63 research outputs found
Serological survey of a captive macaque colony in China for antibodies to simian type D retroviruses
Effects of obesity on circadian photic entrainment of locomotor activity in wild mice Neotomodon alstoni
Pharmacokinetics of ammonium sulfate gradient loaded liposomeâencapsulated oxymorphone and hydromorphone in healthy dogs
A Mathematical Relationship for Hydromorphone Loading into Liposomes with Trans-Membrane Ammonium Sulfate Gradients
Effects of exposure to bisphenol A and ethinyl estradiol on the gut microbiota of parents and their offspring in a rodent model
Ulcerative disease outbreak in crayfish Orconectes propinquus linked to Saprolegnia australis in Big Muskellunge Lake, Wisconsin
Crayfish populations in the area of the North Temperate Lakes Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project, Wisconsin, USA, have been monitored for \u3e25 yr. In 2005, native crayfish Orconectes propinquus from Big Muskellunge Lake were found with ulcerated lesions in the cuticle In 2006, lesions occurred in 9 5% of sampled crayfish from the lake (n = 3146). Ulcers generally occurred on the appendages of affected individuals but varied in location and severity. The prevalence of ulcers varied widely among sites, sample depths, and sampling dates, ranging from 20% The prevalence of ulcers in crayfish increased from a minimum in early June to a maximum in late July and August. In aquarium trials, healthy crayfish representing either O. propinquus or O. rusticus co-housed with ulcerated crayfish did not develop ulcers within 4 wk of exposure. Gross and histopathologic analyses of ulcerated crayfish revealed the presence of filamentous hyphae in the lesions while hemocytic infiltrates, melanotic reactions and silver-stained sections indicated that the ulcers had an oomycete etiology Excised samples of ulcerated crayfish cuticle grown in culture developed an oomycete that was identified as Saprolegnia australis by PCR amplification and sequence analysis of 2 different DNA fragments This is the first report of the occurrence of ulcers in wild crayfish associated with S. australis infection in the USA The advent of the outbreak and its underlying ecological causes are still under investigation
Pharmacokinetics and Behavioral Effects of an Extended-Release, Liposome-Encapsulated Preparation of Oxymorphone in Rhesus Macaques
The objectives of the study were to determine the pharmacokinetics of
oxymorphone (oxy) and of ammonium sulfate-loaded, liposome-encapsulated
oxymorphone (LE-ASG oxy) and to evaluate the behavioral effects of both opioid
preparations by using ethographic evaluation specific to rhesus monkeys.
Rhesus monkeys (n = 8) were injected with 2.0 mg/kg LE-ASG oxy s.c..
Blood samples were collected at serial time points up to 144 h in six monkeys
and up to 456 h in two monkeys. Separate groups of monkeys were injected with
0.1 mg/kg oxy s.c. (n = 4) or i.v. (n = 5). Blood samples
were collected at serial time points up to 24 h after injection.
Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by using commercially available
software. Behavior was recorded in a different group of 10 monkeys
administered LE-ASG oxy (2.0 mg/kg s.c.) or oxy (0.1 mg/kg s.c.) on separate
occasions. Behavioral evaluations were made at serial time points while
monkeys were in an extended cage with a compatible stimulus animal.
Oxymorphone was rapidly eliminated from the serum in the oxy group. Measurable
drug was present in serum for up to 4 h after oxy was administered
subcutaneously or intravenously. LE-ASG oxy was present in serum in measurable
concentrations for more than 2 weeks. Neither oxy nor LE-ASG oxy produced
observable sedation. LE-ASG oxy decreased some environmentally directed
behaviors, but this drug formulation increased watchfulness, decreased
self-directed and elimination behaviors, increased nonspecific social contact,
and decreased threat behaviors. LE-ASG oxy persisted for an extended period in
rhesus monkey serum and produced behavioral changes consistent with this
opioid
Sedative effects and serum drug concentrations of oxymorphone and metabolites after subcutaneous administration of a liposome-encapsulated formulation in dogs
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