Die openbaring in die paradys.

Soos reeds vroeër gesê, verstaan ons onder openbaring: „bekendmakingvan die verborgene deur dade en verklarende woorde.” As God die Here iets doen, laat Hy Sy Woord daardie daad vergesel, opdatdie mens sal weet en verstaan wat sy Skepper-Vader wil. Die sonde het hierdie openbaring te meer onontbeerlik gemaak. Nie in die sin dat God daartoe verplig sou wees nie, maar daarsonder sou die gevalle mensheid involstrekte onkunde aangaande God in die geestelike wêreld voortgeleef het

Die Heerilikheid van die Woord van God. In sy sekerheid

Dit is die opskrif van ’n lesing gehou op die 2e Calvinistiese Konferensie te Grand Rapids, Michigan, Noord-Amerika, deur Dr. H. J. Ockenga. Aangesien dit van soveel betekenis is vir ons Calviniste hier in Suid-Afrika, wil ek dit graag in die kolomme van „Koers” vir ons lesers aanbied. Die lesing is oorspronklik in Engels gehou en word hier vryvertaald weergegee in ’n paar afgeslote artikels, allereers oor die sekerheid van die Woord

Federal Rules of Civil Procedure; Statute of Limitations; State Policy; Relation Back; Marshall v. Mulrenin

Some federal courts have followed the rule that amendments to correct misnomer or misdescription of a defendant will relate back where the proper defendant is in court. An amendment which substitutes or adds a new party, however, creates a new cause of action, and under such circumstances, there is normally no relation back to original filing for purposes of limitations.\u27 Since the 1966 amendment of rule 15(c), however, a number of courts have permitted amendments substituting defendants after the statute of limitations has run

The prevalence of specific learning difficulties in higher education: a study of UK universities across 12 academic years

Specific learning and attention difficulties are often first identified in childhood but they can cause lifelong academic and occupational challenges. We explored the prevalence of these difficulties and the representation of sex and ethnicity amongst all first-year students in UK higher education across 12 years– almost 5.7 million students –and compared course preferences and University destinations of those with and without difficulties. Students declaring learning/attention difficulties were more likely to be White or of Mixed ethnicity and least likely to be Asian. They were more likely to attend specialist HE institutions or newer universities, and more likely to study courses in creative arts and design, agriculture and architecture than law, languages, computer science and mathematical sciences. The number of students declaring difficulties has increased year on year, in actual terms and as a proportion of the student body, suggesting that efforts to increase diversity and inclusion have been successful. However, differences remain between students with and without learning/attention difficulties in terms of ethnicity, subjects studied, and HE institutions attended, so more needs to be done to identify and address reasons for this. While this paper reports data from UK students, it addresses an international question and invites similar explorations of other national datasets

Delaying the bell: the effects of longer school days on adolescent motherhood in Chile

We analyze the effect of a Chilean school reform that lengthened the school day from half to full-day shifts on the likelihood that adolescent girls become mothers. By increasing the number of hours spent in school, the reform curtails opportunities to engage in risky sexual behaviors. Using Chile's socio-economic household surveys and administrative data from the Ministry of Education from 19902006, we exploit the exogenous time and regional variation in the implementation of the reform to identify the effects of increased education and adult supervision on the likelihood that adolescent girls become mothers. We find that access to full-day schools reduces the probability of becoming an adolescent mother among poor families and in urban areas: an increase in full-day municipal enrollment of 20% reduces the likelihood of teen motherhood by 5%

The Effect of Different Winter Utilization Periods of a C4 Subtropic Foggage on the Growth of Weaners

A significant (P\u3c0.05) increase in lick consumption was found, as winter progressed, which was attributed to a significant decline in the quality (P\u3c0.05) of Digitaria eriantha foggage. Harvested treatments resulted in a significant (P\u3c0.05) decline in residual soil nitrogen levels compared to unharvested treatments. Losses, due to trampling, on average was 21.25%. It is advocated that Digitaria eriantha ought to be utilised in summer and is only suitable for maintenance if utilised in winter

Adolescent motherhood and secondary schooling in Chile

We analyze the determinants of adolescent motherhood and its subsequent effect on high school attendance and completion in Chile. Using eight rounds of household surveys, we find that adolescents who were born to teen mothers, those that live in poor households and in single-mother families, are more likely to have children, while access to full-time high schools reduces the likelihood of motherhood. We then estimate the effect of adolescent motherhood on the probability of high school attendance and completion. Using an instrumental variables approach to control for possible endogeneity between teen pregnancy and schooling, we find that being a mother reduces the probability of high school attendance and completion by 24 to 37 percent, making it the most important determinant of high school desertion, which implies that policies aimed at reducing early childbearing will have immediate, important effects on their school attainments

The Radius of Metric Subregularity

There is a basic paradigm, called here the radius of well-posedness, which quantifies the "distance" from a given well-posed problem to the set of ill-posed problems of the same kind. In variational analysis, well-posedness is often understood as a regularity property, which is usually employed to measure the effect of perturbations and approximations of a problem on its solutions. In this paper we focus on evaluating the radius of the property of metric subregularity which, in contrast to its siblings, metric regularity, strong regularity and strong subregularity, exhibits a more complicated behavior under various perturbations. We consider three kinds of perturbations: by Lipschitz continuous functions, by semismooth functions, and by smooth functions, obtaining different expressions/bounds for the radius of subregularity, which involve generalized derivatives of set-valued mappings. We also obtain different expressions when using either Frobenius or Euclidean norm to measure the radius. As an application, we evaluate the radius of subregularity of a general constraint system. Examples illustrate the theoretical findings.Comment: 20 page

Household choices of child labor and schooling: a simple model with application to Brazil

This paper develops and estimates a simple structural model of household decisions regarding child labor and schooling. We argue that part of the conflicting results from the previous literature related to the effect of improvements in economic conditions on child labor derives from the different income and substitution effects implicit in different types of income variation. Our model leads to an empirical specification where income and substitution effects can be clearly identified. We apply our model to Brazil and use agricultural shocks to local economic activity (coffee and overall agricultural production) to distinguish between the effects of increases in household income and increases in the opportunity cost of children's time. The results show that higher parental wages and household wealth are associated with lower child labor and higher school attendance. Nevertheless, conditional on family income and socioeconomic status, exogenous temporary increases in local economic activity are associated with increased opportunity cost of children's time and, therefore, higher child labor and lower schooling. The results reconcile economic theory with seemingly contradictory evidence from the previous empirical literature