Phosphorus Nitride P3N5

Pure, stoichiometric, hydrogen-free, and crystalline phosphorus nitride P3N5 has been obtained for the first time by reaction of (PNCl2)3 and NH4Cl between 770 and 1050 K. The compound has been characterized by elemental analyses, 31P and 15N MAS NMR, EXAFS, IR spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and electron microscopy. In the solid a three-dimensional cross-linked network structure of corner sharing PN4 tetrahedra has been identified with 2/5 of the nitrogen atoms bonded to three P atoms and 3/5 of the nitrogen atoms bonded to two P atoms. By electron diffraction (ED) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) two distinguishable modifications α-P3N5 and β-P3N5 have been identified which differentiate only by the stacking order of identical sheets similar to the polytypes of SiC

Experiences of pregnancy in adolescence of internally displaced women in Bogotá : an ethnographic approach

Antecedentes: El embarazo en la adolescencia es mayor en mujeres en condición de desplazamiento interno en Colombia, con respecto a las no desplazadas. Dicha condición es definida como un problema con consecuencias significativas desde el punto de vista biomédico y epidemiológico. Sin embargo, es necesario indagar estas experiencias desde las perspectivas de las mujeres que lo han experimentado, específicamente en el contexto del conflicto armado y del desplazamiento. Objetivo: Este artículo tiene por objeto comprender cómo interpretan las mujeres en condición de desplazamiento interno sus propias experiencias de embarazo en la adolescencia en el contexto del conflicto armado Colombiano a través de una aproximación etnográfica en una comunidad receptora en Bogotá. Métodos: Con base en 10 años de experiencia trabajando en la comunidad, realizamos un año de trabajo de campo a través de observación participante, 20 entrevistas a profundidad para reconstruir sus historias de vida y 8 talleres con las mujeres en condición de desplazamiento en un barrio en Ciudad Bolívar, en Bogotá. Realizamos análisis temático de la información para analizar los datos de las mujeres desplazadas y explorar como ellas entendieron sus experiencias de embarazo en la adolescencia tras el contexto del desplazamiento. Resultados: Los principales temas que emergieron de las experiencias de las participantes incluyeron la violencia en áreas rurales, su niñez (incluso los significados de embarazo a temprana edad y el enamoramiento), y las diferentes reacciones frente al embarazo (como la estigmatización) por parte de sus familias y sus parejas. Conclusión: El embarazo en la adolescencia en mujeres en condición de desplazamiento interno tiene dinámicas complejas e incluye el contexto violento que viven en las áreas rurales de donde son originarias, pero principalmente la violencia que vivieron durante su niñez. La experiencia de embarazo durante la adolescencia les genera sentimientos de pertenencia y las anima a sobrellevar las condiciones del desplazamiento. Estos hallazgos pueden ayudar en la construcción de políticas públicas y al personal de salud para trabajar con esta población.Q2Q1Paciente femeninoBackground: Pregnancy in adolescence is higher among internally displaced women in Colombia than nondisplaced women. It is defined as a problem with significant negative outcomes by both biomedical and epidemiological approaches. However, little is known about pregnancy during adolescence from the perspective of women who experienced this in the specific context of armed conflict and displacement. Aim: This article focuses on how internally displaced women understand their experiences of pregnancy in adolescence in the context of armed conflict through an ethnographic approach in a receptor community of internally displaced women in Bogotá, Colombia. Methods: Based on 10 years of experience in the community, we conducted 1 year of fieldwork, using an ethnographic approach. We collected life stories of 20 internally displaced women through in-depth interviews and ran 8 workshops with them and other women from the community. We used thematic analysis to analyse the responses of internally-displaced women and understand how they made meaning around their experiences of adolescent pregnancy in the context of displacement. Results: The main themes that emerged from participants’ experiences include rural violence, early family life (characterized by violence and mistreatment at home), meanings of pregnancy at an early age (including being challenged and feelings of love), and reactions to their pregnancies during adolescence (such as stigmatization) from their families and partners. Conclusion: Our analysis of the in-depth interviews and the workshops suggests that adolescent pregnancy among women who are internally displaced has complex dynamics, characterized by the violent context of the rural areas, but primarily by the violence experienced during their childhood. The experience of pregnancy during adolescence brings feelings of ownership and also challenges, together with the forced displacement. This understanding will provide insights for policy makers and healthcare providers on how to work with this specific population who have experienced pregnancy in adolescence.https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001363227https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000186929Revista Nacional - Indexad

Prescriptive Control of Business Processes - New Potentials Through Predictive Analytics of Big Data in the Process Manufacturing Industry

This paper proposes a concept for a prescriptive control of business processes by using event-based process predictions. In this regard, it explores new potentials through the application of predictive analytics to big data while focusing on production planning and control in the context of the process manufacturing industry. This type of industry is an adequate application domain for the conceived concept, since it features several characteristics that are opposed to conventional industries such as assembling ones. These specifics include divergent and cyclic material flows, high diversity in end products’ qualities, as well as non-linear production processes that are not fully controllable. Based on a case study of a German steel producing company – a typical example of the process industry – the work at hand outlines which data becomes available when using state-of-the-art sensor technology and thus providing the required basis to realize the proposed concept. However, a consideration of the data size reveals that dedicated methods of big data analytics are required to tap the full potential of this data. Consequently, the paper derives seven requirements that need to be addressed for a successful implementation of the concept. Additionally, the paper proposes a generic architecture of prescriptive enterprise systems. This architecture comprises five building blocks of a system that is capable to detect complex event patterns within a multi-sensor environment, to correlate them with historical data and to calculate predictions that are finally used to recommend the best course of action during process execution in order to minimize or maximize certain key performance indicators

Authorship position as a proxy for contextual knowledge

Current health sciences literature is predominantly disseminated by, through and for Western scholars, resulting in underrepresentation of contextual knowledge in health policies worldwide. Commonly, this literature is evidence-based, build on principles of universality, neglecting and disregarding the importance of contextual and local expertise. Using a global health research question applied to three countries, Maastricht University Library’s collection was evaluated to explore the extent of contextual knowledge by authorship positions. Preliminary results showed that while Dutch articles had more local authors on first and/or last authorship positions compared to Bangladesh and Tanzania, they had no Dutch authors in middle positions, as opposed to Bangladesh and Tanzania (23% and 16%).  This indicates a need for further understanding of geographic authorship position customs. Key words: Global health; Information dissemination; Information sources; Health information exchange; Diversity, Equity, Inclusio

Making a difference: The construction of ethnicity in HIV and STI epidemiological research by the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.03.04

Interdependencies between Business Model Components – A Literature Analysis

The growing commercial use of modern information and communication technology with the simultaneous transition of traditional to digital businesses led to the realization of many innovative business ideas forming a new digital competitive landscape. As an appropriate means to analyze this new competitive landscape, the business model concept has prevailed in research and business practice for almost two decades. To describe business models, they are typically broken down into single business model components. Recent business model research criticizes a lack of knowledge of the structural relations between them. Without knowledge of their internal behavior, it is difficult to transform and innovate them in a successful manner. Thus, this paper tackles this research gap by conducting a comprehensive analysis of business model literature with the objective of discovering structural relations between business model components and mapping them on a unifying business model component framework which was developed prior to this study

CONCEIVING A METHOD FOR VIEWPOINT-BASED MODELING USING RECOMMENDER SYSTEMS IN A MULTIPLE-USER ENVIRONMENT - CONCEPTUAL APPROACH AND PROOF-OF-CONCEPT

This paper conceives a viewpoint-based modeling method that applies the concept of viewpoints to collaborative modeling to foster the incorporation of multiple stakeholders. In collaborative modeling settings, problems like low model acceptance among involved stakeholders are typical du to their limited understanding of the overall model or system to be developed. The conceived viewpoint-based modeling method aims at solving such problems by introducing and using stakeholder-specific viewpoints on collaboratively created models. In doing so, the viewpoint concept facilitates and improves the involvement of multiple stakeholders from different domains into the collaborative modeling process. To effectively distribute and coordinate modeling activities among all participants, the method utilizes the concept of recommender systems with the eventual goal to end up with a consolidated, conflict-free model that has been collectively constructed. Besides the development of the viewpoint-based modeling method, the paper at hand ”following design science research ”additionally presents its Proof-of-Concept by means of a prototypical implementation and an evaluation of the proposed recommender algorithm

XML Signature Wrapping Still Considered Harmful: A Case Study on the Personal Health Record in Germany

XML Signature Wrapping (XSW) has been a relevant threat to web services for 15 years until today. Using the Personal Health Record (PHR), which is currently under development in Germany, we investigate a current SOAP-based web services system as a case study. In doing so, we highlight several deficiencies in defending against XSW. Using this real-world contemporary example as motivation, we introduce a guideline for more secure XML signature processing that provides practitioners with easier access to the effective countermeasures identified in the current state of research.Comment: Accepted for IFIP SEC 202

Cinchonidine-Induced Restructuring of Pt/Al2O3 During Enantioselective Hydrogenation

The intrinsic selectivity of cinchonidine-modified Pt/alumina is poor in the hydrogenation of 3,5-di-(trifluoromethyl)-acetophenone but stirring of the catalyst system in toluene under nitrogen prior to reaction more than triples the ee. SEM and TEM analysis revealed dramatic restructuring of the catalyst and the Pt particles. We propose that the interaction of the hydroxy methyl-quinoline fragment ("anchoring moiety”) of cinchonidine with Pt is responsible for the restructuring. Reductive pretreatment at elevated temperature as well as the attrition induced by stirring in toluene accelerate the process. The higher ee is attributed to morphological changes of Pt, leading to the development of a more "selective” surface. The chirality of cinchonidine is unimportant in the restructuring and no correlation between the size of Pt particles and the ee has been foun