Vier sleutelareas van die onderwys in ’n nuwe staatkundige bedeling in Suid-Afrika

Quite a few changes have occurred in South Africa since 2 February 1990 - even in the field o f education. The greatest changes in education, however, still lie ahead. Thus the present fifteen education departments will probably be replaced by one education system an d regional departments. A few important challenges for education include, inter alia, the financial situation, in which providing for the best possible education with the little money that is available, will have to be planned. In addition the rate o f population growth is very high. A new education structure will make greater demands in regard to a heterogeneous school population and multicultural education. Education standards will also have to be maintained as far as certification and the professional quality o f the teachers are concerned. In the meantime it remains important that education is still provided on the basis o f sound educational principles - this includes education through the medium o f the home language, the construction and maintenance o f the spirit and character o f the school, the continuation o f the culture o f the parental home in the school and the involvement and responsibility o f parents in the education. These aims will have to be promoted purposefully

Endangered man and the solution of the Christian from the point of view of education*

In this paper we are going to deal with a number of concepts and problems: endangered man and the Christian solution — from the viewpoint of education. The theme in its entirety is qualified by the contextual approach from the educational angle. The paper will thus deal specifically with those aspects of great significance for the science and practice of education

Addressing domestic violence: to what extent does the law provide effective measures?

The high incidence of domestic violence in South Africa calls for a competent legal response. The Constitution as well as international human rights conventions oblige the state to protect human rights, including the rights of victims of domestic violence. The government is, therefore, challenged to enact effective legal measures to address domestic violence. This paper undertakes to examine the current legal remedies and protection available to victims of domestic violence. The focus is on the Domestic Violence Act 116 of 1998. The Act is discussed, compared to previous legislation and  critically evaluated to assess its effectiveness in addressing domestic violence

Sexual Offences Courts: Better justice for children?

Child victims of sexual abuse are vulnerable witnesses who experience trauma and secondary victimisation when they testify in sexual abuse cases. Sexual Offences Courts aim to alleviate this problem in various ways. The main focus of this article is to examine the prescribed blueprint for Sexual Offences Courts in order to determine whether blueprint-compliant Sexual Offences Courts contribute to better justice for child victims of sexual offences. Each blueprint requirement is therefore analysed with the aim of determining whether possible advantages for child victims can be identified.The conclusion is reached that substantial advantages for child victims are provided by blueprint compliant Sexual Offences Courts. By 2005 54 Sexual Offences Courts were established countrywide and official statistics indicate that these courts are very successful. However, despite numerous commitments by government to establish more of these courts, a moratorium on the establishment of new courts was announced. It is argued that blueprint compliant Sexual Offences Courts do indeed provide better justice for children and therefore more of these courts should be established at a much faster rate

Sexual Offences Courts in South Africa: Quo vadis?

Since the establishment of the first Sexual Offences Court in Wynberg in 1993, various developments have taken place that include, but are not limited to, the following: several investigations into these courts were undertaken; the Sexual Offences and Community Affairs Unit (SOCA Unit) was established; a blueprint for Sexual Offences Courts was drafted and later refined; and, by 2007, the number of Sexual Offences Courts had increased to 59. These courts have performed exceptionally well compared with general regional courts and conviction rates rose to 70 per cent on average. Despite the obvious success of these courts, the Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development declared a moratorium on the establishment of additional Sexual Offences Courts pending the outcome of an evaluation of existing Sexual Offences Courts. In this article, a synopsis of the development of Sexual Offences Courts is given and the subsequent evaluation commissioned by the Minister is assessed and is supplemented with recommendations to enhance efforts to combat sexual offences through the Sexual Offences Courts

The Focke Helicopter

This report presents some of the problems concerning tests of helicopters, such as forced landings, controllability and stability, general safety, piloting maneuvers, performance, servicing, and the production of lift of a propeller. Test flights are described including a 67.67 mph flight by Hanna Reitsch

The impact of nebular emission on the broadband fluxes of high-redshift galaxies

A substantial fraction of the light emitted from young or star-forming galaxies at ultraviolet to near-infrared wavelengths comes from the ionized interstellar medium in the form of emission lines and a nebular continuum. At high redshifts, star formation rates are on average higher and stellar populations younger than in the local Universe. Both of these effects act to boost the impact of nebular emission on the overall spectrum of galaxies. Even so, the broadband fluxes and colours of high-redshift galaxies are routinely analyzed under the assumption that the light observed originates directly from stars. Here, we assess the impact of nebular emission on broadband fluxes in Johnson/Cousins BVRIJHK, Sloan Digital Sky Survey griz and Spitzer IRAC/MIPS filters as a function of observed redshift (up to z=15) for galaxies with different star formation histories. We find that nebular emission may account for a non-negligible fraction of the light received from high-redshift galaxies. The ages and masses inferred for such objects through the use of spectral evolutionary models that omit the nebular contribution are therefore likely to contain systematic errors. We argue that a careful treatment of the nebular component will be essential for the interpretation of the rest-frame ultraviolet-to-infrared properties of the first galaxies formed, like the ones expected to be detected with the James Webb Space Telescope.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

Nitrogen rate for irrigated oats on terminated alfalfa

Non-Peer Reviewe

Characteristics and circumstances of rail suicides in England 2019-2021: a cluster analysis and autopsy study

Background Around 4 % of all suicide deaths in Great Britain occur on the railways. This exploratory study was designed to increase understanding of the individuals that take their lives in this way, and the circumstances of their death. Method Data were obtained from fatality investigation files compiled by the British Transport Police (BTP) relating to suspected suicides on the mainline railway in England from April 2019 to March 2021. Cluster analysis was carried out to identify grouped associations of characteristics and circumstances relating to rail suicide. Results A total of 436 files were analysed, representing 93 % of all suspected railway suicides during this period. Cluster analysis identified four groups of almost equal size, distinguished principally by age, living arrangements, employment status and location of death. The study is novel in the way it integrates individual characteristics and circumstances of death. The identified clusters may provide a multidimensional way of conceptualising suicide risk that could inform more targeted interventions at rail locations. Limitations A high proportion of missing data means that the findings need to be interpreted with caution. It also restricted the multivariate analysis to those categories of information for which sufficient information was available. Conclusion The characteristics and circumstances of suicide deaths on the railways are complex and multifaceted. The typology identified in this study may help to target preventative strategies prior to the incident as well as at different location types