease. Simultaneous immobilization of indicator and urease permitted determination of urea in the interval 50 to 500 mM. The membrane used contained 0.169 U urease activity on an area of 1.7 cm2. The standard curves were plotted using the linear region of the kinetic curves for the corresponding substrate concentrations. A possible scheme of the interaction between the activated triacetylcellulose membrane and the indicator and enzyme is proposed. The membranes obtained are suitable for repeated ecological applications where urea is to be determined

Acceleration and increase of hydrogen production by simultaneous fermentation of Clostridium butyricum and Rhodobacter sphaeroides on wine-vinasse substrate

A fermentation process for hydrogen production as a result of the simultaneous effect of Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Clostridium butyricum on a wine-vinasse substrate was realized in a single illuminated bioreactor. The kinetics of the cooperative process indicates rapid and enhanced production of hydrogen showing yield of 65.41 mmol/l vinasse with a mixed culture as compared to processes using the two bacteria separately that have yields of 27.41 and 25.49 mmol/l vinasse for Rhodobacter and Clostridium, respectively. The experiment with a mixture of the two bacteria revealed co-operative assimilation of almost all components studied in the following sequence: malic acid > lactic acid > residual sugars> tartaric acid > citric acid. The use of vinasse substrate for hydrogen production would be a significant ecological energy resource for enterprises producing wine brandies together with waste utilization

English

The paper offers a review of the linguistic literature dealing with the cognitive approaches to exploring language. It focuses on frame semantics as presenting a systematic description of language meaning and the role of frames in creating conceptual categories. The approaches discussed are applied to a corpus of technical texts and the examples are analysed in terms of the framework suggested.В статията се предлага обзор на лингвистичната литература, свързана с когнитивните подходи към изследването на езика. Фокусира се върху структурната семантика, предоставяща систематично описание на смисъла, предаван езиково и върху ролята на семантичните конструкции в създаването на концептуални категории и значения. Разгледаните методи и подходи се прилагат към корпус от технически текстове и примерите са анализирани в съответствие с предложените модели