An Ab Initio Study of Pressure-Induced Changes of Magnetism in Austenitic Stoichiometric Ni2MnSn

We have performed a quantum-mechanical study of a series of stoichiometric Ni2MnSn structures focusing on pressure-induced changes in their magnetic properties. Motivated by the facts that (i) our calculations give the total magnetic moment of the defect-free stoichiometric Ni2MnSn higher than our experimental value by 12.8% and (ii) the magnetic state is predicted to be more sensitive to hydrostatic pressures than seen in our measurements, our study focused on the role of point defects, in particular Mn-Ni, Mn-Sn and Ni-Sn swaps in the stoichiometric Ni2MnSn. For most defect types we also compared states with both ferromagnetic (FM) and anti-ferromagnetic (AFM) coupling between (i) the swapped Mn atoms and (ii) those on the Mn sublattice. Our calculations show that the swapped Mn atoms can lead to magnetic moments nearly twice smaller than those in the defect-free Ni2MnSn. Further, the defect-containing states exhibit pressure-induced changes up to three times larger but also smaller than those in the defect-free Ni2MnSn. Importantly, we find both qualitative and quantitative differences in the pressure-induced changes of magnetic moments of individual atoms even for the same global magnetic state. Lastly, despite of the fact that the FM-coupled and AFM-coupled states have often very similar formation energies (the differences only amount to a few meV per atom), their structural and magnetic properties can be very different

Regulating minimum wages and other forms of pay for the self-employed

Aquesta publicació s'elabora a partir de les contribucions de cadascú dels membres nacionals que integren la Network of Eurofound Correspondents. Pel cas d'Espanya la contribució ha estat realitzada per l' Oscar Molina (veure annex 2 Network of Eurofound Correspondents)This report is carried out in the context of the three-year pilot project (2021-2023), 'Role of the minimum wage in establishing the Universal Labour Guarantee', mandated to Eurofound by the European Commission. Its focus is module 3 of the project, investigating minimum wages and other forms of pay for the self-employed. Out of concern for the challenging conditions faced by certain groups of self-employed workers, some Member States have established or are in discussions about proposing some statutory forms of minimum pay for selected categories of the self-employed. The main objective of the report is to understand how minimum wages, wage rates, tariffs, fees and other forms of pay could be fixed for specific jobs or professions in sectors having a high level of 'vulnerable' workers, as well as 'concealed' self-employed. While the majority of Member States allow trade union representation, the right to collective bargaining for the self-employed is much more limited. Only a small number of Member States provide examples of collectively agreed minimum wages or other forms of pay for the self-employed

Minimum wages in 2023 : annual review

Aquesta publicació s'elabora a partir de les contribucions de cadascú dels membres nacionals que integren la Network of Eurofound Correspondents. Pel cas d'Espanya la contribució ha estat realitzada per l'Oscar Molina (veure annex Network of Eurofound Correspondents)The 2023 annual review of minimum wages was prepared in the context of unprecedented inflation across Europe. While this led to hefty increases in nominal wage rates in many countries, it was in many cases not enough to maintain workers' purchasing power. Based on developments over the last decade, this report shows that, overall, minimum wage earners in nearly all countries saw their purchasing power rising, the gap between their wages and average wages narrowing, and to some degree growth exceeding labour productivity development

Odcizení a emancipace

Katedra sociologieFilozofická fakult

The Calphad approach to the calculation of ternary and quaternary diagrams, its strength and weakness; application to Ti-V-C, Ti-V-N and Ti-V-C-N

The advantages and limitations of the CALPHAD method for the calculation of multicomponent phase diagrams are demonstrated on simple ternary systems

CALPHAD type modelling of phase diagrams of nanomaterials

The method was described for the calculation of phase diagrams of nanoalloys, combining the semiempirical CALPHAD method and ab-initio calculation of surface tension

The experimental and theoretical study of the Ti-V-C-N system

Titanium and vanadium carbides and carbonitrides form hard and resistant materials, which are widely used in the industry for tools and wear-resistant applications, in HSLA steels as dispersion phase, and even as fuel cladding in the nuclear power plants. Despite of their importance, only few experiments, dealing with the phase diagrams of Ti-V-C, Ti-V-N and Ti-V-C-N systems were made, most of them in the second half of the 60Žs

Thermodynamic Modeling of the Al–Co–Pd Ternary System, Aluminum Rich Corner

The aluminum-rich corner of the Al–Co–Pd ternary system was thermodynamically modeled by the CALPHAD method in the present study. The ternary system is a complex system with many ternary phases (W, V, F, U, Y2, C2). All ternary phases, except phase U, were modeled as stoichiometric compounds. The order–disorder model was used to describe the BCC–B2 and BCC-A2 phases. Solubility of the third element in binary intermetallic phases (Al5Co2, Al3Co, Al9Co2, Al13Co4, Al3Pd and Al3Pd2) was modeled. The experimental results collected from the literature were used in the optimization of the thermodynamic parameters. A good agreement between the experimental results and the calculations was achieved