7,9-Dichloro-6H,12H-indolo[2,1-b]quinazoline-6,12-dione

There are two independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C15H6Cl2N2O2. The conjugated four-ring system is essentially planar in each mol­ecule [maximum deviation = 0.089 (2) Å]. In the crystal, weak inter­molecular C—H⋯Cl, C—H⋯O and C—H⋯·N inter­actions help to stabilize the packing

9-O-Ethyl­berberrubinium iodide monohydrate

In the title compound (systematic name: 9-eth­oxy-10-meth­oxy-5,6-dihydro-1,3-dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinolino­[3,2-a]isoquin­olin-7-ium iodide monohydrate), 2C21H20NO4 +·2I−·H2O, two independent mol­ecules pack in the unit cell, where interactions between the molecules are stabilized by weak inter­molecular π–π stacking inter­actions [centroid–centroid distances in the range 3.571 (4) to 3.815 (4)Å]. Inter­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions are also observed. The iodide anions are disordered with occupancy ratios of 0.94 (1):0.06 (1) and 0.91 (1):0.09 (1). The cationic molecule is planar in structure with a small torsion resulting from the dihydropyridine ring

An examination of the relationship of governance structure and performance: Evidence from banking companies in Bangladesh

Corporate governance has become increasingly important in developed and developing countries just after a series of corporate scandals and failures in a number of countries. Corporate governance structure is often viewed as a means of corporate success despite prior studies reveal mixed, somewhere conflicting and ambiguous, and somewhere no relationship between governance structure and performance. This study empirically investigates the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and financial performance of listed banking companies in Bangladesh by using two multiple regression models. The study reveals that a good number of companies do not comply with the regulatory requirements indicating remarkable shortfall in corporate governance practice. The companies are run by the professional managers having no duality and no ownership interest for which they are compensated by high remuneration to curb agency conflict. Apart from some inconsistent relationship between some corporate variables, the corporate governance mechanisms do not appear to have significant relationship with financial performances. The findings reveal an insignificant negative impact or somewhere no impact of independent directors and non-independent non-executive directors on the level of performance that strongly support the concept that the managers are essentially worthy of trust and earn returns for the owners as claimed by stewardship theory. The study provides support for the view that while much emphasis on corporate governance mechanisms is necessary to safeguard the interest of stakeholders; corporate governance on its own, as a set of codes or standards for corporate conformance, cannot make a company successful. Companies need to balance corporate governance mechanisms with performance by adopting strategic decision and risk management with the efficient utilization of the organization’s resources

Conversion of Isatins to Tryptanthrins, Heterocycles Endowed with a Myriad of Bioactivities

International audienceThe numerous bioactivities exhibited by tryptanthrins led chemists to develop synthetic approaches towards this important scaffold. In particular, conversion of isatins into tryptanthrins has been the subject of several studies. In this context, by using iodine and potassium hydroxide at room temperature, we have discovered a simple way to convert isatin and seven of its 5-substituted derivatives (Bu, F, Cl, Br, I, OMe and OCF 3 ) into the corresponding tryptanthrins. Furthermore, a mechanism was proposed to explain this original reactivity. Finally, we evaluated the antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of the synthesized tryptanthrins. The unprecedented inhibition of human 20S constitutive proteasome was finally evaluated

Bank debt and performance of Continental European firms

When the source of external capital for Continental European firms is examined, debt markets have historically supplied a much larger percentage of the external capital than equity markets, and firms rely much more on bank debt than bonds for their external funds. In this environment banks have incentives to either monitor or actually manage firms depending on their relative debt stake in those firms. The objective of this paper is to assess the association between firm performance and level bank debt for firms from seven Continental European countries. After controlling for firm- and country-specific characteristics, we find bank debt is correlated with a firm's accounting performance as measured by return on assets (ROA) and return on shareholders' funds. When repeating the analysis on a country-by-country basis, an association is found between bank debt and ROA.long-term debt; financial accounting; accounting performance; relational equity ownership; Europe; external capital; debt markets; equity markets; bonds; external funds; banks; relative debt; debt stakes; firm performance; level bank debt; return on assets; ROA; shareholders; shareholder funds; Austria; Germany; Holland; Netherlands; Belgium; France; Spain; Portugal; economics; business research.