Die openbaring in die paradys.

Soos reeds vroeër gesê, verstaan ons onder openbaring: „bekendmakingvan die verborgene deur dade en verklarende woorde.” As God die Here iets doen, laat Hy Sy Woord daardie daad vergesel, opdatdie mens sal weet en verstaan wat sy Skepper-Vader wil. Die sonde het hierdie openbaring te meer onontbeerlik gemaak. Nie in die sin dat God daartoe verplig sou wees nie, maar daarsonder sou die gevalle mensheid involstrekte onkunde aangaande God in die geestelike wêreld voortgeleef het

Die Heerilikheid van die Woord van God. In sy sekerheid

Dit is die opskrif van ’n lesing gehou op die 2e Calvinistiese Konferensie te Grand Rapids, Michigan, Noord-Amerika, deur Dr. H. J. Ockenga. Aangesien dit van soveel betekenis is vir ons Calviniste hier in Suid-Afrika, wil ek dit graag in die kolomme van „Koers” vir ons lesers aanbied. Die lesing is oorspronklik in Engels gehou en word hier vryvertaald weergegee in ’n paar afgeslote artikels, allereers oor die sekerheid van die Woord

Federal Rules of Civil Procedure; Statute of Limitations; State Policy; Relation Back; Marshall v. Mulrenin

Some federal courts have followed the rule that amendments to correct misnomer or misdescription of a defendant will relate back where the proper defendant is in court. An amendment which substitutes or adds a new party, however, creates a new cause of action, and under such circumstances, there is normally no relation back to original filing for purposes of limitations.\u27 Since the 1966 amendment of rule 15(c), however, a number of courts have permitted amendments substituting defendants after the statute of limitations has run

The Radius of Metric Subregularity

There is a basic paradigm, called here the radius of well-posedness, which quantifies the "distance" from a given well-posed problem to the set of ill-posed problems of the same kind. In variational analysis, well-posedness is often understood as a regularity property, which is usually employed to measure the effect of perturbations and approximations of a problem on its solutions. In this paper we focus on evaluating the radius of the property of metric subregularity which, in contrast to its siblings, metric regularity, strong regularity and strong subregularity, exhibits a more complicated behavior under various perturbations. We consider three kinds of perturbations: by Lipschitz continuous functions, by semismooth functions, and by smooth functions, obtaining different expressions/bounds for the radius of subregularity, which involve generalized derivatives of set-valued mappings. We also obtain different expressions when using either Frobenius or Euclidean norm to measure the radius. As an application, we evaluate the radius of subregularity of a general constraint system. Examples illustrate the theoretical findings.Comment: 20 page

Behaviours preceding suicides at railway and underground locations: a multimethodological qualitative approach

Background: Suicides by train have devastating consequences for families, the rail industry, staff dealing with the aftermath of such incidents, and potential witnesses. To reduce suicides and suicide attempts by rail it is important to learn how safe interventions can be made. However, very little is known about how to identify someone who may be about to make a suicide attempt at a railway location (including underground/subways). The current research employed a novel way of understanding what behaviours might immediately precede a suicide or suicide attempt at these locations. Design and Methods: A qualitative thematic approach was used for three parallel studies. Data were gathered from several sources including: interviews with individuals who survived a suicide attempt at a railway or underground location (N=9); CCTV footage of individuals who died by suicide at a rail or underground location (N=16); and qualitative survey data providing views from rail staff (N=79). Results: Our research suggests there are several behaviours that people may carry out before a suicide or suicide attempt at a rail location including: station hopping and platform switching; limiting contact with others; positioning themselves at the end of the track where the train/tube approaches; allowing trains to pass by; and carrying out repetitive behaviours. Interpretation: There are several behaviours that may be identifiable in the moments leading up to a suicide or suicide attempt on the railways, which may present opportunities for intervention. These findings have implications for several stakeholders including rail providers, transport police and other organisations focused on suicide prevention

Factors deterring and prompting the decision to attempt suicide on the railway networks: findings from 353 online surveys and 34 semi-structured interviews

Background There is a suicide on the British railways every 36 hours. However, the reasons why people choose to die by train are not well understood. Aims To explore factors influencing and discouraging the decision to attempt suicide on the railway networks. Method We conducted an online survey and qualitative interviews with individuals who had contemplated or attempted suicide by train. Results A total of 353 survey responders had considered and 23 had attempted suicide at rail locations (including railways and metro/underground); a third of these cases were impulsive. The most frequently reported motivations for contemplating or attempting suicide were perceptions of quick and certain lethality (54 and 37%, respectively) and easy access to rail settings (33 and 38%, respectively). The main factor discouraging people from rail suicide was its wider impact, especially on train drivers (19%). In qualitative interviews (N = 34) the desire to avoid intervention from others was also a common motivating factor for attempting suicide on the railway networks. Conclusions People attempt suicide by train because railway settings are easy to access and because of an inaccurate perception of certain and quick lethality. Tackling exaggerated perceptions of lethality may help reduce suicides by train

Ammonia oxidisers in a non-nitrifying Brazilian savanna soil

Peer reviewedPostprin

Synthesis and NMR Elucidation of Novel Octa-Amino Acid Resorcin[4]arenes Derivatives

The synthesis of nine novel protected amino acid cavitands is reported. All have four pendant n-undecyl chains and ‘headgroups’ connected by a two-carbon spacer at eight positions on the aromatic rings. The amino acids employed are glycine, alanine, phenylalanine, leucine, proline, tryptophan, serine, glutamine and lysine. The structures of the compounds were elucidated using one and two-dimensional NMR techniques which verified that all octa-substituted cavitands have symmetrical C2v conformation at room temperature. These compounds have potential synthetic ion channel applications.KEYWORDS Octa-amino acid resorcin[4]arenes, 1H-NMR, COSY, HSQC, C4v symmetry, C2v symmetry.PDF and Supp files attache

The effects of text editing and subtitle presentation rate on the comprehension and reading patterns of interlingual and intralingual subtitles among deaf, hard of hearing and hearing viewers

In this paper we examine the influence of text editing (edited vs. verbatim subtitles) and subtitle presentation rates (12 vs. 15 characters per second) on the comprehension and reading patterns of interlingual and intralingual subtitles among a group of 44 deaf, 33 hard of hearing and 60 hearing Polish adult subjects. The results of the eyetracking study show no benefit of editing down the text of subtitles, particularly in the case of intralingual subtitling and deaf viewers. Verbatim subtitles displayed with the higher presentation rate yielded slightly better comprehension results, were skipped less often, and resulted in more effective reading patterns. Deaf and hard of hearing participants had lower comprehension than hearing people; they also had a higher number of fixations per subtitle and were found to dwell on subtitles longer than the hearing